多孔钛酸钡陶瓷制备及其增强的压电灵敏性

在压电陶瓷中增加孔洞数量,可以有效改善陶瓷的静水压优值,提高其压电灵敏性.考虑到铅基压电陶瓷对环境和人体的危害,本文以糊精为造孔剂,采用传统固相烧结法制备无铅钛酸钡(BaTiO_3)多孔压电陶瓷.研究烧结温度(1250,1280,1300℃)和糊精含量(5%,10%,15%)对BaTiO_3陶瓷晶体结构、孔隙率以及孔形貌特征的影响,探索孔隙率与BaTiO_3陶瓷介电、压电、声阻抗以及静水压优值等性能之间的相关性.结果表明:所有多孔陶瓷表现出三维贯通的开气孔,尺寸约为1—7μm.烧结温度强烈影响BaTiO_3陶瓷的孔隙率,加入10%低沸点的糊精时,1250℃和1280℃烧结均获得孔隙率高达58%的多孔BaTiO_3陶瓷;然而1300℃烧结,陶瓷孔隙率急速下降到13%.1250℃烧结10%糊精含量的陶瓷表现出高的静水压优值(约8376×10~/(-15)Pa~(-1))和低的声阻抗(约2.84MRrayls(1Rayl=10Pa·s/m)).与1250℃相比,1280℃烧结的陶瓷晶粒之间的结合力明显增强,有利于提高陶瓷的力学强度.这些优异的性能预示着多孔钛酸钡陶瓷在传感器和水听器领域有着潜在的应用前景.     

多孔未极化Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3铁电陶瓷单轴压缩力学响应与相变

通过添加造孔剂的方法制备了四种不同孔隙率未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷. 采用非接触式的数字散斑相关性分析(digital image correltation, DIC)全场应变光学测量技术, 对多孔未极化PZT95/5 铁电陶瓷开展了单轴压缩实验研究, 讨论了孔隙率对未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的力学响应与畴变、相变行为的影响. 多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的单轴压缩应力-应变关系呈现出类似于泡沫或蜂窝材料的三阶段变形特征, 其变形机理主要归因于畴变和相变的共同作用, 与微孔洞塌缩过程无关. 多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的弹性模量、压缩强度都随着孔隙率的增加而明显降低, 而孔隙率对断裂应变的影响较小. 预制的微孔洞没有改善未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷材料的韧性, 这是因为单轴压缩下未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的断裂机理是轴向劈裂破坏, 微孔洞对劈裂裂纹传播没有起到阻碍和分叉作用. 准静态单轴压缩下多孔未极化PZT95/5铁电陶瓷畴变和相变开始的临界应力都随着孔隙率的增大而呈线性衰减, 但相变开始的临界体积应变却不依赖孔隙率.     

致密—多孔—致密夹心PZT压电陶瓷及其在换能器方面的应用

本文用比较简单的陶瓷制造方法,制备了致密—多孔—致密夹心PZT陶瓷,并测定其在不同致密层和不同气孔率下的介电、弹性和压电性.这种夹心陶瓷呈现了大的静态电压压电系数g_k~*—170×10~(-3)vM/N,和小的介电常数—210. 用这种夹心陶瓷做成的水听器,要比用同样尺寸的普通致密PZT陶瓷做成的水听器灵敏度高,频带宽,并能经受100kg/cm~2的静压力.若用于无损检测或医学超声探头,夹心陶瓷具有较大的潜力.     

静电场中多孔PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的通道电-机械击穿模型及分析

作为爆电电源的多孔PZT95/5铁电陶瓷具有极为重要的工程应用背景,但它在强电场作用下易发生电击穿失效,从而影响其放电效率,甚至造成电源失效。基于多孔PZT95/5铁电陶瓷材料在外电场作用下内部形成导电通道以致电失效的机制,通过通道内部局部放电及通道电-机械击穿机理,建立了导电通道诱导的多孔铁电陶瓷的电击穿模型并进行了相关的理论分析。基于本模型,给出了不同孔隙率下铁电陶瓷的电击穿临界电场强度,预测结果与实验测试结果吻合良好,且材料孔隙率越大,内部电击穿通道的特征尺寸越大,导致铁电陶瓷材料的电击穿临界场强显著降低。     

热压法制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷

以CaF₂作为α-Si₃N₄粉末的烧结助剂,同时充当多孔氮化硅陶瓷的造孔剂,采用热压烧结工艺在较低温度下制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷。研究烧结助剂的含量对多孔氮化硅陶瓷显气孔率、抗弯强度的影响,分析材料的组分并观察断口结构。结果表明：在温度1 450℃,压力0.55T的条件下,当CaF₂添加量为6.0wt%时,多孔陶瓷的性能较为优异,其孔隙率为38.8%,α-Si₃N₄→β-Si₃N₄的相变程度为38.5%,抗弯强度为137.1 MPa。     

聚丙烯蜂窝膜驻极体压电系数的测量及压电性的改善

利用介电谐振谱分析了聚丙烯蜂窝状原生膜(PPCellular,PQ50型)的力学及介电参数，测得其压电系数d33约为18pC/N.经合理的压力膨化工艺处理后，其d33可增加至367pC/N，比久负盛名的铁电聚合物聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)的d33高20倍以上，也高于压电陶瓷锆钛酸铅(PZT)的相应值.结合扫描电镜照片及根据PP蜂窝膜压电理论模型分析了这类空间电荷型非极性孔洞薄膜驻极体呈现高压电系数的结构和物理根源. 关键词： 聚丙烯蜂窝膜 压电性 介电谐振 压力膨化处理     

Nd_2O_3掺杂对CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)陶瓷在太赫兹频段的介电调制作用

报道了通过Nd2O3掺杂实现对Ca Cu3Ti4O12(CCTO)介电陶瓷在太赫兹(THz)波段介电常数和损耗的调制。采用固相反应法制备了Nd2O3掺杂的CCTO样品。结构分析表明Nd离子掺杂不影响陶瓷的主晶相结构;形貌表征显示Nd离子掺杂的CCTO陶瓷晶粒尺寸随掺杂质量百分比增加而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,对晶粒有明显的细化作用;THz测试结果显示CCTO的实介电常数与晶粒尺寸变化趋势相反;介电损耗和晶粒尺寸变化趋势相同。结果表明,通过Nd2O3掺杂调制CCTO晶粒的大小,能够实现对THz波段的介电调制功能。     

冲击波加载下孔隙率对Pb_(0.99)(Zr_(0.95)Ti_(0.05))_(0.98)Nb_(0.02)O_3铁电陶瓷去极化性能的影响

制备了四种不同孔隙率的Pb0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98Nb0.02O3铁电陶瓷,并研究了冲击波作用下孔隙率对陶瓷去极化性能的影响.研究表明:短路负载条件下陶瓷的放电波形不随孔隙的加入而改变,均为方波.多孔陶瓷的放电脉冲幅度较低,脉冲宽度较长.释放的电荷量随着孔隙率的增加而减小,与静态电滞回线测试结果一致.多孔陶瓷具有较低的冲击阻抗,改善了与封装介质的阻抗匹配.用Lysne模型拟合了材料在高电阻负载条件下的放电行为,并指出高电阻负载条件下材料的介电常数是静态介电常数的4—5倍,而且材料的介电常数随孔隙率的增加而减小.冲击波通过样品以后,电路的放电时间常数随着孔隙率的增大而增大.随着电阻的增大,样品负载电压增高,材料铁电-反铁电相变受到抑制,电流上升沿变缓,致密陶瓷出现了击穿现象.     

晶粒尺寸及衬底应力对铁电薄膜特性的影响

考虑衬底应力、畴壁运动和畴结构变化, 建立了修正的Landau-Devonshire热力学模型, 计算了生长在不同衬底上的含有纳米晶粒的PbZr_0.4Ti_0.6O₃(PZT)薄膜的电滞回线, 研究了矫顽场、剩余极化强度和相对介电常数对晶粒尺寸以及薄膜厚度的依赖关系. 结果表明, 矫顽场和相对介电常数对晶粒尺寸的依赖关系呈类抛物线状;衬底压应力使矫顽场和剩余极化强度增大, 使相对介电常数减小;随着厚度增加, 矫顽场先缓慢增加, 到200 nm 关键词： 铁电体 晶粒尺寸 衬底应力 薄膜厚度     

对压电陶瓷极化特性的研究

根据研究模型首先得出压电陶瓷极化特性的理论推测,然后使用DP-5型介电谱仪,测量由压电陶瓷材料制作的蜂鸣器。实验测出压电陶瓷的极化方式与极化率和外场频率有关,随着频率的增加,压电陶瓷的离子位移极化率、电介质分子取向极化的极化率将减小,最终表现为相对介电常数减小。实验结果与理论猜测吻合。     

Structural, dielectric relaxation and piezoelectric characterization of Sr substituted modified PMS-PZT ceramic

Pyrochlore phase free [Pb_0.94Sr_0.06] [(Mn_1/3Sb_2/3)_0.05(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)_0.95] O₃ ceramics has been synthesized with pure Perovskite phase by semi-wet route using the columbite precursor method. The field dependences of the dielectric response and the conductivity have been measured in a frequency range from 50 Hz to 1 MHz and in a temperature range from 303 K to 773 K. An analysis of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity with frequency has been performed, assuming a distribution of relaxation times. The scaling behavior of the dielectric loss spectra suggests that the distribution of the relaxation times is temperature independent. The SEM photographs of the sintered specimens present the homogenous structures and well-grown grains with a sharp grain boundary. The material exhibits tetragonal structure. When measured at frequency (100 Hz), the polarization shows a strong field dependence. Different piezoelectric figures of merit (k_p, d₃₃ and Q_m) of the material have also been measured obtaining their values as 0.53, 271 pC/N and 1115, respectively, which are even higher than those of pure PZT with morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition. Thus the present ceramics have the optimal overall performance and are promising candidates for the various high power piezoelectric applications.     

Fabrication of textured KNNT ceramics by reactive template grain growth using NN templates

Lead-free non-stoichiometric (K_0.470Na_0.545)(Nb_0.55Ta_0.45)O₃ (KNNT) textured ceramics were prepared by a reactive templated grain growth method using NaNbO₃ (NN) templates. The Plate-like NaNbO₃ (NN) templates were synthesized from bismuth layer-structured Bi_2.5Na_3.5Nb₅O₁₈ (BNN) particles by a topochemical microcrystal conversion (TMC) method. Using 5 wt% of NN templates, textured KNNT ceramics were fabricated, and their crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were compared with non-textured KNNT ceramics prepared by a conventional solid state reaction method. The textured KNNT ceramics exhibited high grain orientation and high dielectric constant. In addition, piezoelectric properties of textured KNNT ceramics were improved, giving a high piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ = 390 pC/N and piezoelectric coupling coefficient k_p = 0.60.     

Comparison of piezoelectricity in Ta and La substituted lead calcium titanate ceramics

This paper reports the experimental investigations on the effect of La³⁺ and Ta⁵⁺ substitution on the structural characteristics and dielectric and piezoelectric properties of lead calcium titanate (PCT) ceramic. The PCT samples with A-site and B-site substitution having the composition formula Pb_0.76−x/2La_xCa_0.24(Ti_0.98Mn_0.02)_1−x/2O₃ and Pb_0.76Ca_0.24Mn_0.02Ti _0.98−5x/4Ta_xO₃, x=0 and 0.02, respectively_, were prepared using conventional solid-state reaction method. Phase formation and structural analysis were studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Dielectric constant (ε′) and loss tangent (tan δ) as a function of frequency were measured at room temperature as well as elevated temperature. Both ε′ and tan δ decreased with increase in frequency at room temperature. Curie temperature decreased with La and Ta doping in PCT ceramics due to a decrease in the tetragonality of PCT ceramics. Piezoelectric charge coefficients (d₃₃, d₃₁) increased with La³⁺ substitution due to reorientation of the grains and decreased with Ta⁵⁺ substitution because of the increase in porosity. Figure of merit d_hg_h increased and decreased with La and Ta substitution, respectively. A good ferroelectric behaviour is obtained for La substitution, while no hysteresis is obtained for Ta substitution.     

Ferroelectric phase transition and optical performance of PLZnNZT transparent ceramics

Lead-based Pb_0.97La_0.02(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.3(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)_0.7O₃ (PLZnNZT) transparent ceramics with the addition of 2 wt% excess PbO were prepared by hot-pressing sintering method. The hot-pressing sintered PLZnNZT ceramics exhibit dense and large-grained microstructure, and perovskite structure with distorted cubic-like symmetry. The ceramics exhibit normal ferroelectric-like dielectric behavior with slightly diffused ferroelectric phase transition characteristic. The PLZnNZT ceramics exhibit fully developed, symmetric and saturated P–E hysteresis loop and large piezoelectric constant d₃₃, being 468 pC/N. The ceramics with 120 μm thickness exhibit maximum transmittance of 53% at 850 nm when Fresnel losses was not included, almost totally transparent in the mid IR region (2500–5600 nm), and low-lying optical band gap energy E_g of 3.23 eV. Three diffused Raman bands centering around 240 cm⁻¹, 560 cm⁻¹ and 750 cm⁻¹ are observed by micro-Raman spectroscopy, which can be attributed to F2g [BO₆] bending vibration, A1g [BO₆] stretching vibration and “soft mode” mixed by the bending and stretching vibrations, respectively, confirming the normal ferroelectric-like characteristic.     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PZT–cement composites

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and cement composites of 0–3 connectivity were produced using PZT of 30–90% by volume. The effects of PZT on dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the composites were then investigated. The dielectric constant (ε_r) of the composites was found to increase with increasing PZT content. The ε_r value of 90% PZT composite obtained was 291 which is noticeably higher than that of PC sample (ε_r = 79). The dielectric loss (tan δ) was found to decrease with PZT content and the tan δ value was lowest at 0.63 for 90% PZT composite. Piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) was found to increase with PZT content as expected. However, the effects were most significant at two stages, first at 30% PZT volume content (14 pC/N) and then at very high PZT content (90% by volume) where d₃₃ value reached 43 pC/N.     

Effects of (LiCe) co-substitution on the structural and electrical properties of CaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics

The piezoelectric, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of the (LiCe) co-substituted calcium bismuth niobate (CaBi₂Nb₂O₉, CBNO) are investigated. The piezoelectric properties of CBNO ceramics are significantly enhanced and the dielectric loss tanδ decreased. This makes poling using (LiCe) co-substitution easier. The ceramics (where □ represents A-site Ca²⁺ vacancies, possess a pure layered structure phase and no other phases can be found. The Ca_0.88(LiCe)_0.04□_0.04Bi₂Nb₂O₉ ceramics possess optimal piezoelectric properties, with piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) and Curie temperature (T_C) found to be 13.3 pC/N and 960 ℃, respectively. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the (LiCe) co-substituted CBNO ceramics exhibit very stable temperature behaviours. This demonstrates that the CBNO ceramics are a promising candidate for ultrahigh temperature applications.     

Effect of carbon black on properties of 0–3 piezoelectric ceramic/cement composites

0–3 cement-based piezoelectric composites were fabricated using sulphoaluminate cement and piezoelectric ceramic [0.08Pb(Li_1/4Nb_3/4)O₃ · 0.47PbTiO₃ · 0.45PbZrO₃] [P(LN)ZT] as raw materials by compressing technique. The influences of carbon black content on the piezoelectric and dielectric properties, electric conductivity and impedance were investigated. The results indicate that the piezoelectric strain constant d₃₃ and piezoelectric voltage constant g₃₃ of the composites increase gradually with a suitable carbon black addition. When the carbon black content is 0.3 wt%, both of the piezoelectric strain constant d₃₃ and piezoelectric voltage constant g₃₃ of the composite exist the maximum value, which are 17.45 pC N⁻¹ and 36.3 mV m N⁻¹, respectively. As the carbon black content increases, the dielectric constant ε_r, dielectric loss tanδ and electric conductivity σ of the composites all increase, while the impedance decreases. In the frequency range tested, the more the carbon black content, the higher the ε_r value. The planar electromechanical coupling coefficient K_p, the thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient K_t and the mechanical quality factor Q_m are almost unaffected by the carbon black content.     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of manganese‐modified PbHfO3–PbTiO3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ternary ceramics with morphotropic phase boundary compositions

High piezoelectric and electromechanical properties were reported in the PbHfO₃–PbTiO₃–Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ ternary system with morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) compositions. This work focuses on the effect of MnO₂ addition on 0.8Pb(Hf_0.443Ti_0.557)O₃–0.2PMN (0.8PHT–0.2PMN) ceramics. It was observed that the Mn acceptor modification induced a “hardening” effect in 0.8PHT–0.2PMN, with decreased piezoelectric coefficients d₃₃ and dielectric loss tan δ and a significantly increased mechanical quality factor Q_m. Moreover, the 0.2 wt% MnO₂‐doped 0.8PHT–0.2PMN ceramics exhibited good piezoelectric and electromechanical properties with d₃₃, planar electromechanical coupling k_p and Q_m being on the order of 360 pC/N, 61% and 700, respectively, showing advantages compared to those of commercial hard PZT4 ceramics, which is attractive for high power applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

锰掺杂对Ba(Zr,Ti)O3陶瓷压电与介电性能的影响

采用氧化物固相反应法制备了锰掺杂改性的Ba(Zr_0.06Ti_0.94)O₃陶瓷.研究了锰的掺杂量对Ba(Zr_0.06Ti_0.94)Mn_xO₃ (BZTM)陶瓷的结构、介电和压电性能的影响.实验发现,当锰含量x<0.5 mol%时进入晶格,使材料压电性能提高,损耗减小,表现出受主掺杂的特性;当锰含量x>0.5 mo 关键词： Ba(Zr 3 陶瓷')" href="#">Ti)O₃ 陶瓷 锰掺杂 介电性能 压电性能