企业绿色供应链管理实证研究

随着环境压力的增加及资源的限制,建设绿色环保型企业已成为我国企业发展面临的迫切任务之一。绿色供应链管理即是绿色环保型企业建设的战略指导。本文在阐述绿色供应链管理基本内容的基础上,通过实证研究,对企业绿色供应链管理实践进行了统计分析,以识别中国企业绿色供应链管理实施状况及薄弱环节,为企业开展绿色供应链管理提供参考。     

评价电子行业绿色供应链实施障碍的图论方法

中国是世界上最大的电子产品生产国和需求国,现在面临着废旧电子产品数量急剧增长的严峻形势,日益对环境产生严重影响.引入绿色供应链管理理念,实施绿色供应链管理战略是中国电子产品行业主动挑战环境危机,提高国际市场竞争力以拓展企业生存发展空间的必由之路.给出了阻碍电子行业绿色供应链管理的16种因素,然后运用图论方法对电子生产企业构建绿色供应链的障碍进行了量化排序.结果表明制度法规是制约企业实施绿色供应链管理的最重要的因素,所以政府应从加强执法力度和推出恰当的激励机制两方面做出努力,以减少法制法规对绿色供应链管理的阻碍.这一方法便于管理者优先解决对绿色供应链管理阻碍较大的因素,确保在资源稀缺时代实现资源的最优利用.     

企业绿色供应链管理实践与绩效关系统计分析

根据对314家制造企业的调查结果,使用SPSS统计软件,通过相关性分析和层次调解回归分析,研究绿色供应链管理与企业绩效之间的关系以及质量管理对其的影响。旨在说明统计分析在环境管理研究中的应用,并为企业绿色供应链管理提供决策支持。     

基于博弈视角的中小型供应商联盟决策研究

在绿色供应链管理背景下,中小型供应商在供应链中处于相对弱势的地位,往往在强势的供应链核心企业面前失去定价权;此外,由于其在经济和技术上的双重困难,中小型供应商的生产活动所造成的环境污染日益严重。供应链联盟作为一种新型的企业合作模式,是解决中小型供应商发展问题的有效途径。本文试图构建绿色供应链下的中小型供应商战略联盟博弈模型,并从博弈角度探讨中小型供应商联盟的必要性、可行性以及联盟的最优决策策略,以期探索中小型供应商依托供应链联盟而形成的发展模式。研究结果显示,中小型供应商联盟有利于整体供应链的绿色发展,提升中小型供应商在供应链中的地位。本研究结论能够为绿色供应链中的各方企业提供决策建议。     

汽车绿色供应链风险评价研究

随着社会的不断发展,人们开始意识到愈演愈烈的环境污染问题,因此绿色供应链的发展也逐渐受到关注.近年来,关于绿色供应链的研究越来越多,并且涉及众多领域,与此同时人们开始关注绿色供应链带来的风险.因此,当前绿色供应链急需解决的难题是如何帮助企业来分析、识别、预测供应链风险的因素,并将风险因素造成的损失控制在可承受范围内,保证其在企业内安全高效地运作并带来回报.文章在研究汽车绿色供应链管理的基础上,运用层次分析法,得到汽车绿色供应链风险评价体系,再通过模糊综合评判法对风险进行评估,从而进行有效的风险预防与控制.本文旨在为汽车绿色供应链的风险管理提供理论方法与策略支持,推动我国汽车绿色供应链的可持续发展.     

零售商主导型绿色供应链激励机制设计

以往有关绿色供应链激励机制的研究主要是围绕制造商为核心企业展开.而2014年12月颁布的《企业绿色采购指南(试行)》强调了采购商(或零售商)在绿色供应链当中所起的作用.以零售商(而不是供应商)作为核心企业,建立供应商-零售商绿色供应链博弈模型,用以研究零售商的激励制度设计以及绿色产品需求如何影响绿色供应链.分别求解供应商不进行绿色工艺研发、供应商单独进行绿色工艺研发的供应链均衡解,并且设计了转移支付激励机制.研究表明:1)供应商和零售商不一定都有激励提高产品绿色度,但在特定条件下,他们都有动力提高产品绿色度;2)如果供应商和零售商都有动力提高产品绿色度,那么供应商主导型的绿色供应链比零售商主导型的供应链在为整个供应链创造利润方面更佳;3)零售商主导型的绿色供应链可找到最优转移支付比例使得供应链整体利润最大化,且转移支付激励手段有效.     

绿色供应链管理能力指标体系构建与评价研究

提出混合多准则群决策法评价制造商绿色供应链管理能力.首先,运用AHP法构建含6个准则17个指标的绿色供应链管理能力指标体系;然后,综合调研信息和专家评价数据形成混合决策矩阵、综合Theil不均衡指数和改进的灰关联偏离分析确定混合指标权重、综合专家指标熟悉度和专家参评对象熟悉度确定混合专家权重;再次,将所提决策法用于汽车制造商的绿色供应链管理能力评估;最后,将所提方法与VIKOR和TOPSIS法作对比分析.研究结果表明:1)中国汽车业整体供应链绿色化水平还有较大提升空间,国有车企的绿色化意识和水平相对较高,民营车企需迎头赶上;2)构建的绿色供应链管理能力多准则多指标体系能够反映制造商的绿色供应链管理能力;3)混合多准则群决策法弱化了主观随意性和客观刚性,与VIKOR和TOPSIS法异曲同工,为绿色供应链管理能力评估提供了又一贴近实际、科学可行的评价方法.     

面向制造商资金约束的绿色供应链融资策略研究

考虑了生产绿色产品供应链中,由于制造商由于加大绿色产品投入而面临资金约束时,零售商是否应该参与融资的问题。分别研究了在分散决策和集中决策下,存在资金约束的制造商采用预付款融资策略和银行贷款融资策略对供应链中企业最优决策的影响。给出了不同融资策略下,制造商和零售商的最佳决策。研究表明,在制造商存在资金约束的绿色产品供应链中,在集中决策和分散决策的情况下,零售商都应该采取提前付款折扣为0的融资策略参与制造商融资。同时,对于生产绿色产品的供应链,零售商应对制造商采取激励措施,促使制造商进行绿色技术创新生产绿色度更高的产品,从而扩大市场提高竞争力。最后,应用数值模拟对结论进行进一步验证。     

考虑零售商公平偏好的绿色供应链决策与协调研究

当制造商在绿色供应链中处于领先地位时,此时的零售商处于跟随地位,会关注供应链内的利润分配情况.为探究零售商公平偏好行为对绿色供应链的影响,分别构建了三种不同情形下的供应链博弈模型,比较产品的绿色度水平、市场需求以及各成员获得的利润和效用.研究表明,零售商的公平偏好能增加自身渠道利润的比重,但对制造商和整个系统是不利的;...     

基于不同政府补贴方式的绿色产品闭环供应链决策研究

以制造商和零售商组成的绿色产品闭环供应链构建了政府对绿色产品仅生产补贴、仅回收补贴以及生产和回收同时补贴的3类绿色供应链模型.运用博弈论方法进行求解,研究发现：3类绿色供应链模型中的产品绿色度、市场需求量、制造商利润、零售商利润均与绿色度敏感系数成正相关关系.仅生产补贴和仅回收补贴两类绿色供应链模型中绿色度敏感系数满足一定条件时产品零售价与之成负相关关系.政府对绿色产品仅生产补贴时的市场需求量、绿色度、制造商利润、零售商利润均优于仅回收补贴和生产和回收同时补贴情形.政府对绿色产品生产和回收同时补贴时企业利润反而并不是最大的.因此,政府应加大对绿色产品的生产补贴力度,获得补贴的制造商应加大绿色产品研发力度.这样产品的绿色度得以进一步提升,环境得以进一步改善.     

Selecting green suppliers based on GSCM practices: Using fuzzy TOPSIS applied to a Brazilian electronics company

Due to an increased awareness and significant environmental pressures from various stakeholders, companies have begun to realize the significance of incorporating green practices into their daily activities. This paper proposes a framework using Fuzzy TOPSIS to select green suppliers for a Brazilian electronics company; our framework is built on the criteria of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. An empirical analysis is made, and the data are collected from a set of 12 available suppliers. We use a fuzzy TOPSIS approach to rank the suppliers, and the results of the proposed framework are compared with the ranks obtained by both the geometric mean and the graded mean methods of fuzzy TOPSIS methodology. Then a Spearman rank correlation coefficient is used to find the statistical difference between the ranks obtained by the three methods. Finally, a sensitivity analysis has been performed to examine the influence of the preferences given by the decision makers for the chosen GSCM practices on the selection of green suppliers. Results indicate that the four dominant criteria are Commitment of senior management to GSCM; Product designs that reduce, reuse, recycle, or reclaim materials, components, or energy; Compliance with legal environmental requirements and auditing programs; and Product designs that avoid or reduce toxic or hazardous material use.     

网络结构、采纳者偏好与创新扩散:基于采纳者决策过程的创新扩散系统动力学模型仿真分析

在对采纳者决策过程分析的基础上,将网络结构和采纳者偏好作为核心参数,构建基于采纳者决策过程的创新扩散系统动力学模型。对模型进行仿真发现,在采纳者趋同化偏好条件下,网络平均度、网络重连概率与采纳者偏好强度的变动趋势与创新扩散效率的变动趋势相同,而在采纳者差异化偏好条件下则与创新扩散效率变动趋势相反。网络平均路径长度对创新扩散的影响方向与采纳者偏好特征无关,提高网络平均路径长度会始终降低创新扩散的效率。采纳者的趋同化偏好能够放大创新扩散对网络结构变量与采纳者偏好强度变量的敏感程度,采纳者差异化偏好则会缩小创新扩散对网络结构变量与采纳者偏好强度变量的敏感程度。研究结果对于制定创新推广策略具有一定的指导意义。     

在线品牌社区免费试用贡献的影响因素研究

近年来,各大品牌社区纷纷推出了免费试用活动,以期通过免费试用获取新产品的初期口碑。现有关于免费试用的文献多研究免费试用的促销作用,其研究情境多为第三方平台,较少涉及品牌社区中的试用贡献行为。本研究以海尔社区为研究对象,收集了66期试用活动323位试用者的试用报告和个人主页数据,通过最小二乘法和负二项回归分析,检验了社会临场感、社会学习、积分等级和感知稀缺性对试用贡献数量及质量的影响。除此之外,本研究根据试用者前期申请记录将试用者划分为高参与度和低参与度两种类型,发现了不同参与度的试用者在试用贡献质量上的差异。通过子样本回归,进一步分析了造成试用贡献质量差异的原因。本研究丰富了免费试用的研究视角,为企业有效地识别优质试用者提供了实践帮助。     

Modeling Reputational and Informational Influences in Threshold Models of Bandwagon Innovation Diffusion

Bandwagon innovation diffusion is characterized by a positive feedback loop where adoptions by some actors increase the pressure to adopt for other actors. In particular, when gains from an innovation are difficult to quantify, such as implementing quality circles or downsizing practices, diffusion is likely to occur through a bandwagon process. In this paper we extend Abrahamson and Rosenkopf&2018;s (1993) model of bandwagon diffusion to examine both reputational and informational influences on this process. We find that the distribution of reputations among the set of potential adopters affects the extent of bandwagon diffusion under conditions of moderate ambiguity, and we find that bandwagons occur even when potential adopters receive information about others&2018; unprofitable experiences with the innovation.     

A time delay model for the diffusion of a new technology

In this paper, we propose a mathematical model with time delay to describe the process of diffusion of a new technology. This model is suitable for modeling diffusion processes of all those technologies that require great initial investments and public subsidies, such as technologies used for producing renewable energy. We consider external factors, such as the government policy and the production costs, that influence the decision of adoption of the new technology. We also consider the internal influence from adopters. The adoption process is described by a delay differential equation. The time delay represents the evaluation stage at which the potential consumers decide whether to adopt the new technology or not. A qualitative analysis is carried out in order to assess the stability of the equilibrium for certain parameters and to find the final level of adopters.     

Truncating the hierarchy of moment equations based on point distribution—application to innovation diffusion

The phenomenon of innovation diffusion, modeled as a nonlinear birth process, leads to a hierarchy of moment equations. For gaining insight into the evolution of moments of a number of adopters in innovation diffusion, truncation procedures based on point distributions are proposed for truncating the hierarchy of moment equations. It is found that the results obtained by employing new truncation procedures are in close agreement with analytical results based on system size expansion for large population size.     

Effects of power law logistic technologies on economic growth

Based on the S-shaped power law logistic technology, we set up an economic growth model in this paper. The solution of the model is given via hypergeometric functions. We show that the dynamics of the model is asymptotically stable. And, it is found that the dynamics of the model is actually controlled by the power law logistic function through an ordinary logistic function, as a power function of the power law logistic. From the statistical point of view, in this paper, three different types of power law index means three different types of skewness, giving three different types of growth and diffusion patterns of technology. Then, we show some comparison results of different types of technology and of different initial levels of capital, and their effects on economic growth. A numerical example is also given in this paper to illustrate the effects.     

Stochastic evolution of innovation diffusion in heterogeneous groups: study of life cycle patterns

A theoretical framework has been proposed to study patternsof innovation diffusion in a heterogeneous population, withapplicability to a number of problem areas including marketing.The heterogeneity in the population is captured through randomlyvarying parameters, which have been modelled in terms of two-pointdistributions. The effect of heterogeneity leads to the generationof bi-modal life cycle patterns besides the conventional uni-modalpattern resulting from S-shaped curve. The stochastic evolutionof the mean and variance of the number of adopters is foundto depict a high level of relative fluctuation around the pointof inflexion. As a result of randomness in parameters, the resultingdifferential equation for the evolution of the mean of the adoptionprocess is characterized by a non-autonomous system having parameterswhich are no longer constant but become time dependent. Fordemonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed framework, areal data set which depicts a bi-modal life cycle curve is investigated.The fit is found to be extremely good while capturing appropriateproduct life cycle curve.     

An acceleration-scale model of IING’s diffusion based on force analysis

ABSTRACT

The diffusion of Internet-based Intangible Network Goods (IINGs) shows new characteristics completely different from that of traditional material products. This paper aims to establish new models to describe and predict IING’s diffusion at the aggregate level. Firstly, we transform the key factors affecting IING’s diffusion into driving forces, resistant forces, and variable forces. Secondly, we analyse the dynamic changes of these forces in different diffusion stages and obtain the acceleration model of IING’s diffusion. Then, since acceleration is the second derivative of scale, we further establish the scale model of IING’s diffusion. As the scale model can predict the number of IING’s adopters at a particular time and the acceleration model can explain the dynamic changes of scale, we combine them as the acceleration-scale model to describe IING’s diffusion. Finally, we make comparisons between the acceleration-scale model and the Bass model based on three cases. Different from the previous studies, we found that IING’s diffusion rate is asymmetric. The diffusion rate of successful IING is right skewed while the diffusion rate of failed IING is left skewed. The results also shows that the acceleration-scale model has a better predictive performance than the Bass model, no matter the diffusion is successful or failed