基于MGPD模型的地质灾害风险的统计度量

利用扩展BurrⅫ分布构建了改进的广义帕累托分布模型—MGPD模型(Meliorated Generalized Pareto Distribution),由此得到了地质灾害损失的在险风险值和最大可能损失估计值。以湖南省娄底市地质灾害损失数据实证分析,结果显示:MGPD模型在刻画地质灾害损失数据时,比GPD模型的精度更高,具有更广泛的适用性。     

多损失WCVaR模型的等价性定理

研究了多概率分布簇下的多损失下的WCVaR(Multi Worst Conditional Value-at-Risk)模型等价性定理, 根据概率分布簇的VaR测度值, 定义了多损失下的WCVaR风险测度值和对应的多目标优化模型(MWCVaR), 证明了多目标优化模型(MWCVaR)等价另一个多目标优化模型求解. 对于有限分布簇情形, 在一定条件下, 证明了用有限个分布簇就可以近似计算多损失(MWCVaR)优化模型.     

SOME PROBLEMS OF THE TIME DISCRETE HOPFIELD NEURAL NETWORK SYSTEM

如果一个Hopfield神经网络系统(以下简记为HNNS)是时间离散、状态连续的,就称之为时间离散的HNNS(以下简记为TD-HNNS).对这种系统,如果在它的算子的作用下,状态的能量函数具有固定的增、减趋势,那么就称之为单向的TD-HNNS.本文讨论并给出了这种模型的一系列性质,如运动轨迹的稳定性、收敛性和稳定解的唯一性等,并由此给出了它在优化计算中的一系列应用.     

离散DGM(1,1,t~α)模型

针对具有部分指数特征且含时间幂次项的数据序列,分别建立了以x~0(1)和x~1(n)为初始条件的离散DGM(1,1,t~α)模型,并给出了α取1,2时的模型公式及其推导过程;根据数据序列的最小二乘曲线并不一定就是由初始值迭代拟合生成的曲线,对DGM(1,1,t~α)模型的迭代基值进行了优化,并给出了基值修正项的估计式;最后,通过一个实例验证了所建模型的合理性与实用性.     

基于初始值和背景值改进的GM(1, 1)模型优化与应用

针对在现实生活中, 经典GM(1,1)模型预测精度不稳定, 且以往的优化方法大部分具有片面性的缺点, 文章对经典GM(1,1)模型背景值与初始值进行改进, 提出了一种组合优化方法:根据动态寻优原则, 将背景值设为变量, 其参数以及时间响应式由MRE取最小值时确定;同时, 采用差分方程取代以x⁽¹⁾(1)为固定点的静态方程。将初始值和背景值看作变量, 以系统地减少模型误差。结合国内石油年消费量数据, 分别应用经典和改进后的GM(1,1)模型进行计算和误差对比, 验证了改进后的模型精度要显著优于经典模型。     

一类集值映射向量优化问题的ε-有效解

集值映射向量优化问题是最优化理论中的一个重要方向.在集值映射为生成锥内部-锥一类凸(简记为ic-锥类凸)的假设条件下,利用择一定理,给出了集值映射向量优化问题ε-弱有效解和ε-有效解的最优性条件和ε-Lagrange乘子定理,是弱有效解和有效解相应结果的推广.     

基于背景值优化的GM(1,1)模型在牡丹江GDP预测中的应用

针对GDP是制定地区经济发展战略目标和宏观经济政策的重要参考指标,若能对此指标进行准确的预测,则将会极大有利于该地区制定科学有效的经济政策.鉴于此,对能够影响传统GM(1,1)模型预测精度的背景值进行了优化分析,得到了背景值优化的GM(1,1)预测模型,利用牡丹江市近六年来的GDP数据,将背景值优化的GM(1,1)模型与传统GM(1,1)模型的预测误差做了对比分析,发现前者较后者在预测精度上有了较好的改善,并利用背景值优化的GM(1,1)模型对牡丹江市未来几年的GDP进行了科学预测,并依据预测结果,给出了提高牡丹江经济增长及增长方式转变的对策建议.     

稳健交通均衡模型的SDP松弛

交通均衡问题在城市交通管理中具有重要意义.研究均衡交通的目的是通过对稳定交通流进行量化分析、,为决策者提供交通规划及管理的依据.Wardrop交通均衡原理是描述交通均衡问题的基石,本文在其扩展之一的稳健Wardrop(Robust Wardrop,简记为RW)互补均衡模型的基础上,将不确定因素的盒子约束改进为球约束,以改善原有模型的保守度.其次给出带有不确定因素的稳健Wardrop极小化形式及其确定性稳健对应模型(Robust Counterpart,简记为RC).最后通过SDP松弛手段将稳健对应模型(RC)松弛为容易的线性半定规划问题进行求解,并给出实例说明,为不确定因素影响下的交通均衡问题提供了一种新的有效模型及解法.     

尖峰厚尾保险损失数据的统计建模

保险损失数据的一个重要特点是尖峰厚尾性,即既有大量的小额损失,又有少量的高额损失,使得通常的损失分布模型很难拟合此类数据,从而出现了对各种损失分布模型进行改进的尝试.改进后的模型一方面要有较高的峰度,另一方面又要有较厚的尾部.最近几年文献中出现的改进模型主要是组合模型,即把一个具有非零众数的模型(如对数正态分布或威布尔分布)与一个厚尾分布模型(如帕累托分布或广义帕累托分布)进行组合.讨论了这些组合模型的性质和特点,并与偏t正态分布和偏t分布进行了比较分析,最后应用MCMC方法估计模型参数,并通过一个实际损失数据的拟合分析,表明偏t分布对尖峰厚尾损失数据的拟合要优于目前已经提出的各种组合模型.     

基于BSA-ELM模型的建筑工程施工成本预测研究

针对建筑工程施工成本管理中成本难以预测的问题,提出用鸟群算法(BSA)优化极限学习机(ELM)模型的参数.首先,利用BSA对ELM模型的输入权值和偏置值进行优化;其次,构建出BSA-ELM建筑工程施工成本预测模型;最后,将BSA-ELM模型与实际工程施工成本数据相结合进行验证.结果表明:模型在成本预测中的精度比ELM模型、CSO-ELM模型、PSO-ELM模型和BP神经网络模型预测精度高,也为类似预测问题提供了一种新的预测方法.     

基于Bayes估计的金融风险值——VaR计算

初步研究了用Bayes估计计算金融风险值VaR,同时阐明了运用极值理论方法在Bayes估计下的金融风险值计算。并且借助统计计算方法——MCMC算法来求解参数的Bayes估计,有效的将Bayes思想融入到了VaR的计算中。用Bayes估计计算金融风险值VsR,可以帮助投资者将观测数据和自己所掌握的经验信息对VaR模型进行调整,使得vsR模型能够更准确地反映出金融市场的风险状况,据此做出更加正确的投资决策。     

基于Skewed-t分布的FIGARCH模型与VaR的度量

金融资产收益率序列的波动具有典型的尖峰厚尾和非对称性特征,描述这种特性需以合适的概率分布函数为基础.因此,寻求更好的概率分布函数对风险度量、VaR的计算有着十分重要的意义.有鉴于此引入Skewed-t分布度量VaR,并比较分析了RiskMetrics及FIGARCH类模型度量VaR值的准确程度,本文同时分析了多头头寸和空头头寸情况下的VaR.结果表明,在两种头寸情况下,Skewed-t分布在空头和多头情形对资产厚尾特性以及非对称性的拟合效果均要比正态分布好;在两种头寸中不同的置信水平下,FIAGARCH(CHUNG)模型预测的VaR值改进了使用传统模型的精确性,高估或低估风险的程度较轻.     

基于CAViaR的DCC模型及其对中国股市的实证研究

VaR是金融风险度量方面研究的热点.CAViaR模型可以用来直接计算单个资产的VaR,DCC模型可以用于刻画资产间的相关性.结合这两个模型,通过分位数估计方差的方法,提出了基于CAViaR的DCC模型来计算投资组合的VaR.对中国股市的实证研究表明其具有更好的效果.     

Modelling dynamic portfolio risk using risk drivers of elliptical processes

The situation of a limited availability of historical data is frequently encountered in portfolio risk estimation, especially in credit risk estimation. This makes it difficult, for example, to find statistically significant temporal structures in the data on the single asset level. By contrast, there is often a broader availability of cross-sectional data, i.e. a large number of assets in the portfolio. This paper proposes a stochastic dynamic model which takes this situation into account. The modelling framework is based on multivariate elliptical processes which model portfolio risk via sub-portfolio specific volatility indices called portfolio risk drivers. The dynamics of the risk drivers are modelled by multiplicative error models (MEMs)-as introduced by Engle [Engle, R.F., 2002. New frontiers for ARCH models. J. Appl. Econom. 17, 425-446]-or by traditional ARMA models. The model is calibrated to Moody’s KMV Credit Monitor asset returns (also known as firm-value returns) given on a monthly basis for 756 listed European companies at 115 time points from 1996 to 2005. This database is used by financial institutions to assess the credit quality of firms. The proposed risk drivers capture the volatility structure of asset returns in different industry sectors. A characteristic cyclical as well as a seasonal temporal structure of the risk drivers is found across all industry sectors. In addition, each risk driver exhibits idiosyncratic developments. We also identify correlations between the risk drivers and selected macroeconomic variables. These findings may improve the estimation of risk measures such as the (portfolio) Value at Risk. The proposed methods are general and can be applied to any series of multivariate asset or equity returns in finance and insurance.     

Estimation of Value at Risk by Extreme Value Methods

Value at Risk (VaR) is defined as a low quantile in the distribution of financial profits and losses. It is the most commonly used measure of market risk in the financial industry. The methods currently used for estimation of VaR have various short comings as they are not aimed specifically at modeling the tails of the distribution of profits and losses; extreme value methods may prove valuable towards improving the current estimation methods. In this paper we give an overview of the current state of the art in applying extreme value methods to financial data and the problems encountered when doing so. We compare the performance of methods currently used for estimation of VaR to the performance of various extreme value methods and outline advantages and drawbacks of the different methods.     

规避风险的多阶段最优库存研究

基于市场需求是随机的,并且在进行市场销售前,就要确定每个阶段的生产数量的背景下,建立了具有规避风险的多阶段库存凸随机规划模型.该模型以最小化损失函数的期望值为目标函数,以规避风险为约束条件,以价值风险(VaR)和条件价值风险(CVaR)为风险度量;采用样本平均近似方法(SAA)求解该模型,并分析样本平均近似方法的收敛性;最后,给出数值结果.     

风险管理技术(VAR)在养老保险基金管理中的运用

本文分析了VAR测算模型、VAR测算模型的两种特殊情形、固定收入金融工具与VAR关系等 ,就风险管理技术 (VAR)在养老保险基金管理中的运用作了一些有益的探索 ,为实现养老保险基金的保值奠定良好的基础     

How to estimate the Value at Risk under incomplete information

A key problem in financial and actuarial research, and particularly in the field of risk management, is the choice of models so as to avoid systematic biases in the measurement of risk. An alternative consists of relaxing the assumption that the probability distribution is completely known, leading to interval estimates instead of point estimates. In the present contribution, we show how this is possible for the Value at Risk, by fixing only a small number of parameters of the underlying probability distribution. We start by deriving bounds on tail probabilities, and we show how a conversion leads to bounds for the Value at Risk. It will turn out that with a maximum of three given parameters, the best estimates are always realized in the case of a unimodal random variable for which two moments and the mode are given. It will also be shown that a lognormal model results in estimates for the Value at Risk that are much closer to the upper bound than to the lower bound.     

Sudden changes in variance and time varying hedge ratios

This paper analyzes the influence of sudden changes in the unconditional volatility on the estimation and forecast of volatility and its impact on futures hedging strategies. We employ several multivariate GARCH models to estimate the optimal hedge ratios for the Spanish stock market including in each one some well-known patterns that may affect volatility forecasts (asymmetry and sudden changes). The main empirical results show that more complex models including sudden changes in volatility outperform the simpler models in hedging effectiveness both with in-sample and out-of-sample analysis. However, the evidence is stronger when the loss distribution tail is used as a measure for the effectiveness (Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES)) suggesting that traditional measures based on the variance of the hedged portfolio should be used with caution.     

用矩匹配方法计算非线性风险度

矩匹配方法是用来求解非线性风险度(Value at Risk，简称：VaR)的一种普遍性方法，它是先假定样本经验分布服从已知分布族，然后运用矩匹配估计方法估计相应的参数，得到资产回报样本的密度函数，再计算风险度VaR；本采用的Johnson分布族是矩匹配方法的直接应用，并且计算出来的结果与局部Monte．Carlo结果进行了比较。并通过实证分析认为这种方法是一种良好的计算非线性VaR方法。