广义指数比例风险模型下区间删失数据的贝叶斯估计

本文研究了失效时间服从广义指数分布,且风险率函数为比例风险模型时,II型区间删失数据的贝叶斯估计。假定参数的先验分布为无信息先验,建立贝叶斯层次模型从而得到后验密度函数。通过MH算法得到参数估计值,数值模拟结果验证了所提方法的有效性。最后将所提方法应用到乳腺癌患者和血友病患者这两个实际数据中进行分析。     

线性指数分布的简单贝叶斯估计[英文]

本文利用Kaminskiy和Vasiliy提出的简单贝叶斯估计过程,研究线性指数分布的参数的简单贝叶斯估计.本文的创新之处是利用了核密度估计法和缺一交叉验证法构造概率密度函数.在估计过程中,先验信息可以通过可靠度函数估计的区间形式表示.基于这种先验信息,可以构造线性指数分布参数的连续联合先验分布,并可以给出在任意给定时刻可靠度函数的均值及标准差的后验估计.通过一个数值例子说明这种估计方法.Rayleigh分布是线性指数分布的特殊情况,通过简单贝叶斯估计过程,给出了Rayleigh分布的尺度参数的一种新的先验分布,这个模型的均值可由一个级数逼近.     

中位数回归的贝叶斯变量选择方法

当数据呈现厚尾特征或含有异常值时,基于惩罚最小二乘或似然函数的传统变量选择方法往往表现不佳.本文基于中位数回归和贝叶斯推断方法,研究线性模型的贝叶斯变量选择问题.通过选取回归系数的Spike and Slab先验,利用贝叶斯模型选择理论提出了中位数回归的贝叶斯估计方法,并提出了有效的后验Gibbs抽样程序.大量数值模拟和波士顿房价数据分析充分说明了所提方法的有效性.     

基于空间填充准则的交叉验证方法及其应用

在统计学与机器学习中,交叉验证被广泛应用于评估模型的好坏.但交叉验证法的表现一般不稳定,因此评估时通常需要进行多次交叉验证并通过求均值以提高交叉验证算法的稳定性.文章提出了一种基于空间填充准则改进的k折交叉验证方法,它的思想是每一次划分的训练集和测试集均具有较好的均匀性.模拟结果表明,文章所提方法在五种分类模型(k近邻,决策树,随机森林,支持向量机和Adaboost)上对预测精度的估计均比普通k折交叉验证的高.将所提方法应用于骨质疏松实际数据分析中,根据对预测精度的估计选择了最优的模型进行骨质疏松患者的分类预测.     

基于Copula贝叶斯估计的行业风险差异分析

通过对常替代弹性资本资产定价模型中投资标度问题的分析,提出了Copula贝叶斯估计方法用以获得系统风险β与投资标度比λ的联合后验分布.Copula贝叶斯估计方法针对数据非正态特征及强相关性特征而构建,采用Copula函数取代原有普通贝叶斯估计方法中的正态假设.传统贝叶斯估计方法假设了正态的似然函数,忽略了数据可能存在尖峰后尾等在金融实证数据分析中普遍存在的非正态情况.Copula贝叶斯估计算法采用半相依回归法处理数据的强相关性问题,将原有函数依照数据形式假设为非正态结构.针对来自6个工业产业24组公司数据的系统风险参数β与其对应的投资标度参数比λ进行估计,获得不同行业中系统风险参数与投资标度之间的动态关系并进行分析,为业界投资及相关研究提供有效参考建议.     

逐步Ⅰ型混合截尾下指数-威布尔分布竞争失效模型的统计分析（英文）

本文基于指数-威布尔分布研究逐步Ⅰ型混合截尾竞争失效模型的统计推断问题.根据模型假设和竞争失效数据,推导出未知参数和产品可靠度的极大似然估计;考虑极大似然估计的渐近正态性质,计算出观测Fisher信息阵,从而获得未知参数和可靠度的渐近置信区间.由于贝叶斯后验密度函数不具有封闭形式,利用MCMC方法给出未知参数和可靠度的近似贝叶斯估计以及最大后验密度可信区间.最后通过模拟研究对估计方法作出解释并给出数值结果.结果表明极大似然方法和贝叶斯方法可以对逐步Ⅰ型混合截尾竞争失效模型进行统计推断.     

加速失效时间模型下现状数据的Jackknife模型平均

文章研究了响应变量为现状数据的情况下,加速失效时间模型的Jackknife模型平均方法.首先对数据进行合理的无偏变换,进而得到回归参数的最小二乘估计.然后引入删一交叉验证准则来选取候选模型的权重,并在一定正则性条件下,建立对应模型平均估计量的渐近最优性.此外,数值模拟表明,与现有的其他模型平均和模型选择方法相比,本文所提出的方法在预测上表现更佳.最后将所提方法应用于尼日利亚儿童死亡率的数据进行实证研究,进一步验证了所提方法的优良性质.     

面板数据分位回归中适应性LASSO调节参数的选择

在带有罚函数的变量选择中,调节参数的选择是一个关键性问题,但遗憾的是,在大多数文献中,调节参数选择的方法较为模糊,多凭经验,缺乏系统的理论方法.本文基于含随机效应的面板数据模型,提出分位回归中适应性LASSO调节参数的选择标准惩罚交叉验证准则(PCV),并讨论比较了该准则与其他选择调节参数的准则的效果.通过对不同分位点进行模拟,我们发现当残差E来自尖峰分布和厚尾分布时,该准则能更好地估计模型参数,尤其对于高分位点和低分位点而言.选取其他分位点时,PCV的效果虽稍逊色于Schwarz信息准则,但明显优于A1kaike 信息准则和交叉验证准则.且在选择变量的准确性方面,该准则比Schwarz信息准则、Akaike信息准则等更加有效.文章最后对我国各地区多个宏观经济指标的面板数据进行建模分析,展示了惩罚交叉验证准则的性能,得到了在不同分位点处宏观经济指标之间的回归关系.     

非参数模型的稳健跳点检测估计

非参数模型是统计学中常用的一类模型.在实际应用中,回归函数可能不是连续的,即在某些未知的位置上存在跳点.检测这些跳点对于回归函数的估计非常重要.本文基于B样条和众数估计,提出一个稳健跳点检测方法.然后利用检测出的跳点给出了回归函数的稳健有效估计量,并讨论了参数的选择.数值模拟和实例分析验证了所提方法在有限样本下的表现.     

部分线性单指标模型的复合分位数回归及变量选择

本文提出复合最小化平均分位数损失估计方法 (composite minimizing average check loss estimation,CMACLE)用于实现部分线性单指标模型(partial linear single-index models,PLSIM)的复合分位数回归(composite quantile regression,CQR).首先基于高维核函数构造参数部分的复合分位数回归意义下的相合估计,在此相合估计的基础上,通过采用指标核函数进一步得到参数和非参数函数的可达最优收敛速度的估计,并建立所得估计的渐近正态性,比较PLSIM的CQR估计和最小平均方差估计(MAVE)的相对渐近效率.进一步地,本文提出CQR框架下PLSIM的变量选择方法,证明所提变量选择方法的oracle性质.随机模拟和实例分析验证了所提方法在有限样本时的表现,证实了所提方法的优良性.     

Birnbaum–Saunders power-exponential kernel density estimation and Bayes local bandwidth selection for nonnegative heavy tailed data

In this paper, we study the performance of the Birnbaum–Saunders-power-exponential (BS-PE) kernel and Bayesian local bandwidth selection in the context of kernel density estimation for nonnegative heavy tailed data. Our approach considers the BS-PE kernel estimator and treats locally the bandwidth h as a parameter with prior distribution. The posterior density of h at each point x (point where the density is estimated) is derived in closed form, and the Bayesian bandwidth selector is obtained by using popular loss functions. The performance evaluation of this new procedure is carried out by a simulation study and real data in web-traffic. The proposed method is very quick and very competitive in comparison with the existing global methods, namely biased cross-validation and unbiased cross-validation.     

Nonparametric estimation of distributions with categorical and continuous data

In this paper we consider the problem of estimating an unknown joint distribution which is defined over mixed discrete and continuous variables. A nonparametric kernel approach is proposed with smoothing parameters obtained from the cross-validated minimization of the estimator's integrated squared error. We derive the rate of convergence of the cross-validated smoothing parameters to their ‘benchmark’ optimal values, and we also establish the asymptotic normality of the resulting nonparametric kernel density estimator. Monte Carlo simulations illustrate that the proposed estimator performs substantially better than the conventional nonparametric frequency estimator in a range of settings. The simulations also demonstrate that the proposed approach does not suffer from known limitations of the likelihood cross-validation method which breaks down with commonly used kernels when the continuous variables are drawn from fat-tailed distributions. An empirical application demonstrates that the proposed method can yield superior predictions relative to commonly used parametric models.     

Bayesian bandwidth estimation for a semi-functional partial linear regression model with unknown error density

In the context of semi-functional partial linear regression model, we study the problem of error density estimation. The unknown error density is approximated by a mixture of Gaussian densities with means being the individual residuals, and variance a constant parameter. This mixture error density has a form of a kernel density estimator of residuals, where the regression function, consisting of parametric and nonparametric components, is estimated by the ordinary least squares and functional Nadaraya–Watson estimators. The estimation accuracy of the ordinary least squares and functional Nadaraya–Watson estimators jointly depends on the same bandwidth parameter. A Bayesian approach is proposed to simultaneously estimate the bandwidths in the kernel-form error density and in the regression function. Under the kernel-form error density, we derive a kernel likelihood and posterior for the bandwidth parameters. For estimating the regression function and error density, a series of simulation studies show that the Bayesian approach yields better accuracy than the benchmark functional cross validation. Illustrated by a spectroscopy data set, we found that the Bayesian approach gives better point forecast accuracy of the regression function than the functional cross validation, and it is capable of producing prediction intervals nonparametrically.     

Nonparametric variable selection and its application to additive models

Variable selection for multivariate nonparametric regression models usually involves parameterized approximation for nonparametric functions in the objective function. However, this parameterized approximation often increases the number of parameters significantly, leading to the “curse of dimensionality” and inaccurate estimation. In this paper, we propose a novel and easily implemented approach to do variable selection in nonparametric models without parameterized approximation, enabling selection consistency to be achieved. The proposed method is applied to do variable selection for additive models. A two-stage procedure with selection and adaptive estimation is proposed, and the properties of this method are investigated. This two-stage algorithm is adaptive to the smoothness of the underlying components, and the estimation consistency can reach a parametric rate if the underlying model is really parametric. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed method. Furthermore, a real data example is analyzed for illustration.

     

Robust estimation in a nonlinear cointegration model

This paper considers the nonparametric M-estimator in a nonlinear cointegration type model. The local time density argument, which was developed by Phillips and Park (1998) [6] and Wang and Phillips (2009) [9], is applied to establish the asymptotic theory for the nonparametric M-estimator. The weak consistency and the asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimator are established under mild conditions. Meanwhile, the asymptotic distribution of the local least squares estimator and the local least absolute distance estimator can be obtained as applications of our main results. Furthermore, an iterated procedure for obtaining the nonparametric M-estimator and a cross-validation bandwidth selection method are discussed, and some numerical examples are provided to show that the proposed methods perform well in the finite sample case.     

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A kernel-type nonparametric estimator of the intensity function for inhomogeneous spatial point patterns with replicated data is proposed. Asymptotic expansion of the mean square error is derived and the rateof convergence of the integrated square error is also investigated. Two methods, least-square and composite likelihood cross-validation, for selecting the bandwidth are described. The performance of the two procedures are illustrated using simulation data.     

广义非参数回归的B样本贝叶斯估计

本文主要研究广义非参数模型B样条Bayes估计 .将回归函数按照B样条基展开 ,我们不具体选择节点的个数 ,而是节点个数取均匀的无信息先验 ,样条函数系数取正态先验 ,用B样条函数的后验均值估计回归函数 .并给出了回归函数B样条Bayes估计的MCMC的模拟计算方法 .通过对Logistic非参数回归的模拟研究 ,表明B样条Bayes估计得到了很好的估计效果     

Local adaptive smoothing in kernel regression estimation

We consider nonparametric estimation of a smooth function of one variable. Global selection procedures cannot sufficiently account for local sparseness of the covariate nor can they adapt to local curvature of the regression function. We propose a new method for selecting local smoothing parameters which takes into account sparseness and adapts to local curvature. A Bayesian type argument provides an initial smoothing parameter which adapts to the local sparseness of the covariate and provides the basis for local bandwidth selection procedures which further adjust the bandwidth according to the local curvature of the regression function. Simulation evidence indicates that the proposed method can result in reduction of both pointwise mean squared error and integrated mean squared error.     

Bayesian estimation of bandwidth in semiparametric kernel estimation of unknown probability mass and regression functions of count data

This work takes advantage of semiparametric modelling which improves significantly in many situations the estimation accuracy of the purely nonparametric approach. Herein for semiparametric estimations of probability mass function (pmf) of count data, and an unknown count regression function (crf), the kernel used is a binomial one and the bandiwdth selection is investigated by developing Bayesian approaches. About the latter, Bayes local and global bandwidth approaches are used to establish data-driven selection procedures in semiparametric framework. From conjugate beta prior distributions of the smoothing parameter and under the squared errors loss function, Bayes estimate for pmf is obtained in closed form. This is not available for the crf which is computed by the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique. Simulation studies demonstrate that both proposed methods perform better than the classical cross-validation procedures, in particular the smoothing quality and execution times are optimized. All applications are made on real data sets.