数学的进步

我们从三个侧面来考察现代数学的进步:1.百年难题的破解,2.研究领域的拓展,3.政府民间的关注.头两个方面来自数学内部,第三方面是外部环境.我们不仅可以从数学发展的历史中吸取力量.还可以从中得到许多启迪.1百年难题的破解关于难题的破解,让我们限于最近30年.第     

测度的微分同测度与单位逼近的卷积的边界渐近性质

文中对通常意义下的核与定义在RN上的有限Borel测度μ作卷积之后得到的u加以讨论,研究了u在边界Arn+1+处的渐近性质.根据μ的对称导数与的性质,得到了同N.A.Watson类似的结果,也就是本文的主要结果.即:当μ为正测度时,u(x,t)(t→0)与μ的对称导数是相互等价的.并由此将N.A.Watson的结果加以推广.     

群的融合自由积的几种广义Fratttini子群

M.K.Azarian将C.Y.Tang的一个引理推广到了下拟Frattini子群的情况,并且还提出了两个公开问题.为了回答这两个问题,进一步研究了群的融合自由积的一些广义Frattini子群,并且得到了一些结果.     

一般形式的密度估计

对于一般形式的核密度估计,我们指出ComposV.S.M.和DoreaC.C.Y.2001年论文中存在的几处错误,且给出了正确的结果及其证明.推广了一些有关文献中关于连续型密度和离散型分布核估计的若干结果.     

连通度量空间的映象

拓扑空间X称为s连通,若X不能表示为两个非空的不相交的序列开集之并.本文纠正了A.Fedeli和A.Le Donne关于连通度量空间映象的错误论证,证明了s连通性可刻画为连通度量空间的连续的序列覆盖映象,从而导出连通的序列空间(或Frechet空间)可刻画为连通度量空间的商映象(或伪开映象),回答了V.V.Tkachuk在Proc.Amer.Math.Soc.上提出的问题.     

涉及平移函数的亚纯函数唯一性定理的一个注记

改进Heittokangas等最近获得的涉及亚纯函数与其平移函数唯一性的一个结果[J.Heit-tokangas,R.Korhonen,I.Laine,J.Rieppo and J.Zhang,Value sharing results for shifts of mero-morphic function and sufficient conditions for periodicity,J.Math.Anal.Appl.,355（2009）：352-363].     

股价最简微分方程,其解及与Black-Scholes模型的假设的相互关系

在系数的某种等价关系条件下,股价的两类数学表达式,一类是基于明确型描述的由类似固体力学方法导出的最简微分方程(S.D.E.)的解,另一类是基于不确定型描述(即统计理论)的Black-Scholes模型的假设(A.B-S.M.),即股价密度函数服从对数正态分布,可以是完全相同的.S.D.E.的解仅适用于股市的常规情形(无利好或利空消息,等),因此,A.B-S.M.的适用范围也相同.     

基于正交规范化的小波的有限差分表示

本文研究了在时域内小波的一种表达形式.利用正交规范化,获得了小波的有限差分表示.不仅该形式构造了任意次B样条正交小波.而且在时域中用来直接获得小波滤波器是有效的.     

一个颇受争议的选择题引起的思考

1题目 (安徽省皖北协作区2011届联考数学试题(理)第5题)函数f(x)=√sinx,x∈[0,π]的图象绕x轴旋转一周得到的旋转体的体积是A.1 B.2 C.π D.2π本次考试结束后,按惯例笔者及时的调查一些学生,了解考试的情况,以便有针对性的试卷讲评.此次调查了8位学生,成绩中等偏上,结果只有两人选对.     

沿着不连通曲面的Heegaard分解的不可稳定化的融合积

Let M be a 3-manifold, F= {F1 , F2 , . . . , Fn } be a collection of essential closed surfaces in M (for any i, j ∈ {1, ..., n}, ifi≠j, Fi is not parallel to Fj and Fi ∩Fj = φ) and0 M be a collection of components of M. Suppose M-UFi ∈FFi×(-1, 1) contains k components M1 , M2 , . . . , Mk . If each M i has a Heegaard splitting ViUSiWi with d(Si) > 4(g(M1 ) + ··· + g(Mk )), then any minimal Heegaard splitting of M relative to 0M is obtained by doing amalgamations and self-amalgamations from minimal Heegaard splittings or -stabilization of minimal Heegaard splittings of M1 , M2 , . . . , Mk .     

ON A THEOREM OF A.A. LYAPUNOV

Abstract

In this note we obtain some extensions and an approximation of the Lyapunov convexity theorem by means of the bilinear integration of a set-valued function. The integration is performed successively with respect to a non-atomic, a direct sum and a Darboux vector measure. The necessary counterexamples are provided.     

A Priori and A Posteriori: A Bootstrapping Relationship

The distinction between a priori and a posteriori knowledge has been the subject of an enormous amount of discussion, but the literature is biased against recognizing the intimate relationship between these forms of knowledge. For instance, it seems to be almost impossible to find a sample of pure a priori or a posteriori knowledge. In this paper, it will be suggested that distinguishing between a priori and a posteriori is more problematic than is often suggested, and that a priori and a posteriori resources are in fact used in parallel. We will define this relationship between a priori and a posteriori knowledge as the bootstrapping relationship. As we will see, this relationship gives us reasons to seek for an altogether novel definition of a priori and a posteriori knowledge. Specifically, we will have to analyse the relationship between a priori knowledge and a priori reasoning, and it will be suggested that the latter serves as a more promising starting point for the analysis of aprioricity. We will also analyse a number of examples from the natural sciences and consider the role of a priori reasoning in these examples. The focus of this paper is the analysis of the concepts of a priori and a posteriori knowledge rather than the epistemic domain of a posteriori and a priori justification.     

有限群的一个类函数的模构造

本文研究了有限群上的一个类函数.通过计算它和不可约特征标的内积,证明了它是特征标并且通过复群代数的中心的正则表示给出了它的一个模构造.     

NAMING A COLUMN ON A SPREADSHEET

Spreadsheets use a meaningful algebra-like notation which, research suggests, can support pupils in developing an understanding of variables. This paper discusses the activity of Year 8 pupils who were taught to name a column on a spreadsheet, and who were asked to reflect upon their activity in a stimulated recall interview. More specifically, it considers the pupils' understanding of notation, such as 'A2' and 'm', which they used when constructing spreadsheet formulae. It is suggested that experience of naming columns may help pupils to develop a clearer sense of the notation as a variable, and to make links between their spreadsheet activity and use of standard algebraic notation [1].     

A REMARK ON A BMO MARTINGALE

Let M = (Mt,Ft) be a uniformly integrable continuous martingale with MO = 0. For1 5 p < cot we setIIMllBMO. = '3p II[E[IMoo ~ MTIplFT]]'/Pll.,where the supremum is taken over all stopping times T.Set BMO. = {M: IIMllBMO. < co}. It is well known that BMO. = BMO, (VI S p 5 q).F'urthermore, all 11.llBMO. norms are equivalent andIIi ~~if;llMllBMO. = SUP T P(T < co)i'where the supremum is taken over all stopping times T satisfying P(T < co) > 0. In the laterwe shall simply …     

A new characterization of A 5

Let G be a group and τ _e (G) the set of numbers of elements of G of the same order. In this paper, by τ _e (G), we give a new characterization of A ₅, where A ₅ is the alternating group of degree 5. We get the theorem following: Theorem. Let G be a group, ${G\cong A_5}$ if and only if τ _e (G) = τ _e (A ₅) = {1, 15, 20, 24}.