树的补图的区间图完全化问题

一个图G的区间图完全化问题包含两类子问题:侧廓问题和路宽问题,分别表示为P(G)和PW(G),其中侧廓问题是寻求G的一个边数最小的区间超图;路宽问题是寻求G的一个团数最小的区间超图.这两类子问题分别在数值代数、VLSI-设计和算法图论等学科领域中有重要的应用.对一般图来说,两类子问题都是NP-完全问题;但是对一些特殊图类来说,它们在多项式时间内可解.本文给出了树T的补图的具体侧廓和路宽值.     

图的扩张与稀疏矩阵计算中的若干优化问题

本文研究从稀疏矩阵计算中提出的若干离散最优化问题,即带宽,树宽,路宽,侧廓,扩充侧廓及填充问题。实际上,它们是一类图扩张问题;这些问题同时来源于各式各样的课题,如图子式理论,VLSI电路设计,互联网络及分子生物学等,本文从图论观点着重讨论两种统一途径：图的标号及图的扩张。     

k-树的补图的最小填充和树宽

一个图的最小填充问题是寻求边数最少的弦母图,一个图的树宽问题是寻求团数最小的弦母图,这两个问题分别在稀疏矩阵计算及图的算法设计中有非常重要的作用．一个k-树G的补图G称为k-补树．本文给出了k-补树G的最小填充数f(G) 及树宽TW(G)．     

弦图的补图的最小填充

从图论观点讲,最小填充问题就是在一个图G中添加边集F,使得图G的母图G F是一个弦图而且所添边的边数| F|是最小的,其中最小值| F|称为图G的填充数,表示为f( G) .对一般图来说,最小填充问题是NP-困难的,但是对一些特殊图类来说,这个问题是在多项式时间内可解的.本文给出了弦图的补图-G的填充数f(-G) .     

基于拉普拉斯谱确定的两类树

设图G是简单连通图.如果任何一个与图G关于拉普拉斯矩阵同谱的图,都与图G同构,称图G可由其拉普拉斯谱确定.定义了树Y_n和树F(2,n,1)两类特殊结构的树.利用同谱图线图的特点,证明了树Y_n和树F(2,n,1)可由其拉普拉斯谱确定.     

序列平行图的最小填充

起源于稀疏矩阵计算和其它应用领域的一个图G的最小填充问题就是在G中寻找一个边数| F |最小的添加边集F,使得G+F是弦图.这里最小值| F |称为图G的填充数,表示为f(G).对一般图来说,这个问题是NP-困难问题.一些特殊图类的最小填充问题已被研究.本文给出了序列平行图G的最小填充数的具体值.     

关于诱导子树与图的色数的一个注记

Gyrfs(1975)和Sumner(1981)分别独立地提出了以下猜想:对于任意的树T,存在一个函数f_T(x)使得每一个色数大于f_T(ω(G))的图均包含T作为诱导子图,其中ω(G)表示图G的团数.Gyrfs等(1980)证明了,若一个图G不含三角形和长为4的圈,则G含有任一个χ(G)个顶点的树作为诱导子图.另外,他们还证明了,若G不含三角形,且χ(G)≥m+n,则G一定包含一个特殊的树(m,n)-mop作为诱导子图.本文推广了Gyrfs等(1980)的这两个结果,证明了(1)若图G的任一个顶点至多含在k个三角形和l个长为4的圈中,且χ(G)≥t+2k+2k,则G包含任一个t个点的树作为诱导子图;(2)若图G中的每一个顶点至多包含在k个三角形中,且不能够诱导出T,则χ(G)m(k+1)+n,其中T为(m,n)-mop.     

包含k-树图的毁裂度条件

连通图G的一个k-树是指图G的一个最大度至多是k的生成树.对于连通图G来说,其毁裂度定义为r(G)=max{ω(G-X)-|X|-m(G-X)|X■V(G),ω(G-X)1}其中ω(G-X)和m(G-X)分别表示G-X中的分支数目和最大分支的阶数.本文结合毁裂度给出连通图G包含一个k-树的充分条件;利用图的结构性质和毁裂度的关系逐步刻画并给出图G包含一个k-树的毁裂度条件.     

树的笛卡儿积的测地数

图G内的任意两点u和υ,u-υ测地线是指u和υ之间的最短路.I(u,υ)表示位于u一υ测地线上所有点的集合,对于子集S∈V(G),I(s)表示所有,(u,υ)的并,这里u,υ∈S.图G的测地数g(G)是使,I(s):V(G)的点集S的最小基数.本文研究了任意连通图G与树T笛卡儿积的测地数的界,同时,给出了任意两个树T1与T2笛卡儿积的测地数和树T与圈C笛卡儿积的测地数.     

图的消去割宽问题

图搜索问题在组合最优化学科中是一个著名的NP-完全问题.现在我们给这个问题一个限制性条件：图中的边在一次性被搜索后立即堵塞,使得这些边在以后的图搜索过程中不再被搜索.该问题起源于流行病的预防、管道的保养和维护等领域. 在这个条件限制下,图搜索问题可以转化为图的消去割宽问题.本文主要研究了图的消去割宽的多项式时间算法、基本性质以及消去割宽和其它图论参数如树宽、路宽的关系,得到了一些特殊图类的消去割宽值.     

完全多部图的区间图完全化问题

The interval graph completion problem of a graph G includes two class problems: the profile problem and the pathwidth problem, denoted as P(G) and PW(G) respectively, where the profile problem is to find an interval supergraph with the smallest possible number of edges; the pathwidth problem is to find an interval supergraph with the smallest possible cliquesize. These two class problems have important applications to numerical algebra, VLSI-layout and algorithm graph theory respectively; And they are known to be NP-complete for general graphs. Some classes of special graphs have been investigated in the literatures. In this paper the exact solutions of the profile and the pathwidth of the complete multipartite Graph Kn1,n2,…,nr(r≥2) are determined.     

On the nullity of a graph with cut-points

Let G be a simple graph of order n and A(G) be its adjacency matrix. The nullity of a graph G, denoted by η(G), is the multiplicity of the eigenvalue zero in the spectrum of A(G). Denote by Ck and Lk the set of all connected graphs with k induced cycles and the set of line graphs of all graphs in Ck, respectively. In 1998, Sciriha [I. Sciriha, On singular line graphs of trees, Congr. Numer. 135 (1998) 73-91] show that the order of every tree whose line graph is singular is even. Then Gutman and Sciriha [I. Gutman, I. Sciriha, On the nullity of line graphs of trees, Discrete Math. 232 (2001) 35-45] show that the nullity set of L0 is {0,1}. In this paper, we investigate the nullity of graphs with cut-points and deduce some concise formulas. Then we generalize Scirihas' result, showing that the order of every graph G is even if such a graph G satisfies that G∈Ck and η(L(G))=k+1, and the nullity set of Lk is {0,1,…,k,k+1} for any given k, where L(G) denotes the line graph of the graph G.     

图的最小控制树问题（英文）

A dominating tree T of a graph G is a subtree of G which contains at least one neighbor of each vertex of G.The minimum dominating tree problem is to find a dominating tree of G with minimum number of vertices,which is an NP-hard problem.This paper studies some polynomially solvable cases,including interval graphs,Halin graphs,special outer-planar graphs and others.     

冠状系统的R-旋转图与(R)-旋转图

冠状系统Hc的R(R)-旋转变换是指对Hc的一个完美匹配M,同时将Hc中所有正常(非正常)M-交错的六边形变换为非正常(正常)M-交错的六边形,从而得到Hc的另一个完美匹配的变换.通过这两种旋转变换可分别建立Hc完美匹配集上的层次结构,分别称为R-旋转图和R-旋转图,记为R(Hc)和R(Hc).已经证明知道R(Hc)是有向森林,其每个分支都为有向根树.首先讨论了冠状系统的Z-变换有向图与其R-旋转图之间的关系,指出按连通分支对这两种图的顶点集进行划分,其结果一样.在此基础上,证明了R(Hc)的任一分支T(有向根树)都对应R(Hc)的一个分支T,且两者的顶点集相同,进而证明了T与(T)具有相同的高度和宽度.     

Path Decomposition of Graphs with Given Path Length

A path decomposition of a graph G is a list of paths such that each edge appears in exactly onepath in the list.G is said to admit a {P_l}-decomposition if G can be decomposed into some copies of P_l,whereP_l is a path of length l-1.Similarly,G is said to admit a {P_l,P_k}=decomposition if G can be decomposed intosome copies of P_l or P_k.An k-cycle,denoted by C_k,is a cycle with k vertices.An odd tree is a tree of which allvertices have odd degree.In this paper,it is shown that a connected graph G admits a {P_3,P_4}-decompositionif and only if G is neither a 3-cycle nor an odd tree.This result includes the related result of Yan,Xu andMutu.Moreover,two polynomial algorithms are given to find {P_3}-decomposition and {P_3,P_4}-decompositionof graphs,respectively.Hence,{P_3}-decomposition problem and {P_3,P_4}-decomposition problem of graphs aresolved completely.     

The Rainbow Vertex-disconnection in Graphs

Let G be a nontrivial connected and vertex-colored graph. A subset X of the vertex set of G is called rainbow if any two vertices in X have distinct colors. The graph G is called rainbow vertex-disconnected if for any two vertices x and y of G, there exists a vertex subset S of G such that when x and y are nonadjacent, S is rainbow and x and y belong to different components of G-S; whereas when x and y are adjacent, S + x or S + y is rainbow and x and y belong to different components of(G-xy)-S. For a connected graph G, the rainbow vertex-disconnection number of G, denoted by rvd(G), is the minimum number of colors that are needed to make G rainbow vertexdisconnected. In this paper, we characterize all graphs of order n with rainbow vertex-disconnection number k for k ∈ {1, 2, n}, and determine the rainbow vertex-disconnection numbers of some special graphs. Moreover, we study the extremal problems on the number of edges of a connected graph G with order n and rvd(G) = k for given integers k and n with 1 ≤ k ≤ n.     

图的区间边着色的收缩图方法

图G的一个用了颜色1,2,…,t的边着色称为区间t-着色,如果所有t种颜色都被用到,并且关联于G的同一个顶点的边上的颜色是各不相同的,且这些颜色构成了一个连续的整数区间.G称作是可区间着色的,如果对某个正整数t,G有一个区间t-着色.所有可区间着色的图构成的集合记作■.对图G∈■,使得G有一个区间t-着色的t的最小值和最大值分别记作ω(G)和W(G).现给出了图的区间着色的收缩图方法.利用此方法,我们对双圈图G∈■,证明了ω(G)=△(G)或△(G)+1,并且完全确定了ω(G)=△(G)及ω(G)=△(G)+1的双圈图类.     

圈的中间图pebbling数和Graham猜想

图G的一个pebbling移动是从一个顶点移走2个pebble, 而把其中的1个pebble移到与其相邻的一个顶点上. 图G 的pebbling数f(G)是最小的正整数n, 使得不论n个pebble 如何放置在G的顶点上, 总可以通过一系列的pebbling移动, 把1个pebble移到图G的任意一个顶点上. 图G 的中间图M(G) 就是在G 的每一条边上插入一个新点, 再把G 上相邻边上的新点用一条边连接起来的图. 对于任意两个连通图G和H, Graham猜测f(G\times H)\leq f(G)f(H). 首先研究了圈的中间图的pebbling 数, 然后讨论了一些圈的中间图满足Graham猜想.     

Extremal Problems on Components and Loops in Graphs

The authors recently defined a new graph invariant denoted by Ω(G) only in terms of a given degree sequence which is also related to the Euler characteristic. It has many important combinatorial applications in graph theory and gives direct information compared to the better known Euler characteristic on the realizability, connectedness, cyclicness, components, chords, loops etc. Many similar classification problems can be solved by means of Ω. All graphs G so that Ω(G) ≤-4 are shown to be disconnected, and if Ω(G) ≥-2, then the graph is potentially connected. It is also shown that if the realization is a connected graph and Ω(G) =-2, then certainly the graph should be a tree.Similarly, it is shown that if the realization is a connected graph G and Ω(G) ≥ 0, then certainly the graph should be cyclic. Also, when Ω(G) ≤-4, the components of the disconnected graph could not all be cyclic and if all the components of G are cyclic, then Ω(G) ≥ 0. In this paper, we study an extremal problem regarding graphs. We find the maximum number of loops for three possible classes of graphs.We also state a result giving the maximum number of components amongst all possible realizations of a given degree sequence.