双寡头动态定位定价博弈分析

本分析双寡头两阶段动态定位定价策略，首先两个企业同时选择地址，然后进行价格竞争。市场上有两种类型的消费，对企业提供的产品有不同的偏好，每个企业预测它对地址的选择会影响它的需求和竞争密度，给出了使企业利润最大的子博弈精练Nash均衡。     

不完全信息多维Cournot模型及其分析

根据现实中的博弈现象,本文首先提出了多维博弈概念,然后描述了其特征、策略型式,并将Nash均衡扩展为多维Nash均衡．最后,讨论了两个企业关于具有一定替代性的两种产品的不完全信息静态多维Cournot多维博弈模型,并进一步分析得到两个企业对两种产品单独博弈的均衡策略劣于对两种产品多维博弈的均衡策略．     

在消费者偏好不确定下双寡头定位定价博弈

本文通过建立在企业对消费者偏好信息不确定情形下,双寡头企业动态定位、定价博弈模型,研究企业的定位策略、定价策略以及产品差异化问题。证明了该动态博弈存在唯一的子博弈精炼均衡。均衡结果表明,偏好不确定性是一种差异化力量,与消费者偏好信息确定情形相比,企业的不确定性能够提高均衡价格、增加均衡利润。最后,分析了偏好不确定性对社会最优定位和社会最优差异化的影响。     

消费者分布不均匀条件下的具有网络外部性的Hotelling模型

将交通流量分配技术和无穷维变分方法相结合,采用无穷维变分不等式刻画网络产品水平差异的模型,研究了消费者分布不均匀时,具有网络外部性特征的企业进行价格竞争的两阶段完全信息动态博弈问题.得到了厂商价格竞争均衡的存在性条件,分析了产品的网络外部性特征及单位运输成本对两个厂商竞争均衡情况的影响.     

云服务供应链技术创新与动态定价的微分博弈分析

考虑了时间因素对产品技术先进度的影响,引入微分博弈的方法在动态框架下研究云服务产品动态定价及技术创新问题。分别探讨了两种合作研发模式(创新成本分担契约和收益共享契约)下的微分博弈模型及均衡结果。结果表明,技术先进度敏感系数的增加会提高技术创新投入、云产品价格以及云服务供应链各成员利润;对于整个云服务供应链来说,选择低创新成本分担比例或高收益共享比例更加有利;当云服务供应链内部成员意见不一致时,可使用一次性转让合同来协调两方的行为。最后通过数值算例展示了模型的有效性。     

共同治理结构下企业所有权配置的进化博弈分析

本文运用进化博弈论的方法,对有限理性的利益相关者在共同治理结构下参与企业所有权配置并达到纳什均衡的进化博弈过程进行分析,并通过算例说明了这是一个各方相互沟通和反复博弈的动态过程,逐步实现一致性的企业所有权配置的纳什均衡.     

逆向选择与伯川德竞争下两期保险完全分离均衡

多期保险作为单期保险自选机制的一种补充,是一种重要的动态风险分类方法,有利于控制逆向选择风险.在伯川德竞争假设下,研究两期保险完全分离均衡存在的充要条件.首先,建立了两期保险问题的动态博弈模型,然后,通过分析投保人的激励相容约束与个人合理性约束推导出完全分离均衡存在的充要条件,并在直观标准下对均衡结果进行精炼,论证结果表明,这一最优均衡使得信号传递成本达到最小.     

供应链竞争下产品族定制规划博弈模型及分析

在大规模定制下,产品族定制规划不仅需确定各定制产品的性能定位、还需面对市场价格博弈.考虑制造商对市场的依存、及市场对高质量产品的偏好,分别构建了定制规划的一维和多维扩展Hotelling模型,基于模型的推理、计算与分析,首先证明了在一维产品族定制规划下各制造商可实现价格均衡和性能定位均衡;同时,证实质量因素能驱动均衡性能定位向高端转移,并通过价格博弈、促使制造商定制生产更高质量的产品,故从质量角度诠释了市场不断向高端进化的内部机理;其次,证实了多维产品族定制规划博弈仅存在均衡价格数值解、无全局精确解;最后,基于均衡价格数值解的聚类分析,提出博弈结构均衡概念,证实在多维定制规划中存在博弈结构均衡、并以此有效诠释了价格竞争中"价格维持-价格变更"这一价格循环波动现象的内在运作机理.博弈分析及结论将为企业评估、选择恰当的产品族定制规划策略提供有效决策支持.     

多个企业下的多维博弈模型及均衡分析

根据多维博弈理论,建立了多个企业关于同一种产品的广告投入、服务投入和市场价格选择的多维博弈模型,并对其均衡进行分析.分析表明,多个企业在产品广告投入、服务投入和价格选择时,应综合考虑上述三方面来选择最优的策略向量,才能使企业的总利润最大化.     

需求波动及预测信息量对企业定价的影响研究

为了让双寡头企业在市场需求及预测信息不确定情况下更好地作出科学定价决策,建立了两阶段双寡头企业需求-价格模型,通过动态规划方法以及博弈均衡解的运算,得到了在双寡头企业对耐用品市场需求总量的预测结果与市场需求期望值不对称状况下,双寡头企业两阶段最优定价的差异性变化等结论.     

需求信息不对称下供应链中流程与产品创新模式选择研究

在制造商进行流程创新和产品创新的供应链中,当需求预测信息不对称时,研究了零售商的需求信息分享策略以及制造商最优创新模式。利用精炼贝叶斯理论和Stackelberg博弈模型,首先求得了每一种创新模式下信息分享价值、促进需求信息分享的激励机制以及供应链均衡的信息分享策略,其次对两种创新模式下利润进行对比分析。研究发现,在两种创新供应链模型中,当创新效率较高和较低时,零售商自愿分享和不分享需求信息分别是均衡策略;当创新效率处于中间水平时,通过设计一个讨价还价机制可以使零售商分享需求信息成为一个均衡。此外,当消费者对质量(价格)更敏感时,制造商选择产品创新(流程创新)模式可以使供应链成员都获益。     

具有产品质量差异的扩展Hotelling模型

假定两家厂商生产的同种产品具有质量差异,及消费者对产品质量偏好服从[d,e]区间上的均匀分布情况,研究了二次运输成本Hotelling模型:两家厂商首先沿[0,1]线性城市同时选址,然后进行价格竞争.运用后退归纳法得到了子博弈精炼Nash均衡,此时厂商将选址于城市中心。     

Adjustment patterns and equilibrium selection in experimental signaling games

This paper examines the relation between adjustment patterns and equilibrium selection in laboratory experiments with two types of simple signaling games. One type of game has two Nash equilibria, of which only one is sequential. The other type has two sequential equilibria, only one of them satisfying equilibrium dominance. For each type of game, the results show that variations in the payoff structure, which do not change the equilibrium configuration, generate different adjustment patterns. As a consequence, the less refined equilibrium is more frequently observed for some payoff structures, while the more refined equilibrium is more frequently observed in others.     

Complex dynamic properties of Cournot duopoly games with convex and log-concave demand function

A Cournot duopoly game is proposed where the interdependence between firms depends on convex and log-concave demand function. In this paper, a model of two rational firms that are in competition and produce homogeneous commodities is introduced. The equilibrium points of this model are obtained and their dynamical characteristics such as stability, bifurcation and chaos are investigated. Furthermore, a multi-team Cournot game is introduced. Through simulation the dynamical characteristics of the equilibrium points of this game are illustrated.     

Nonlinear duopoly games with positive cost externalities due to spillover effects

A Cournot duopoly game is proposed where the interdependence between the quantity-setting firms is not only related to the selling price, determined by the total production through a given demand function, but also on cost-reduction effects related to the presence of the competitor. Such cost reductions are introduced to model the effects of know-how spillovers, caused by the ability of a firm to take advantage, for free, of the results of competitors' Research and Development (R&D) results, due to the difficulties to protect intellectual properties or to avoid the movements of skilled workers among competing firms. These effects may be particularly important in the modeling of high-tech markets, where costs are mainly related to R&D and workers' training. The results of this paper concern the existence and uniqueness of the Cournot–Nash equilibrium, located at the intersection of non-monotonic reaction curves, and its stability under two different kinds of bounded rationality adjustment mechanisms. The effects of spillovers on the existence of the Nash equilibrium are discussed, as well as their influence on the kind of attractors arising when the Nash equilibrium is unstable. Methods for the global analysis of two-dimensional discrete dynamical systems are used to study the structure of the basins of attraction.     

考虑相互依赖性的信息系统安全投资及协调机制

考虑信息系统安全相互依赖情形下最优化信息系统连续时间安全投资水平是一个值得研究的问题。首先讨论了非合作博弈下信息系统安全投资的最优策略选择,在此基础上讨论了安全投资效率参数、黑客学习能力、传染风险对信息系统脆弱性及信息系统安全投资率的影响。其次,在推导出两企业在合作博弈情形下最优策略选择的基础上,对比两种情形下的博弈均衡结果,得出合作博弈下的投资水平高于非合作博弈下的投资水平。原因是两个企业的相互依赖关系隐含着企业投资的负外部性,从而导致企业投资不足。最后,构建一种双边支付激励机制消除企业投资不足问题,从而使企业达到合作博弈下的最优投资水平,提高两个企业的收益。     

Equilibrium two-part cost structures

We consider an oligopolistic product market in which two competing firms instead of paying a competitive input price choose a two-part tariff. Costs for the input are divided up into upfront fixed costs independent of the output level and reductions in marginal costs. We explore under which competitive settings will such a two-part cost structure correspond to equilibrium behavior in a two stage game. We find that firms in a static model do have an incentive to choose a two-part cost structure when competition in the product market is not too strong and oligopoly rents can be shifted form the rival to the own firm. In a dynamic market when firms use Markov strategies competition is so intense that there are no rents to be shifted and firms do not benefit from two-part cost structures.     

One-to-many non-cooperative matching games

We study a strategic model of wage negotiations between firms and workers. First, we define the stability of an allocation in an environment where firms can employ more than one worker. Secondly, we develop a one-to-many non-cooperative matching game, which is an extension of Kamecke’s one-to-one non-cooperative matching game. The main result shows the equivalence between the stable allocations and the outcomes of the subgame equilibria in the matching game: for any stable allocation in this game there is a subgame perfect equilibrium which induces the allocation on the equilibrium path, and every subgame perfect equilibrium induces a stable allocation on the equilibrium path. Furthermore, as for the existence of a stable allocation, we argue that a stable allocation, as with a subgame perfect equilibrium, does not always exist, but it exists under some conditions, using Kelso and Crawford’s modelling.