基于病例队列数据的比例风险模型的诊断

病例队列设计是一种在生存分析中广泛应用的可以降低成本又能提高效率的抽样方法.对于病例队列数据,已经有很多统计方法基于比例风险模型来估计协变量对生存时间的影响.然而,很少有工作基于病例队列数据来检验模型的假设是否成立.在这篇文章中,我们基于渐近的零均的值随机过程提出了一类检验统计量,这类检验统计量可以基于病例队列数据来检验比例风险模型的假设是否成立.我们通过重抽样的方法来逼近上述检验统计量的渐近分布,通过数值模拟来研究所提方法在有限样本下的表现,最后将所提出的方法应用于一个国家肾母细胞瘤研究的真实数据集上.     

病例-队列设计下长度偏差数据的比例均值剩余寿命模型的统计推断

在大型队列研究中,病例-队列设计是一种可以有效节约成本的试验设计方法.本文研究了在病例-队列设计下,基于长度偏差数据的比例均值剩余寿命模型的统计推断问题,提出了一种带有时间相依权重的加权混合估计方程方法来估计模型中的回归系数,并证明了在适当条件下,所得到的估计量具有相合性与渐近正态性.模拟结果表明本文所提出的方法在有限样本下的表现不错.最后,我们将所提出的方法应用到了一组实际数据中.     

病例队列研究下带约束的Cox模型中参数的一种加权估计方法

许多大型队列研究的主要预算和成本通常来自昂贵的关键协变量的采集与测量.在有限的预算或者时间下,观测大型队列中所有研究对象的昂贵协变量往往是不可行和低效的.因此,研究人员一直致力于寻找和使用能节约成本并能达到预设效率的抽样设计方法.对于生存数据,病例队列设计正是这样一种具有成本效益的有偏抽样机制.进一步,在病例队列研究中,为了利用更多的数据先验信息来提高研究的效率,可以在统计建模过程中对模型参数进行合理的假设和约束.本文研究病例队列设计下带约束的Cox模型中参数的估计方法.我们提出了一种加权约束估计的方法,并建立了所提出估计的渐近理论.发展了一种新的约束MM算法来实现所提出的加权约束估计的数值计算.通过统计模拟研究评估了所提出方法在有限样本量下的表现.分析了一个肾母细胞瘤的实际数据来展示所提出方法的实际应用价值.     

基于分组数据的回归系数的估计

本文讨论了如何去解决基于分组数据下的回归系数的估计问题.本文所讨论的基于分组数据下的回归模型与经典回归模型的差异在于因变量的观测值为分组数据,即我们只知道它落于事先确定的一组区间中的某一区间,而不知道它的具体值;而经典回归模型的因变量观测值则是一个确定的数值.我们用MLE去估计回归系数,但是此时的MLE无显式解,所以寻找一个合适的迭代算法就成了问题的关键.我们选择利用Bayes计算方法中的EM算法来获得估计量的迭代公式.随机模拟显示了所得估计的有效性.     

多元统计分析(Ⅷ)

ξ7.多因变量逐步回归 多元回归分析是多元统计中应用最广的方法.“多元”可以理解为多个自变元(只有一个因变元),也可以理解为自变量和因变量都是多个的情形.鉴于只有一个因变量的多元回归己众所周知,因此本节的重点是讨论含有多个因变量的回归及其逐步算法 7.1多因变量回归分析 1.模型 设x1,…,xp是p是自变量,y1,…,yq是q个因变量,并有如下的线性关系:其中εj是随机误差,βij是回归系数.回归分析问题是根据变量x与y的n次已知观测数据去估计回归系数,并对回归系数作统计检验等等. 在回归模型中,随机误差总假设没有系统偏差,即均值为零,所以…     

纵向数据的有效秩推断基于修正的Cholesky分解

本文基于修正的Cholesky分解提出新的方法估计纵向秩回归的组内协方差矩阵,进而提出新的无偏估计函数改善不平衡纵向数据的估计效率.在一些正则条件下,建立了所提估计的渐近正态性.进一步,提出稳健的秩得分检验统计量对回归系数做假设检验.模拟研究和实证分析表明所提方法能够获得高度有效的估计以及所提检验方法比存在的方法更好.     

多个Panel数据模型回归系数的参数Bootstrap检验

对多个只含有个体效应的Panel数据模型,研究了模型中回归系数向量相等性的假设检验问题,提出了一种参数Bootstrap检验方法.有限样本的数值模拟研究结果表明,提出的检验方法具有良好.的检验功效,且受个体效应方差、误差方差、模型个数、回归系数维数的影响不明显.     

纵向数据部分线性测量误差模型的二次推断函数估计

基于纵向数据部分线性测量误差模型, 研究了模型中兴趣参数部分回归系数的估计问题. 首先采用B样条方法逼近模型中的非参数函数, 然后提出修正的二次推断函数(QIF)方法对模型中参数部分的回归系数进行估计, 所提方法可以提高估计的效率. 在一定的正则条件下, 证明了所得到的估计量具有相合性和渐近正态性. 最后, 通过模拟研究和实例分析验证了所提出估计方法的有限大样本性质.     

基于Gibbs抽样算法的贝叶斯动态面板数据模型分析

针对现有动态面板数据分析中存在偶发参数和没有考虑模型参数的不确定性风险问题,提出了基于Gibbs抽样算法的贝叶斯随机系数动态面板数据模型.假设初始值服从平稳分布,自回归系数服从Logit正态分布的条件下,设计了Markov链Monte Carlo数值计算程序,得到了模型参数的贝叶斯估计值.实证研究结果表明:基于Gibb...     

合成氨煤气炉DCS数据建模与统计分析

利用相关系数阵的条件数研究影响煤气炉上部温度的各影响因素之间的复共线性,利用对数回归方法建立煤气炉上部温度与各影响因素之间的线性回归模型。经检验回归方程与回归系数均具有良好的显著性.所建模型对改善炉况,保持生产过程持续稳定具有现实指导意义。     

Semiparametric empirical likelihood estimation for two-stage outcome-dependent sampling under the frame of generalized linear models

Epidemiologic studies use outcome-dependent sampling （ODS） schemes where, in addition to a simple random sample, there are also a number of supplement samples that are collected based on outcome variable. ODS scheme is a cost-effective way to improve study efficiency. We develop a maximum semiparametric empirical likelihood estimation （MSELE） for data from a two-stage ODS scheme under the assumption that given covariate, the outcome follows a general linear model. The information of both validation samples and nonvalidation samples are used. What is more, we prove the asymptotic properties of the proposed MSELE.     

面板数据交互固定效应模型的方差分量检验

研究了面板数据交互固定效应模型中方差分量的检验问题.首先依据模型中误差项的估计构造辅助回归模型,然后根据该辅助回归构造检验统计量,对模型中的异方差性进行检验.进一步,通过构造不同的辅助回归模型和检验统计量可以判别异方差的来源.在一定正则条件下,得到了检验统计量在原假设和备择假设下的渐近分布,并说明所提出的检验方法不依赖于误差分布.最后,通过模拟研究对本文的检验方法进行评价,说明所提检验方法是有效的.     

GARCH模型参数变化的残量检验

本文研究GARCH模型参数变化的检验问题. 给出残量累积和统计量, 在原假设下得到了统计量的极限分布; 模拟结果表明残量检验可以弥补Kim, Cho和Lee (2000)\ucite{1}提出的平方累积和检验的某些不足, 比如经验势函数值过低的问题.     

Testing for linearity

A nonparametric large sample test is proposed for testing the linearity of a regression model with independent and identically distributed errors satisfying only a very mild tail condition. The statistic is based on the functional least squares estimator of the slope vector. The test is applied to the stack loss data.     

Testing the Heteroscedasticity in Single-Index Model

In the additive regression models, the single-index model is considered commonly for high dimensional regression analysis. The specification of this model that it is more flexible compared with a parametric model, and it avoids the curse of dimensionality because the single-index reduces the dimensionality of a standard variable vector (x in the multi-regression) to a univariate index (\beta^\T X in the single-index model). In this paper, we developed a single-index regression model with a functional errors' term that serves in checking the heteroscedasticity. Since the efficient inference of a regression model demands that heteroscedasticity is regarded when it exists, this paper presents the assumptions of testing variance constancy in single-index models. The test statistic is assessing the variance homogeneity stated as a combination of Levene's test and the theories of ANOVA for the infinite factor levels. The test statistic in the simulation studies displays appropriately in all situations compared to a well-known method and applies to a real dataset.     

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??In the additive regression models, the single-index model is considered commonly for high dimensional regression analysis. The specification of this model that it is more flexible compared with a parametric model, and it avoids the curse of dimensionality because the single-index reduces the dimensionality of a standard variable vector (x in the multi-regression) to a univariate index (\beta^\T X in the single-index model). In this paper, we developed a single-index regression model with a functional errors' term that serves in checking the heteroscedasticity. Since the efficient inference of a regression model demands that heteroscedasticity is regarded when it exists, this paper presents the assumptions of testing variance constancy in single-index models. The test statistic is assessing the variance homogeneity stated as a combination of Levene's test and the theories of ANOVA for the infinite factor levels. The test statistic in the simulation studies displays appropriately in all situations compared to a well-known method and applies to a real dataset.     

Statistical inference methods and applications of outcome-dependent sampling designs under generalized linear models

A cost-effective sampling design is desirable in large cohort studies with a limited budget due to the high cost of measurements of primary exposure variables. The outcome-dependent sampling (ODS) designs enrich the observed sample by oversampling the regions of the underlying population that convey the most information about the exposure-response relationship. The generalized linear models (GLMs) are widely used in many fields, however, much less developments have been done with the GLMs for data from the ODS designs. We study how to fit the GLMs to data obtained by the original ODS design and the two-phase ODS design, respectively. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are derived. A series of simulations are conducted to assess the finite-sample performance of the proposed estimators. Applications to a Wilms tumor study and an air quality study demonstrate the practicability of the proposed methods.     

Normal Linear Regression Models With Recursive Graphical Markov Structure

A multivariate normal statistical model defined by the Markov properties determined by an acyclic digraph admits a recursive factorization of its likelihood function (LF) into the product of conditional LFs, each factor having the form of a classical multivariate linear regression model (≡WMANOVA model). Here these models are extended in a natural way to normal linear regression models whose LFs continue to admit such recursive factorizations, from which maximum likelihood estimators and likelihood ratio (LR) test statistics can be derived by classical linear methods. The central distribution of the LR test statistic for testing one such multivariate normal linear regression model against another is derived, and the relation of these regression models to block-recursive normal linear systems is established. It is shown how a collection of nonnested dependent normal linear regression models (≡Wseemingly unrelated regressions) can be combined into a single multivariate normal linear regression model by imposing a parsimonious set of graphical Markov (≡Wconditional independence) restrictions.     

Empirical likelihood-based inferences for the area under the ROC curve with covariates

In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis,the area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a popular summary index of discriminatory accuracy of a diagnostic test.Incorporating covariates into ROC analysis can improve the diagnostic accuracy of the test.Regression model for the AUC is a tool to evaluate the effects of the covariates on the diagnostic accuracy.In this paper,empirical likelihood (EL) method is proposed for the AUC regression model.For the regression parameter vector,it can be shown that the asymptotic distribution of its EL ratio statistic is a weighted sum of independent chi-square distributions.Confidence regions are constructed for the parameter vector based on the newly developed empirical likelihood theorem,as well as for the covariate-specific AUC.Simulation studies were conducted to compare the relative performance of the proposed EL-based methods with the existing method in AUC regression.Finally,the proposed methods are illustrated with a real data set.     

Design of accelerated life test sampling plans with a nonconstant shape parameter

Accelerated life test sampling plans (ALTSPs) provide information quickly on the lifetime distribution of products by testing them at higher-than-usual stress level to induce early failures and reduce the testing efforts. In the traditional design of ALTSPs for Weibull distribution, it is assumed that the shape parameter remains constant over all stress levels. This paper extends the existing design of ALTSPs to Weibull distribution with a nonconstant shape parameter and presents two types of ALTSPs; time-censored and failure-censored. Optimum ALTSPs which satisfy the producer’s and consumer’s risk requirements and minimize the asymptotic variance of the test statistic for deciding the lot acceptability are obtained. The properties of the proposed ALTSPs and the effects of errors in pre-estimate of the design parameters are also investigated.