关于短区间的并集中Woods问题的一个推广

本文利用不完全Kloosterman和的估计来研究短区间的并集中Woods问题的一个推广,并且给出了渐近公式.具体来讲,设p是奇素数,1≤H≤p,实数δ满足0δ≤1,并设I~((j))(1≤j≤J)是(0,p)的互不相交的子区间,满足H/2≤|I(j)|≤H.定义I=U_(j=1)~JI~((j)),以及A(δ,p)={a∈Z:1≤a,a瓦≤p-1,|a-a|δp},其中瓦是a关于模p的乘法逆,满足aa≡1(mod p).设x是模p的Dirichlet非主特征.本文证明了Σx∈Ix∈A(δ,p)1=1/p∫_0~(|δ,p|)((Σx∈Ix≤p-1-t)1+(Σx∈Ix≥t+1)1)dt+O(J~(1/2)P~(1/2)logHlog~2p),以及Σx∈Ix∈A(δ,p)X(x)《J~(1/2)P~(1/2)logHlog~2p.     

数学竞赛之窗

本期给出 2 0 0 4年美国数学奥林匹克的试题与解答 ,由上海中学冯志刚老师与林运成同学提供 .第 33届美国数学奥林匹克(第一天　 2 0 0 4年 4月 2 7日 )1　设ABCD是一个有内切圆为凸四边形 ,它的每个内角和外角都不小于 6 0° .证明 :13|AB3 -AD3 |≤ |BC3 -CD3 |≤ 3|AB3 -AD3 | .等号何时成立 ?2　设a1,a2 ,… ,an 是整数 ,它们的最大公约数等于1.设S是具有下述性质的一个由整数组成的集合 :1)ai∈S ,i=1,2 ,… ,n ;2 )ai-aj∈S ,1≤i,j≤n (i,j可以相同 ) ;3)对任意整数x ,y∈S ,若x +y∈S ,则x -y∈S .证明 :S等于由所有整数…     

共轭Bochner—Riesz平均在H~p上的弱型估计

设K(x)=P(x/|x|)|x|~(-n)为一球调和核,P(x)为一m次齐次调和多项式。f(x)在R~n上的δ阶共轭Bochner-Riesz平均记为 (_(1/ε)~δf)(x)=∫_(|t|<1/ε)(t)(t)(1-|εt|~2)~δe~(iαt)dt.作者在本文中得到如下的弱型估计: |{x∈R~n:sup ε>0|(_(1/ε)~δf)(x)-_ε(x)|>λ}|≤C(‖f‖_(H~p)/λ)~p,此处δ=(n/p)-(n 2)/2,n/(n 1)≤p<1,f∈H~p(R~n),以及 _ε(x)=(2π)~(-n)∫_(|y|>ε)f(x-y)K(y)dy 。设f∈L(R~n),其δ阶的Bochner-Riesz平均为 (σ_(1/ε)~δf)(x)=∫_(|t|<1/ε)(t)(1-|εt|~2)~δe~(iαt)dt.     

二、幂函数、指数函数和对数函数

1.已知全集I={实数对(x,y)},集合A={(x,y)|(y-4)/(x-2)=3},B={(x,y)|y==3x-2},求A∩B。 2.设全集I={2,4,a~2-a+1}及集合A={a+1,2},A={7},求实数a。 3.设集合A={(x,y)|x∈Z,y∈N,x+y,<3},集合B={0,1,2},从A到B的对应法则f:(x,y)→x+y,试画出对应图,判断这个对应是不是映射? 4.已知集合A={x|x∈R},B={y|y∈R},从A到B的对应法则f:x→y=tg2x,(1)求A的元素arctg2的象;(2)求B里元素5的原象;(3)上述对应f是否一一映射?为什么? 5.已知函数y=2/3(9-x~2)~(1/2)(-3≤x≤0),求它     

关于丢番图方程x~p-y~p=z~2

Terjanian在1977年曾经证明不定方程 p是奇素数 (1)如果有整数解,则2p|x或2p|y。 本文证明了以下结果: 1. 设y=2(mod 4),则不定方程 x~p-y~p=z~2,(x,y)=1,p>3是素数 (2)没有整数解。 2. 设y=4(mod 8),则(2)没有整数解。 3. 如果(1)有整数解,p>3,则8p|x或8p|y。这是Terjanian的结果的改进。     

高中数学综合练习题(二)

一、选择题: 1.若实数x满足log_3x≤1-coso,则|x-1| |x-9|的值是( )。 (A)-8;(B)8;(C)与o有关;(D)以上答案都不对。 2.若x∈R,则(1-|X|)(1 x)是正数的充要条件是( )。 (A)|x|<1;(B)x<1;(C)x<-1;(D)X<-1或-1相似文献   

2006年高考数学安徽卷

一、选择题:共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.1.复数1+3i3-i等于A.i B.-i C.3+i D.3-i2.设集合A={x||x-2|≤2,x∈R},B={y|y=-x2,-1≤x≤2},则R(A∩B)等于A.RB.{x|x∈R,x≠0}C.{0}D.3.若抛物线y2=2px的焦点与椭圆x62+y22=1的右焦点重合,则p的值为A.-2B.2C.-4D.44.设a,b∈R,已知命题p∶a=b;命题q∶(a2+b)2≤a22+b2,则p是q成立的A.必要不充分条件B.充分不必要条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件5.函数y=2x,x≥0,-x2,x<0的反函数是A.y=x2,x≥0-x,x<0B.2x,x≥0-x,x<0C.y=x2,x≥0--x,x<0D.2x,x≥0--x,x<0第(6)题图6.将函数y=sinωx(…     

图有含(或不含)特殊边的[a,b]-因子的邻域条件

设G是一个n阶图.设1≤a＜b是整数.设H1和H2是G的任意两个边不交子图,它们分别具有m1和m5条边,以及δ(G)表示最小度.证明了若δ(G)≥a+m 2,n≥2(d+b-m2)(a+b-m1-1)/(b-m1),a≤b-(m1+m2),并且|NG(x)UNG(y)|≥an/(d+b-m1)+2m2对任意两个不相邻的顶点x和y成立,那么G有[a,b]-因子F使得F含有H1的边并不含H3的边.     

A NOTE ON SINGULAR INTEGRALS WITH DOMINATING MIXED SMOOTHNESS IN TRIEBEL-LIZORKIN SPACES

Let h be a measurable function defined on R+×R+. LetΩ∈ L(log L+)νq(Sn1-1×Sn2-1)(1 ≤νq≤ 2) be homogeneous of degree zero and satisfy certain cancellation conditions. We show that the singular integral T f(x1, x2) = p. v.∫ Rn1+n2Ω(y′1, y′2)h(|y1|, |y2|)|y1|n1|y2|n2f(x1- y1, x2- y2)dy1dy2maps from Sα1, α2p, q˙F(Rn1× Rn2) boundedly to itself for 1 p, q ∞, α1, α2 ∈ R.     

环的交换性定理

本文证明了: 定理1 设R是有左单位元e的结合环的而N为其诣零元集合,如果R中恒有。(i) x~(n(x))-x∈N x∈R此处n(x)是大于1的依赖于x的整数;(ii) x≡y(mod N)就导致x~i=y~i x~j=y~j i=i(x,y) j=j(x,y) (i,j)=1是与x,y有关的大于2的整数或者x,y与N中每一元都可交换。则R为交换环. 定理2 若R是kothe半单环,a,b∈R,存在k≥m=m(a,b)≥1;l≥n=n(a,b)》1使得[(ab)~m(ba)~n]∈Z(R)且R之特征为p(素数),则R为交换环。     

Multiple Positive Solutions for a Nonlinear Elliptic Equation Involving Hardy–Sobolev–Maz'ya Term

In this paper, we study the existence and nonexistence of multiple positive solutions for the following problem involving Hardy–Sobolev–Maz'ya term:-Δu- λu/|y|2=|u|pt-1u/|y|t+ μf(x), x ∈Ω,where Ω is a bounded domain in RN(N ≥ 2), 0 ∈Ω, x =(y, z) ∈ Rk× RN-kand pt =N +2-2t N-2(0 ≤ t ≤2). For f(x) ∈ C1(Ω)\{0}, we show that there exists a constant μ* 0 such that the problem possessesat least two positive solutions if μ∈(0, μ*) and at least one positive solution if μ = μ*. Furthermore,there are no positive solutions if μ∈(μ*, +∞).     

Terence Tao的一个问题

解决了Terence Tao提出的一个问题.证明了:设K≥2,N充分大,L_N为{-KN,…,KN}的任意子集,|L_N|=K.那么在[N,(1+1/K)N]中至少存在C_K N/(log N)个素数p,使得|kp+ja~i+l|为合数,其中1≤a,|j|,k≤K,1≤i≤K log N,l∈L_N,ja~i+l≠0,常数C_K0与K有关.     

广义Davey-Stewartson系统驻波的强不稳定性

本文研究方程驻波的强不稳定性iu_t+△u+a|u|~(p-1)u+E_1(|u|~2)u=0,t≥0,x∈R~n,其中a0,1p(n+2)/(n+2)~+,n∈{2,3}.当1+4/n≤pn+2/(n-2)~+)时,文[Sharp threshold of global existence and instability of standing wave for a Davey-Stewartson system,Commun.Math.Phys.,2008,283:93-125]在驻波的频率满足一定假设条件下,证明了此方程驻波的强不稳定性.本文去掉这个假设,得到相同的结论.     

Gaussian fluctuations of eigenvalues in log-gas ensemble: Bulk case I

We study the central limit theorem of the k-th eigenvalue of a random matrix in the log-gas ensemble with an external potential V = q2mx2 m. More precisely, let Pn(d H) = Cne-nTrV(H)dH be the distribution of n × n Hermitian random matrices, ρV(x)dx the equilibrium measure, where Cnis a normalization constant, V(x) = q2mx2m with q2m=Γ(m)Γ(12)/Γ(2m+1/2), and m ≥ 1. Let x1 ≤···≤ xnbe the eigenvalues of H. Let k := k(n) be such that k(n)/n∈ [a, 1- a] for n large enough, where a ∈(0,12).Define G(s) :=∫s-1ρV(x)dx,- 1 ≤ s ≤ 1,and set t := G-1(k/n). We prove that, as n →∞,xk- t log n1/2 2π21/2nρV(t)→ N(0, 1)in distribution. Multi-dimensional central limit theorem is also proved. Our results can be viewed as natural extensions of the bulk central limit theorems for GUE ensemble established by J. Gustavsson in 2005.     

素变量混合幂丢番图逼近

设λ_1,λ_2,λ_3,λ_4为不全为负的非零实数,λ_1/λ_2是无理数和代数数.■是具有良好间隔的序列,δ>0.本文证明了:对于任意ε>0及v∈■,v≤X,使得不等式|λ_1p_1~2+λ_2p_2~2+λ_3p_3~3+λ_4p_4~3-v|相似文献   

Justification of a Perturbation Approximation of the Klein–Gordon Equation

Consider the nonlinear wave equation
u_tt − γ ² u_xx + f(u) = 0
with the initial conditions
u ( x ,0) = εφ ( x ), u _t( x ,0) = εψ ( x ),
where f ( u ) is either of the form f ( u )= c ² u −σ u ^{2 s +1}, s =1, 2,…, or an odd smooth function with f '(0)>0 and | f '( u )|≤ C ₀².The initial data φ( x )∈ C ² and ψ( x )∈ C ¹ are odd periodic functions that have the same period. We establish the global existence and uniqueness of the solution u ( x ,  t ; ɛ), and prove its boundedness in x ∈ R and t >0 for all sufficiently small ɛ>0. Furthermore, we show that the error between the solution u ( x ,  t ; ɛ) and the leading term approximation obtained by the multiple scale method is of the order ɛ³ uniformly for x ∈ R and 0≤ t ≤ T /ɛ², as long as ɛ is sufficiently small, T being an arbitrary positive number.     

振荡超奇性Hilbert变换的Sobolev有界性

主要研究R~n上沿曲线Γ(t)=(t~(p_1),t~(p_2),…,t~(p_n))的振荡超奇性Hilbert变换H_(n,α,β)=∫_0~1 f(x-Γ(t))e~(it-β)t~(-1-α),在Sobolev空间上的有界性,其中0p_1P_2…P_n,αβ0.证明了对于0γ(nα)/((n+1))(p_1+α),当|1/p-1/2|(β-(n+1)[α-(β+p_1)γ])/(2β)时,H_(n,α,β)是从L_γ~2(R~n))到L~2(R~n)的有界算子.特别地,当β≥(α-γp_1)/(γ+1/(n+1))等时,H_(n,α,β)是从L_γ~2(R~n)到L~2(R~n)的有界算子·     

The fractional metric dimension of permutation graphs

Let G =(V(G), E(G)) be a graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). For two distinct vertices x and y of a graph G, let RG{x, y} denote the set of vertices z such that the distance from x to z is not equa l to the distance from y to z in G. For a function g defined on V(G) and for U■V(G), let g(U) =∑s∈Ug(s). A real-valued function g : V(G) → [0, 1] is a resolving function of G if g(RG{x, y}) ≥ 1 for any two distinct vertices x, y ∈ V(G). The fractional metric dimension dimf(G)of a graph G is min{g(V(G)) : g is a resolving function of G}. Let G1 and G2 be disjoint copies of a graph G, and let σ : V(G1) → V(G2) be a bijection. Then, a permutation graph Gσ =(V, E) has the vertex set V = V(G1) ∪ V(G2) and the edge set E = E(G1) ∪ E(G2) ∪ {uv | v = σ(u)}. First,we determine dimf(T) for any tree T. We show that 1 dimf(Gσ) ≤1/2(|V(G)| + |S(G)|) for any connected graph G of order at least 3, where S(G) denotes the set of support vertices of G. We also show that, for any ε 0, there exists a permutation graph Gσ such that dimf(Gσ)- 1 ε. We give examples showing that neither is there a function h1 such that dimf(G) h1(dimf(Gσ)) for all pairs(G, σ), nor is there a function h2 such that h2(dimf(G)) dimf(Gσ) for all pairs(G, σ). Furthermore,we investigate dimf(Gσ) when G is a complete k-partite graph or a cycle.     

玛欣凯维奇函数与泊松核的一个新微分性质

将Stein[On the functions of Littlewood-Paley,Lusin,and Marcinkiewicz,Trans.Amer.Math.Soc.,1958,88:430-466]中的玛欣凯维奇函数的逆向不等式推广到一般情形.主要结果是对于n-维欧几里得空间k-阶球面调和函数空间的任意一基底,得到玛欣凯维奇函数的一般性的逆向不等式,即存在不依赖于函数f正常数C_p,使得||f||_p≤C_pΣ_(j=1)~N=1||μ_j(f)||_p,其中{μ_j(f)}_(j=1)~N是f的由这些球面调和函数生成的玛欣凯维奇函数.此外,对于任意的n-变元的k-阶调和多项式Q(x)以及泊松核P_t(x),有Q(D)P_t(x)=C_n k(tQ(x))/((|x|)~2+t~2~(n+2k+1)/2).     

一类积分方程组正解的对称性和单调性

本文讨论积分方程组（？）解的性质,其中G_α是α阶贝塞尔位势核,0≤β〈α（n-α＋β）/n,1/（q＋1）＋1/（r＋1）〉（n-α＋β）/n,1/（r＋1）＋1/（p＋1）〉（n-α＋β）/n.我们用积分形式的移动平面法证明上述积分方程组的正解是径向对称且单调的.