企业绿色供应链管理实证研究

随着环境压力的增加及资源的限制,建设绿色环保型企业已成为我国企业发展面临的迫切任务之一。绿色供应链管理即是绿色环保型企业建设的战略指导。本文在阐述绿色供应链管理基本内容的基础上,通过实证研究,对企业绿色供应链管理实践进行了统计分析,以识别中国企业绿色供应链管理实施状况及薄弱环节,为企业开展绿色供应链管理提供参考。     

汽车绿色供应链风险评价研究

随着社会的不断发展,人们开始意识到愈演愈烈的环境污染问题,因此绿色供应链的发展也逐渐受到关注.近年来,关于绿色供应链的研究越来越多,并且涉及众多领域,与此同时人们开始关注绿色供应链带来的风险.因此,当前绿色供应链急需解决的难题是如何帮助企业来分析、识别、预测供应链风险的因素,并将风险因素造成的损失控制在可承受范围内,保证其在企业内安全高效地运作并带来回报.文章在研究汽车绿色供应链管理的基础上,运用层次分析法,得到汽车绿色供应链风险评价体系,再通过模糊综合评判法对风险进行评估,从而进行有效的风险预防与控制.本文旨在为汽车绿色供应链的风险管理提供理论方法与策略支持,推动我国汽车绿色供应链的可持续发展.     

评价电子行业绿色供应链实施障碍的图论方法

中国是世界上最大的电子产品生产国和需求国,现在面临着废旧电子产品数量急剧增长的严峻形势,日益对环境产生严重影响.引入绿色供应链管理理念,实施绿色供应链管理战略是中国电子产品行业主动挑战环境危机,提高国际市场竞争力以拓展企业生存发展空间的必由之路.给出了阻碍电子行业绿色供应链管理的16种因素,然后运用图论方法对电子生产企业构建绿色供应链的障碍进行了量化排序.结果表明制度法规是制约企业实施绿色供应链管理的最重要的因素,所以政府应从加强执法力度和推出恰当的激励机制两方面做出努力,以减少法制法规对绿色供应链管理的阻碍.这一方法便于管理者优先解决对绿色供应链管理阻碍较大的因素,确保在资源稀缺时代实现资源的最优利用.     

中国制造企业绿色供应链管理实践类型及绩效实证研究

基于创新扩散理论并使用SPSS统计软件对绿色供应链管理实践进行聚类分析,识别出三种不同类型的企业,即领先企业、起步企业和落后企业;进一步通过ANOVA分析和Scheffe多重比较检验,证明不同类型的企业在绿色供应链管理的环境、运营和经济绩效提升方面存在差别。     

基于博弈视角的中小型供应商联盟决策研究

在绿色供应链管理背景下,中小型供应商在供应链中处于相对弱势的地位,往往在强势的供应链核心企业面前失去定价权;此外,由于其在经济和技术上的双重困难,中小型供应商的生产活动所造成的环境污染日益严重。供应链联盟作为一种新型的企业合作模式,是解决中小型供应商发展问题的有效途径。本文试图构建绿色供应链下的中小型供应商战略联盟博弈模型,并从博弈角度探讨中小型供应商联盟的必要性、可行性以及联盟的最优决策策略,以期探索中小型供应商依托供应链联盟而形成的发展模式。研究结果显示,中小型供应商联盟有利于整体供应链的绿色发展,提升中小型供应商在供应链中的地位。本研究结论能够为绿色供应链中的各方企业提供决策建议。     

零售商主导型绿色供应链激励机制设计

以往有关绿色供应链激励机制的研究主要是围绕制造商为核心企业展开.而2014年12月颁布的《企业绿色采购指南(试行)》强调了采购商(或零售商)在绿色供应链当中所起的作用.以零售商(而不是供应商)作为核心企业,建立供应商-零售商绿色供应链博弈模型,用以研究零售商的激励制度设计以及绿色产品需求如何影响绿色供应链.分别求解供应商不进行绿色工艺研发、供应商单独进行绿色工艺研发的供应链均衡解,并且设计了转移支付激励机制.研究表明:1)供应商和零售商不一定都有激励提高产品绿色度,但在特定条件下,他们都有动力提高产品绿色度;2)如果供应商和零售商都有动力提高产品绿色度,那么供应商主导型的绿色供应链比零售商主导型的供应链在为整个供应链创造利润方面更佳;3)零售商主导型的绿色供应链可找到最优转移支付比例使得供应链整体利润最大化,且转移支付激励手段有效.     

绿色供应链管理能力指标体系构建与评价研究

提出混合多准则群决策法评价制造商绿色供应链管理能力.首先,运用AHP法构建含6个准则17个指标的绿色供应链管理能力指标体系;然后,综合调研信息和专家评价数据形成混合决策矩阵、综合Theil不均衡指数和改进的灰关联偏离分析确定混合指标权重、综合专家指标熟悉度和专家参评对象熟悉度确定混合专家权重;再次,将所提决策法用于汽车制造商的绿色供应链管理能力评估;最后,将所提方法与VIKOR和TOPSIS法作对比分析.研究结果表明:1)中国汽车业整体供应链绿色化水平还有较大提升空间,国有车企的绿色化意识和水平相对较高,民营车企需迎头赶上;2)构建的绿色供应链管理能力多准则多指标体系能够反映制造商的绿色供应链管理能力;3)混合多准则群决策法弱化了主观随意性和客观刚性,与VIKOR和TOPSIS法异曲同工,为绿色供应链管理能力评估提供了又一贴近实际、科学可行的评价方法.     

论我国企业的供应链再造

21世纪激烈的企业竞争以及企业经营的无国界化，迫使企业建立更加高效的管理方式，而供应链管理则是这种管理方式的典型代表，也必将是我国企业管理的发展方向。章介绍了企业供应链管理的由来，主要内容及运作方式，以及信息技术对供应链管理的决定性的作用。     

竞争市场下考虑再制造产品售后服务的供应链运营策略

在同时生产新产品和再制造产品的原始制造企业(企业1)与生产具有替代性产品的企业(企业2)构成竞争关系下的供应链系统中,探讨供应链在不同售后服务策略下供应链的运营策略,分析在竞争市场下供应链定价策略和再制造产品的售后服务对定价策略及供应链中各企业利润的影响。揭示再制造产品售后服务对定价策略和供应链各企业最优利润的影响。得到如下主要研究结论:(1)当制造企业为再制造产品提供售后服务时,再制造产品销售量增加,新产品和竞争替代产品销售量降低;有趣的是新产品和再制造产品的市场零售价格同时增加,竞争替代产品的市场零售价格降低。(2)制造企业为再制造产品提供售后服务时的利润总是大于没有售后服务时的利润,且不受单位产品生产成本影响。同时当单位产品生产成本较高时,制造企业为再制造产品提供售后服务策略会带来竞争对手企业利润增加。这些结论对具有再制造产品供应链如何提供再制造产品售后服务具有一定指导作用和管理启示。     

供应链金融、盈余管理与企业融资效率

本文以我国2014—2019年间沪深A股主板非金融类上市公司为研究样本，采用真实盈余管理模型和修正-Jones模型分别度量企业的真实和应计盈余管理，并通过主成分分析提取综合指标衡量融资效率，实证检验了供应链金融、盈余管理对企业融资效率的影响，以及供应链金融与盈余管理对融资效率的交互影响，并按企业规模、企业所有制属性对上述影响进行深入考察。研究发现，高质量的供应链金融有利于改善企业融资效率；企业内部盈余管理会抑制融资效率的提高；上述两种影响在大规模、国有企业中表现更突出。进一步的研究发现，供应链金融与真实盈余管理对融资效率的影响存在显著的替代效应，这种替代效应在小规模、国有企业中更显著。     

Modeling reverse logistics process in the agro-industrial sector: The case of the palm oil supply chain

As today’s consumers are more and more concerned with the environmental impacts of products and services they buy, enterprises have been more and more concerned with “green operations”. One of the key aspects of green logistics management is reverse logistics. This paper shows how the potential of managing reverse logistics flows can be implemented in the agro-industrial sector. As an example, the palm oil supply chain is considered. This study is carried out under the focus of the “closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) framework” in which forward and backward product flows are considered simultaneously. A mathematical model is proposed in order to represent the dynamic interaction between flows. The objective function considers energy, cost and economic profits. Different implementation scenarios of recovery processes are proposed and interactions between direct and reverse flows in the chain are evaluated. Results are analyzed using proper statistical tools, showing that the simultaneous analysis of direct and reverse flows positively impact the net economic profits in this complex supply chain of the agro-industrial sector.     

乡村产业振兴“基地+农户”同创共享绿色供应链反馈仿真分析

针对养殖企业沼气沼肥供应链不可持续,产生二次污染严重影响生态环境,且农民增收乏力,乡村产业振兴难以推进现状,本文围绕生猪养殖业,并以南昌大学系统工程科研教学基地明鑫农场及周边亟待振兴的农户为例,提出构建"基地+农户"同创共享绿色供应链系统,运用系统动力学方法建立仿真模型,计算反馈环个数;然后结合仿真、反馈环及延迟三组合分析法,从社会效益、环境效益和经济效益三方面对该绿色供应链系统的振兴效益进行反馈仿真分析,并提出相应管理对策,为我国乡村产业振兴提供实践道路.     

Research on coordination mechanism in three-level green supply chain under non-cooperative game

In view of the three-level green supply chain system in which market demand correlates with product green degree, game theory is applied to study four models, namely cooperative decision-making, three-level leader–follower game, Stackelberg game I and Stackelberg game II. Theoretical analysis shows that the profits of both the supply chain system and participating members reach the optimal level under cooperative decision-making, while the decision results of participating members as well as the channel profit are far from satisfactory under the non-cooperative game. By building a revenue sharing mechanism, Shapley value method coordination mechanism and asymmetric Nash negotiation mechanism, supply chain members are motivated to respond positively to the cooperation in producing and marketing green products, the optimal income distribution coefficient of participating members is given, and the income of each member is increased substantially as is compared with that under the non-cooperative game. Also, by determining the cooperative parameter, green supply chain managers may effectively get involved in the aforementioned coordination mechanisms to intervene and regulate the green channel so as to promote the smooth operation of green supply chain.     

考虑决策者失望规避的供应链协同绿色创新动态优化与协调研究

针对决策者存在失望规避行为且产品绿色水平具有动态变化特征的情形,基于失望理论,运用微分博弈的方法研究了供应链协同绿色创新动态优化与协调问题,探讨了供应链成员失望规避程度对绿色创新决策及供应链绩效的影响,并提出双向成本分担契约对供应链进行协调。结果表明,供应链成员是否选择协同绿色创新及产品的绿色水平均与成员的失望规避程度密切相关;分散式决策下,若制造商选择分担供应商部分绿色创新成本,其分担比例与制造商失望规避程度负相关,与供应商失望规避程度正相关;集中式决策下,产品绿色水平、成员绿色创新水平及效用现值均高于协调前分散系统中的对应值;在一定条件下,双向成本分担契约的设计与实施,能有效提升供应链成员效用现值,实现供应链协调。     

Channel coordination in green supply chain management

Environmental consciousness has become increasingly important in everyday life and business practice. The effort to reduce the impact of business activities on the environment has been labelled as green supply chain management. Any major greening project would require efforts on the part of the entire supply chain. However, very few studies have addressed the issue of coordinating the green supply chain. We consider the problem of coordination of a manufacturer and a retailer in a vertical supply chain, who put in efforts for ‘greening’ their operations. We address some pertinent questions in this regard such as extent of effort in greening of operations by manufacturer or retailer, level of cooperation between the two parties, and how to coordinate their operations in a supply chain. The greening efforts by the manufacturer and retailer result in demand expansion at the retail end. The decision variables of the manufacturer are wholesale price and greening effort, while those of the retailer are retail price and its greening effort. We find that the ratio of the optimal greening efforts put in by the manufacturer and retailer is equal to the ratio of their green sensitivity ratios and greening cost ratios. Further, profits and efforts are higher in the integrated channel as compared to the case of the decentralized channel. Finally, a two-part tariff contract is found to produce channel coordination in this problem. A numerical example illustrates the results.     

An analytical method for cost analysis in multi-stage supply chains: A stochastic network model approach

This paper studies the cost distribution characteristics in multi-stage supply chain networks. Based on the graphical evaluation and review technique, we propose a novel stochastic network mathematical model for cost distribution analysis in multi-stage supply chain networks. Further, to investigate the effects of cost components, including the procurement costs, inventory costs, shortage costs, production costs and transportation costs of supply chain members, on the total supply chain operation cost, we propose the concept of cost sensitivity and provide corresponding algorithms based on the proposed stochastic network model. Then the model is extended to analyze the cost performance of supply chain robustness under different order compensation ability scenarios and the corresponding algorithms are developed. Simulation experiment shows the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed model, and also promotes a better understanding of the model approach and its managerial implications in cost management of supply chains.     

面向制造商资金约束的绿色供应链融资策略研究

考虑了生产绿色产品供应链中,由于制造商由于加大绿色产品投入而面临资金约束时,零售商是否应该参与融资的问题。分别研究了在分散决策和集中决策下,存在资金约束的制造商采用预付款融资策略和银行贷款融资策略对供应链中企业最优决策的影响。给出了不同融资策略下,制造商和零售商的最佳决策。研究表明,在制造商存在资金约束的绿色产品供应链中,在集中决策和分散决策的情况下,零售商都应该采取提前付款折扣为0的融资策略参与制造商融资。同时,对于生产绿色产品的供应链,零售商应对制造商采取激励措施,促使制造商进行绿色技术创新生产绿色度更高的产品,从而扩大市场提高竞争力。最后,应用数值模拟对结论进行进一步验证。     

基于不同政府补贴策略的供应链绿色努力决策比较研究

研究由单一制造商与单一零售商组成的二级绿色供应链,探讨在同时考虑制造商与零售商绿色努力情况下政府补贴策略对供应链绿色努力与定价决策的影响,比较分析无补贴策略、制造商补贴策略与消费者补贴策略对决策影响的差异性,并进一步考虑零售商的风险规避特征对最优决策的影响。结果表明,政府补贴能够激励制造商与零售商的绿色努力行为,对供应链的绿色发展总是有利的;且制造商补贴策略下的绿色质量水平高于消费者补贴策略,但对供应链利润而言并不是最优的;而在消费者补贴策略下,尽管产品的绿色质量水平不是最优的,但供应链可以获得最高的利润。研究还发现,风险规避特征不会改变参数对最优决策与最优利润的影响趋势,但会降低零售商的绿色努力积极性,导致其利润的下降。     

Evaluating green supplier development programs with a grey-analytical network process-based methodology

Under circumstances of increasing environmental pressures from markets and regulators, focal companies in supply chains have recognized the importance of greening their supply chain through green supplier development programs. Various studies have started to explore the inter-relationships between green supply chain management and supplier performance. Much of this performance can be achieved only with suppliers’ involvement in green supplier development programs. But, the literature focusing on green supplier development programs and supplier involvement propensity is very limited. In addition, formal tools and models for focal companies to evaluate these inter-relationships, especially considering propensity of suppliers’ involvement, are even rarer. To help address this gap in the literature, we introduce a grey analytical network process-based (grey ANP-based) model to identify green supplier development programs that will effectively improve suppliers’ performance. We further comprehensively evaluate green supplier development programs with explicit consideration of suppliers’ involvement propensity levels. A real world example is introduced to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. We end with a discussion of managerial implications and present some directions for further research.