条件概率中的“条件”与事件发生的“条件”的关系剖析

在解答条件概率问题的过程中,厘清条件概率中的“条件”与事件发生的“条件”是关键一环,解题者往往对条件概率中的“条件”与事件发生的“条件”之间的关系分析不到位,认识不明晰,导致问题的关系不清,解答产生意想不到的错误．下文对条件概率中的“条件”与事件发生的“条件”的常见关系举例剖析,供读者参考．     

隐含条件:审题教学的一项重要任务

数学问题的条件,一般有显性条件和隐含条件之分.所谓显性条件,就是文本或图形直接给予的条件,这类条件一读就能发现;而隐含条件则隐藏于题目的文本与图形之中,需要对题中的已知条件进行深度解读、开发,才能发现.直观、明显是显性条件的特点,所以对这类条件的教学往往是教师审题教学的主要内容.而隐含条件的内隐性往往使其在审题教学中被边缘化,成为陪衬,这样的审题教学生态显然是失衡的.笔者认为,审题教学不仅要重视显性条件分析,还应关注隐含条件的剖析,要将其放在培养和发展学生审题能力的高度上加以     

条件独立性与条件回归独立性

引入随机变量条件独立、强条件回归独立、逐对条件回归独立、连续条件回归独立、邻对条件回归独立、累积条件回归独立诸定义,证明它们之间的等价关系.     

有限Boole语义中公式的条件随机真度

基于条件概率的思想,利用赋值集的随机化方法,在有限Boole语义中引入公式的条件随机真度,证明了条件随机真度的MP规则和HS规则。引入公式间的条件相似度和条件伪距离,建立了条件随机逻辑度量空间,证明了条件随机逻辑度量空间中逻辑运算的连续性,并初步研究了给定条件下的近似推理理论。     

n值G?del命题逻辑系统中公式的条件随机真度

基于条件概率的思想,利用赋值集的随机化方法,在n值命题G(o|¨)del逻辑系统中引入公式的条件随机真度,证明了条件随机真度的MP规则和HS规则.引入公式间的条件随机相似度和条件伪距离,建立了条件随机逻辑度量空间,证明了条件随机逻辑度量空间中二元运算的连续性.     

全概率公式的推广

首先给出了普通事件在普通条件和Fuzzy条件下的Fuzzy条件概率及Fuzzy事件在普通条件和Fuzzy条件下的Fuzzy条件概率公式,并通过对普通事件的全概率公式进行推广,得到普通事件和Fuzzy事件分别在普通划分和Fuzzy划分下的全概率公式     

收敛共轭梯度方法参数βk的条件

本文给出确定共轭梯度方法中参数βk范围的两个条件-条件Ⅰ和条件Ⅱ,它们都确保方法的全局收敛．在条件Ⅰ和Gilbert＆Nocedal（1992）引入的性质（*）下及在条件Ⅱ和Wolfe条件下,分别建立了共轭梯度算法的收敛性定理．     

已有降维方法的推广

SAVE,PHD和SIRⅡ已被证明是有效的降维方法,这些方法基于下面的两个假设1线性条件和常数方差条件.但是,常数方差条件非常强.当常数方差不成立时,即使线性条件成立,SAVE,PHD和SIRⅡ经常会找到中心空间之外的方向.通过去掉了常数方差条件,在较弱条件下推广了SAVE,PHD和SIRⅡ从而使得在较弱的条件下,能得到中心空间的正确估计.     

非全局Lipschitz条件下随机延迟微分方程Euler方法的收敛性

大多数随机延迟微分方程数值解的结果是在全局Lipschitz条件下获得的.许多延迟方程不满足全局Lipschitz条件,研究非全局Lipschitz条件下的数值解的性质,具有重要的意义.本文证明了漂移系数满足单边Lipschitz条件和多项式增长条件,扩散系数满足全局Lipschitz条件的一类随机延迟微分方程的Eul...     

一类有不动点性的Banach空间

本文研究弱一致Opial条件的性质；弱一致Opial条件与弱一致Opial条件的对偶性；证明当对偶空间有弱一致Opial条件时该Banach空间具有不动点性．     

Necessary Condition for a Strong Relative Minimum for Singular Optimal Control

A necessary condition is developed for a strong relative minimum for a first-order singular optimal control. It is shown that the strong condition is identical with the existing weak condition, namely, the generalized Legendre-Clebsch condition. It is conjectured that the strong condition for a second-order singular control will be the same as the corresponding weak condition.     

A new constraint qualification condition

We introduce a new constraint qualification condition in mathematical programming which encompasses the Mangasarian-Fromovitz's condition and the constant rank condition of Janin. Contrarily to the Mangasarian-Fromovitz's condition, our condition is still satisfied when one translates equalities as double inequalities. It relies on the fact that linearization stability is easier to check with equalities than with inequalities.     

Characterizations by Automorphism Groups of Some Rank 3 Buildings, III. Moufang-Like Conditions

In this paper, we introduce the root-Moufang condition and the p-adic Moufang condition. We show that affine buildings of type Ã2 satisfying the root-Moufang condition are Bruhat–Tits buildings. Also, every rank 3 affine building satisfying the p-adic Moufang condition is a Bruhat-Tits building. We motivate the introduction of the new conditions by showing that all Bruhat– Tits Ã2-buildings satisfy the root-Moufang condition, and that the Ã2-buildings over a p-adic field also satisfy the p-adic Moufang condition. Another application of the p-adic Moufang condition is given in Part IV of this paper.     

用条件(Pw)刻画的幺半群

本文引入了条件（P_w）,讨论了条件（P_w）与条件（P）、条件（P_E）之间的关系,刻画了幺半群上S-系的平坦性.     

KKT系统结构条件数与条件数的比较

本文讨论Karush-Kuhn_Tucker(KKT)系统的条件数．首先利用单参数展开方法建立了Byers型不等式,然后讨论结构条件数与条件数的定性比较,结果表明,在极端情形,条件数与结构条件数之比可以任意大．     

一类拟线性椭圆方程组非平凡解的存在性

首先证明了一个抽象的紧性定理,然后借此定理证明了对应于一类拟线性椭圆方程组的泛函在比Boccardo和De．Figueiredo(2002)的条件更弱的条件(文中记为弱类(AR)条件)下满足(C)条件,并利用山路引理证明了这类拟线性椭圆方程组非平凡解的存在性,最后举出两个例子验证了文中所给条件(即弱类(AR)条件)的确比Boccardo和De．Figueiredo(2002)的条件弱．     

关于模糊拟阵的独立子集套和独立集函数

本文的研究方法主要是将模糊拟阵问题转化为普通拟阵问题来研究的方法。本文首先建立独立子集套概念,并使用这个概念和独立集函数概念构建了闭模糊拟阵的充要条件和模糊独立集的充要条件;然后,本文仔细分析了模糊基的性质,找到了一个使用独立子集套和独立集函数来描述的模糊基的充要条件;最后,利用模糊基的这个充要条件提出并证明了闭正规模糊拟阵的充要条件。     

A sufficient condition and a necessary condition for the diffusion approximations of multiclass queueing networks under priority service disciplines

We establish a sufficient condition for the existence of the (conventional) diffusion approximation for multiclass queueing networks under priority service disciplines. The sufficient condition relates to a sufficient condition for the weak stability of the fluid networks that correspond to the queueing networks under consideration. In addition, we establish a necessary condition for the network to have a continuous diffusion limit; the necessary condition is to require a reflection matrix (of dimension equal to the number of stations) to be completely-S. When applied to some examples, including generalized Jackson networks, single station multiclass queues, first-buffer-first-served re-entrant lines, a two-station Dai–Wang network and a three-station Dumas network, the sufficient condition coincides with the necessary condition.     

On global quadratic growth condition for min-max optimization problems with quadratic functions

Second-order sufficient condition and quadratic growth condition play important roles both in sensitivity and stability analysis and in numerical analysis for optimization problems. In this article, we concentrate on the global quadratic growth condition and study its relations with global second-order sufficient conditions for min-max optimization problems with quadratic functions. In general, the global second-order sufficient condition implies the global quadratic growth condition. In the case of two quadratic functions involved, we have the equivalence of the two conditions.     

Topological and metrical conditions for Collet-Eckmann unimodal maps

1. IntroductionColletEchazann maps (i.e. every ColletEckmann maP has positive lower LyaPunovexponent at the critical value) play a very important role in the study of one dimensionaldynamical systems. They have very good metricaI and ergodic properties[ll2], for example,every COllet-Eckmann map admits an absolutely cootinuous invariani m.asur.[1].In I3,4] Benedicks and Carleson proved that Collet-Eckmann maps are abundant in theso-caJled quadratic family which is a typical family of one …