基于辛本征空间的线性阻尼振动系统动力学分析

对于考虑阻尼项和陀螺项的一般线性动力学振动系统,建立基于辛本征空间展开求解的一般方法.基于Rayleigh商本征值的模态展开方法被广泛应用于复杂结构动力系统振动分析,但对于很多机械系统,由于其不能有效考虑陀螺效应的影响,其适用性却受到很大限制.该文首先讨论了无阻尼系统Rayleigh商本征值问题与辛本征值问题的对应关系,表明前者实际可由后者的一种退化形式给出（也即忽略陀螺效应）,而后者更具有一般性.在此基础上,进一步基于辛本征空间本征向量展开,推导了同时考虑阻尼和陀螺系统的一般线性动力学系统的有效求解方法.数值算例选取不考虑陀螺效应及考虑陀螺效应的两种线性阻尼振动系统对所提出的方法进行了验证,分析结果表明了该文所建立方法的正确性和有效性.     

带非线性阻尼项的三维可压缩欧拉方程组的整体解

研究了三维空间中带非线性阻尼项的可压缩欧拉方程组的初值问题.利用能量估计和傅立叶分析的方法,在初值是常状态附近的一个H~3∩L~1中的小扰动时获得了初值问题的解整体存在,并得到了解在大时间的L~2,L~∞衰减率分别为t~(-3/4),t~(-3/2),将线性阻尼的情形推广到了非线性阻尼的情形.     

主动约束阻尼开口柱壳的NLMS反馈减振控制

为缩减开口柱壳结构的振动,给出了一种局部主动约束阻尼（ALCD）敷设结构,并结合Lagrange方程和Sanders薄壳理论构建了压电耦合开口柱壳的动力学模型,根据推得的系统状态空间形式,应用归一化最小均方差自适应滤波算法（NLMS）和线性二次规划算法（LQR）设计了一种自适应反馈控制器,通过数值仿真研究了控制参数对开口柱壳中点动态特性和控制电压的影响.结果表明:NLMS反馈控制方法能在不同控制电压频率、滤波阶数和自适应步长下保证对开口柱壳减振的有效性;增加自适应步长和滤波阶数能进一步提高减振控制的响应速率,但会导致控制电压超调量增加,而取较大的滤波阶数和较高频率控制电压可以减小噪声扰动,增加控制系统的可靠性.     

双参数弹性地基上正交各向异性矩形薄板自由振动问题的Hamilton方法

本文运用矩阵多元多项式的带余除法把双参数弹性地基上正交各向异性矩形薄板的振动方程转化为Hamilton系统,利用分离变量给出对应的Hamilton算子.通过计算得到对边简支问题所对应Hamilton算子的本征值和本征函数系,并证明了该本征函数系的辛正交性和在Cauchy主值意义下的完备性.根据本征函数系的完备性,得到对应Hamilton系统的通解,进而给出双参数弹性地基上正交各向异性矩形薄板对边简支振动问题振型函数的通解.此外,通过两个例子说明此方法可以计算出自由振动问题的频率和振型函数.     

带时滞机器人模型解的展开

研究一个带有时滞机器人模型解的性质, 其中机器人的动力学行为由一组含有时滞的微分方程描述.通过引入Hilbert状态空间将其写成一个发展方程, 利用半群理论得到抽象发展方程的适定性. 通过对系统算子的谱作细致分析,得到谱的渐近表达式, 并证明系统的本征函数并不构成空间的基.但我们证明了对时间大于5倍时滞时, 方程的解按照本征向量的展开式.     

相对于准静止参照系的有源阻尼系统研究 *

利用扭杆弹簧构成一个垂直方向上的准静止参照系 ,并用它成功地主动阻尼了单级振子的垂直本征模式 .在保持系统的高频隔振性能的情况下 ,使单级振子的垂直共振峰幅值从 3×10 ^-8m/Hz^{1/ 2} 下降到 2×10 ^-9m/Hz^{1/ 2} .这一实验结果验证了相对于准静止参照系的有源阻尼方法是完全可行的.     

非定态中子迁移方程的离散纵标—多群逼近理论

本文对有界凸的非均匀介质中具各向异性散射和裂变的连续能量中子迁移的非定态方程,将方向和能量两个变量同时离散的所谓离散纵标——多群逼近方法建立起系统的数学理论,证明了: 1 非定态迁移方程的解,可由相应的非定态离散纵标——多群迁移系统的解逼近。 2 原迁移算子的占优本征值,可由离散纵标——多群迁移算子所确定的具非负本征函数且实部为最大的本征值逼近。 3 原迁移算子的占优本征值所相应的正本征函数,可由离散纵标——多群迁移算子的实部为最大的本征值所相应的非负本征函数逼近。 4 估计了各种逼近的阶。     

宏观体缺陷对材料阻尼行为的影响

利用渗流法制备出多孔Al和多孔ZA27合金（孔径和孔体积分数分别为(1.0±0.5) mm及50%～75%）,以及相同基体、相同尺寸的石墨颗粒增强复合材料(石墨颗粒体积分数为19%～94%),对比研究了宏观孔洞和颗粒对材料阻尼（内耗）行为的影响.实验表明,对于本征阻尼较小的工业纯铝,引入一定数量的孔洞或石墨颗粒,由于宏观与微观缺陷的综合效应,内耗显著提高;对于本征阻尼较高的ZA27合金,引入孔洞对其内耗影响很小,而引入宏观尺度的石墨颗粒,其低温内耗变化不大,高温内耗峰明显下降,其原因为石墨颗粒对原有内耗机制的抑制.     

刚塑性材料塑性动力学问题中的一般方程和通解

本文是文[1～2]的继续。本文讨论了塑性流动理论中的理想刚塑性材料的动力学问题。在引入Dirac-Pauli表象的复变函数理论后,我们可以得到用流函数和理论比例系数表示的一组(两个)所谓"一般方程"。本文还证明了塑性动力学问题的时间发展方程既非耗散型的,又非弥散型的,而其本征方程却是以应力增量的偏张量为本征函数,以理论比例系数为本征值的定态Schr?dinger方程。于是,我们使非线性塑性动力学问题成为线性定态Schr?dinger方程的求解,由此可以得到刚塑性材料塑性动力学问题的通解。     

四边固支正交各向异性矩形薄板弯曲问题的辛叠加方法

将正交各向异性矩形薄板方程化为Hamilton系统,利用分离变量法给出相应的无穷维Hamilton算子,进而计算出该无穷维Hamilton算子的本征值及对应的本征函数系,并分别证明了本征函数系的辛正交性及完备性.之后利用辛叠加方法,求出正交各向异性矩形薄板弯曲问题的解析解.最后通过算例验证了所得解析解的正确性.     

井下钻柱纵向横向耦合振动模型建立与数值分析

针对井下钻柱运动的复杂性,基于动力学理论,建立了井下钻柱纵向和横向耦合振动的数学模型,并进行数值求解及分析.根据井下钻柱的实际工况,以整个井下钻柱为研究对象,提出了钻柱纵向和横向耦合振动的动力方程,并利用解析法和无量纲法分别求解出其动刚度和动阻尼的表达式,以及钻柱前两阶振动的固有频率.分析结果表明:当井下钻柱振动频率增大时,其动刚度呈幅值衰减的周期性变化,而其动阻尼呈幅值增强的周期性变化;井下钻柱长度和横截面面积越大,其动刚度和动阻尼的幅值越小;井下钻柱的Poisson(泊松)比对其振动的动刚度、动阻尼和前两阶固有频率没有影响;同时,井下钻柱的第二阶固有频率始终大于第一阶固有频率.该文的研究方法和模型为井下钻柱钻具分析和结果优化提供了理论参考和实际意义.     

Modelling and analysis of the nonlinear string-mass structure of the vibration absorber

ABSTRACT

In this paper a nonlinear string-mass structure of the vibration absorber is analyzed. This structure is convenient to be installed in vibration damping systems of high buildings for their protection in the case of earthquake. The considered string-mass structure contains a translator movable mass connected with two strings. Due to nonlinear geometric properties of the system the motion of the mass is described with a strong nonlinear second order differential equation. In the paper the approximate procedure for solving of the nonlinear equation of motion is developed. Based on the solution the influence of the string preloading force, slider mass and friction force on the vibration property of the string-mass system is investigated. It is concluded that variation of the preloading string force may be applied as a control parameter for vibration absorption and as the regulator of vibration decay time.     

A Modal Analysis of Resonance during the Whole-Body Vibration

The mechanism of resonance of a damping system of multi‐degrees of freedom such as the human body and the dependence of resonance on system parameters, particularly on the damping level, are studied in terms of detailed mathematical solutions of both the whole‐body vibrations and the eigen modes for a simple model. It is revealed that resonance would only occur near the eigen frequencies of neutral modes for which the complex eigen frequencies of the corresponding damping modes for the given damping level of the system have not moved far from the starting point (damping‐free case) along the corresponding tracks in the plane of complex eigen frequency yet. The major resonance would occur near the eigen frequency of the neutral mode where the modulus of the characteristic function of the system has the strongest, i.e., the deepest and sharpest, local minimum. For the present model, this neutral mode is the lowest neutral mode. It is found that the resonance and eigen frequencies increase with the stiffness of muscles and decrease with the body mass, with the portion of wobbling mass in the upper body, and with the portion of upper body mass in the whole body. Both the modal analysis and the analysis of the whole‐body vibration show that the phase differences among different parts of the system are still small at the unique or the lowest resonance frequency and increase dramatically only when the frequency of the vibrating source goes beyond the resonance frequency. Thus, some effects of body vibrations, e.g., internal loads, may reach their maximum not at the resonance frequency, but at a frequency somewhat higher than the resonance frequency. This may account for the fact that the frequency ranges for abdominal pain and for lumbosacral pain caused by body vibrations are not exactly the same as the frequency range for major body resonance but shifted to somewhat higher frequency ranges. It is therefore suggested that the frequency used for strength training in terms of vibrating devices should be above 20 Hz in order to avoid not only the major resonance but also the maximal internal loads.     

Periodic solutions for a weakly dissipated hybrid system

We consider the motion of a stretched string coupled with a rigid body at one end and we study the existence of periodic solution when a periodic force f acts on the body. The main difficulty of the study is related to the weak dissipation that characterizes this hybrid system, which does not ensure a uniform decay rate of the energy. Under additional regularity conditions on f, we use a perturbation argument in order to prove the existence of a periodic solution. In the last part of the paper we present some numerical simulations based on the theoretical results.     

Stabilization of a hybrid system of elasticity by feedback boundary damping

Summary A hybrid control system is presented as consisting of an elastic beam linked to a rigid body, and the system is asymptotically stabilized through feedback boundary damping. Solutions of the hybrid system are constructed that decay towards zero at nonexponential, even arbitrarily slow, decay rates. This feedback control analysis complements the authors' earlier report on the open-loop controllability of this same hybrid system, which is a simplified model of a space-structure.This research was partially supported by NSF Grant DMS 86-07687 and AFOSR-ISSA-860088, and the second author also received support from SERC.     

考虑挡板间水动力相互作用影响的矩形TLD水箱阻尼比分析

利用能量耗散原理,推导了底部安装有多块垂直挡板和左右侧壁对称安装有多组水平挡板的矩形TLD水箱在正弦激励荷载下的线性阻尼比估算公式.通过引入速度势函数修正因子考虑了挡板间水动力相互作用的影响,对矩形水箱的阻尼比计算公式进行了修正.将考虑挡板间水动力相互作用影响与否得到的矩形水箱阻尼比计算结果与振动台试验结果进行了对比分析.研究结果表明,挡板间距较小时,挡板间的水动力相互作用对水箱的阻尼比影响较明显,不能忽视,而考虑此因素进行修正后得到的阻尼比与试验值较吻合,具有更高估算精度.     

A contribution to efficient calculation of complex drill string dynamics for deep hole drilling

This paper presents a hybrid model to describe drill string dynamics for deep hole drilling. Generally, a typical rotary drill string has a length of several kilometers, but the diameter is less than half a meter. Due to the large ratio of length to diameter, a drill string is a very flexible system. Consequently, an operating drill string is always affected by axial, torsional and lateral vibrations, which potentially induce serious failures. In order to avoid fatal defects, simulations to forecast vibrations are necessary. The simulation should be capable to exhibit the complex dynamical phenomena, e.g. sick-slip, forward whirl and backward whirl, and interactions between drill string and borehole. Usually, these simulations are very time-consuming. In this work, a hybrid model consisting of lumped masses connected with weightless beam elements representing the drill string is developed. The interaction between the drill string and the borehole is implemented by unilateral constraints to describe the nonlinear contact behavior. It was shown that accuracy and simulating time were improved by this model with respect to classical finite-element models. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Basis property of eigenfunctions of nonselfadjoint operator pencils generated by the equation of nonhomogeneous damped string

We consider a class of nonselfadjoint quadratic operator pencils generated by the equation, which governs the vibrations of a string with nonconstant bounded density subject to viscous damping with a nonconstant damping coefficient. These pencils depend on a complex parameterh, which enters the boundary conditions. Depending on the values ofh, the eigenvalues of the above pencils may describe the resonances in the scattering of elastic waves on an infinite string or the eingenmodes of a finite string. We obtain the 7asymptotic representations for these eigenvalues. Assuming that the proper multiplicity of each eigenvalue is equal to one, we prove that the eigenfunctions of these pencils form Riesz bases in the weightedL ²-space, whose weight function is exactly the density of the string. The general case of multiple eigenvalues will be treated in another paper, based on the results of the present work.     

The rate at which energy decays in a damped String

The energy in a string subject to positive viscous damping is known to decay exponentially in time. Under the assumption that the damping is of bounded variation, we identify the best rate of decay with the supremum of the real part of the spectrum of the infinitesimal generator of the underlying semigroup. We analyze the spectrum of this nonselfadjoint operator in some detail. Our bounds on its real eigenvalues and asymptotic form of its large eigenvalues translate into criteria for over/underdamping and a proof that the decay rate achieves its (negative) minimum over those dampings whose total variation does not exceed a prescribed value.     

Geometric properties of root vectors for equation of nonhomogeneous damped string: transformation operators method

The spectral decomposition theorem for a class of nonselfadjoint operators in a Hilbert space is obtained in the paper. These operators are the dynamics generators for the systems governed by 1–dim hyperbolic equations with spatially nonhomogeneous coefficients containing first order damping terms and subject to linear nonselfadjoint boundary conditions. These equations and boundary conditions describe, in particular, a spatially nonhomogeneous string subject to a distributed viscous damping and also damped at the boundary points. The main result leading to the spectral decomposition is the fact that the generalized eigenvectors (root vectors) of the above operators form Riesz bases in the corresponding energy spaces. The proofs are based on the transformation operators method. The classical concept of transformation operators is extended to the equation of damped string. Originally, this concept was developed by I. M. Gelfand, B. M. Levitan and V. A. Marchenko for 1–dim Schrödinger equation in connection with the inverse scattering problem. In the classical case, the transformation operator maps the exponential function (stationary wave function of the free particle) into the Jost solution of the perturbed Schrödinger equation. For the equation of a nonhomogeneous damped string, it is natural to introduce two transformation operators (outgoing and incoming transformation operators). The terminology is motivated by an analog with the Lax—Phillips scattering theory. The transformation operators method is used to reduce the Riesz bases property problem for the generalized eigenvectors to the similar problem for a system of nonharmonic exponentials whose complex frequencies are precisely the eigenvalues of our operators. The latter problem is solved based on the spectral asymptotics and known facts about exponential families. The main result presented in the paper means that the generator of a finite string with damping both in the equation and in the boundary conditions is a Riesz spectral operator. The latter result provides a class of nontrivial examples of non—selfadjoint operators which admit an analog of the spectral decomposition. The result also has significant applications in the control theory of distributed parameter systems.