一种基于复杂性理论的装备作战仿真方法

采用什么样的计算机仿真方法来隐喻真实的作战系统是装备作战仿真研究的关键问题.从复杂性科学的研究角度,引入了复杂适应系统(CAS)理论及其技术体系,提炼了基于Agents/space的建模与仿真框架,说明了框架实现的关键技术——可计算模型、复杂性解决方案和仿真实现平台.进而利用该方法进行了典型装备作战仿真问题研究,包括:利用神经网络、三维连续空间可计算模型,并选用Mason平台实现了装甲装备战损规律仿真;利用三层元胞自动机、产生式系统可计算模型,并选用Repast平台实现了装备群对抗仿真.为基于复杂性理论开展装备作战仿真或具有类似特征问题的研究提供了一种新的试验途径.     

G/G/k模型下面对时间敏感顾客的即时服务平台供需协调问题研究

服务方通过一个即时服务平台为时间和价格均敏感的顾客提供服务,平台决定服务价格和服务方工资.基于即时服务平台的特征建立随机需求排队模型,将G/G/k排队模型等待时间函数引入顾客效用中,研究影响平台决策的市场因素.首先分析使用固定支付比例时平台的最优决策特征,然后扩展到使用动态支付比例的即时服务平台决策模型,并进行数值实验...     

Z源逆变器在开关磁阻风力发电系统中的应用

根据开关磁阻风力发电系统工作原理及对并网过程分析,结合Z源逆变器的单级式升降压特性,针对发电机输出直流电压偏低的情况,采用基于SVPWM调制的Z源逆变器实现系统并网的策略,实现逆变后输出电压满足并网的要求.通过并网逆变控制器的设计实现Z源网络的电容端电压的稳定及系统的有功功率和无功功率控制.在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台下,建立开关磁阻风力发电系统和Z源逆变器的仿真模型,仿真运行结果表明Z源逆变器应用于开关磁阻风力发电并网系统中的可行性和有效性.     

一种具有无扰切换功能的位置型自抗扰控制器数字实现

介绍了一种位置型自抗扰控制器(Active Disturbance Rejection Control,ADRC)的数字实现.根据线性一阶和二阶自抗扰算法的计算原理,提出自抗扰控制器无扰切换的具体逻辑实现方法,使得控制方式转换过程可以平滑进行,避免对系统造成额外干扰.通过C语言的实现形式,测试所提出的数字型自抗扰控制算法基本闭环控制功能,并证明所提出的位置型自抗扰控制器可以实现ADRC/PID/手动模式之间的无扰切换.仿真结果表明了该位置型控制器在过程控制平台中应用的有效性和可实现性.     

基于教育部评价指标的高校发展仿真模型建立与应用研究

高校管理是一项涉及多层面、多要素变量的复杂系统,教育部建立高校评价指标体系对各高校现发展水平进行评价,促进国家教育发展.如何建立科学的评价指标体系?如何提高评价效应已有很多研究.但,未来发展仿真研究很少,因此,进行依据评价指标建立仿真方程、建立可靠性高的仿真模型研究很有意义.本文运用逐树设撤关联数结构行为检验建模法,基于教育部高校评价指标体系建立6个流位流率对构成的流位流率系;分别应用流率历史枝、主撑枝、条件枝法构建6棵流率入树基本结构,基于历史数据建立流率历史枝变量仿真方程;基于教育部高校评价指标的内涵等式建立刻画未来发展的主撑枝变量的仿真方程,基于表函数、延迟函数等建立条件枝变量仿真方程;通过设撤关联数分别进行T1(t)、T1(t)T2(t)、…、T1(t)T2(t)T3(t)…T6(t)各入树组合的结构行为检验,提高模型的可靠性,构建了高校管理系统的系统动力学(SD)评价仿真模型.通过高校最重要人力资源教师发展规划实施调控函数的不同调控参数下分别进行全系统仿真,分别揭示十二五、十三五期间各年满足教育部评价指标的教师数、在校生数、校建面积、教学设备、专业、收支差的数据复杂定量变化结果.为典型高校未来发展提供了具普遍意义的决策依据,为基于评价指标建立仿真方程,为提高仿真模型可靠性提供了新方法.     

网络推手参与的社交媒体舆情传播四方演化博弈

针对网络推手参与社交媒体的舆情炒作和操纵行为,探讨如何实现对社交媒体平台的舆情传播进行有效管控.构建基于网络推手、社交媒体平台、政府监管部门和网民等四方利益主体的演化博弈模型,分析各博弈主体的稳定策略,并通过实验仿真探讨关键要素对博弈模型的影响.研究得到如下结论:1)权威媒体及时辟谣能够有效阻断社交媒体平台上虚假舆情信息传播:2)政府监管部门加强对网络推手和社交媒体平台的有效监管,加大违规惩罚力度,可对网络推手起到有力警醒,督促社交媒体规范舆情信息推送流程;3)主流媒体平台发布的舆情信息较为可靠,网民对小道消息应及时查证.据此,提出政府有效监管社交媒体平台舆情传播的相关建议,为净化网络信息空间,保障网民权益,维护社会安定团结,提供决策参考.     

开源教学平台的可用性研究——以Sakai为例

越来越多的国内外高校开始考虑使用基于开源软件的网络教学平台,在投入使用之前,开源教学平台一般需要进行二次开发过程,其中需要重点解决平台的可用性问题,因为网络教学平台的可用性是影响学习效果的重要因素.发现并解决网络教学环境中的可用性问题,是促进人机交互、提高学习效率的重要途径.开源教学平台的可用性指的是系统的有效性、效率和满意度,分析了网络教学平台的可用性诉求,并以浙江大学Sakai开放学习平台为例,进行个案研究.使用了ThinkAloud、观察法和访谈法等可用性测试方法,研究结果发现,浙江大学Sakai开放学习平台主要功能人机交互设计合理,但是由于文化差异和用户使用习惯问题,部分功能存在一定的可用性问题,值得学习平台设计者借鉴.     

基于特征模型的永磁同步电机非线性黄金分割自适应控制

针对永磁同步电机系统复杂难以准确建模和控制器设计不易问题,文章采用id=0的矢量控制策略,建立了永磁同步电机的二阶特征模型,经验证其动态特性能真实逼近实际模型.基于该特征模型设计了一个带有安排过渡过程且以非线性黄金分割自适应控制器为主的控制方案.通过Simulink仿真实现了该控制方案下可调参数的整定以及方案可行性的验证.最后在实际平台上验证了控制方案的有效性,实验结果表明该方案能够实现永磁同步电机的高精度控制.     

基于初等几何方法的π数值计算的探索实验

探讨了基于初等几何方法的圆周率π的数值计算的探索数学实验教学.展现了整个实验的实验设计,数据分析,发现、估计及验证规律的全过程.     

基于正交实验的突破行动计划拟定

阐述突破行动在进攻作战中的重要地位和面临的挑战,基于正交实验方法在EINSTein平台上获取突破行动作战仿真数据,运用统计分析的方法,分析各作战因素的重要性排序及交互作用,拟定单目标和多目标情况下突破行动的作战计划.     

Agent-based simulation for computational experimentation: Developing an artificial labor market

This paper discusses the creation of an artificial labor market (ALM) as an agent-based simulation model. We trace the development of the ALM by adapting the traditional simulation life cycle into two main parts: the model phase and the simulation phase. In the modeling phase of the life cycle, we focus upon agent representation and specification within the virtual world. In the simulation phase, we discuss the use of scenario planning as the experimentation vehicle. Throughout, we use military recruit market as an example to illustrate the methodology. The benefits of the ALM are (1) it provides a virtual world for continuous computational experimentation, (2) it supports market segmentation by allowing “drilldowns” to finer and finer levels of granularity, and (3) when connected via a common OLAP interface to a “real world” counterpart, it facilitates a tightly integrated, persistent, “sense and respond” decision support functionality.     

Memory management optimization problems for integrated circuit simulators

In hardware design, it is necessary to simulate the anticipated behavior of the integrated circuit before it is actually cast in silicon. As simulation procedures are long due to the great number of tests to be performed, optimization of the simulation code is of prime importance. This paper describes two mathematical models for the minimization of the memory access times for a cycle-based simulator.An integrated circuit being viewed as a directed acyclic graph, the problem consists in building a graph order on the vertices, compatible with the relation order induced by the graph, in order to minimize a cost function that represents the memory access time. For both proposed cost functions, we show that the corresponding problems are NP-complete. However, we show that the special cases where the graphs are in-trees or out-trees can be solved in polynomial time.     

A Joint DAE/PDE Model for Interconnected Electrical Networks

To model transmission lines effects in integrated circuits, we couple the network equations for the circuits with the telegrapher's equations for the transmission lines. This results in an initial/boundary value problem for a mixed system of Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAEs) and hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). By semidiscretization the system is transformed into differential-algebraic equations in time only. We apply this modeling approach to a CMOS ring oscillator, an oscillatory circuit with transmission lines as coupling units, and discuss the simulation results.     

Development and Implementation of an Integrated Mathematics/Science Preservice Elementary Methods Course

If integration of mathematics and science is to occur, teacher preparation programs at colleges and universities must provide leadership in developing and modeling methods of teaching integrated content. This paper describes the development and implementation of an integrated mathematics/science preservice elementary methods course at the University of Connecticut. In planning the course several questions were addressed: (a) What does integration of mathematics and science mean? (b) What content should be taught in an integrated mathematics/science (IM/S) elementary methods course? and (c) How should an IM/S elementary methods course be taught? An important element of the course involved enlisting an exemplary elementary teacher who was released from her classroom one day per week to co-teach the methods class. Establishing a definition of integration proved to be one of the most challenging aspects of course development. The authors determined that most difficulties in integration of disciplines result from attempts to “force” the integration. As the team struggled with the philosophical, theoretical and logistical problems in the development of the course, it became apparent why integration has not been more widely implemented. It is believed this model can be adapted to allow for integration of all content areas. Plans are currently underway to incorporate social studies into the methods class for Fall of 1993.     

高校科研创新与管理的演化博弈分析

科学研究是高校的四大重要职能之一,也是一个大学综合实力的重要体现,高校对教师科研创新的激励政策和管理对全校科研氛围至关重要。以参与人有限理性为前提,本文首先分析了高校当前体制环境下影响科研工作者和管理部门决策的因素,基于演化博弈视角建立高校科研工作者与管理部门之间行为的博弈支付矩阵,构建了相关行为的复制动态方程,然后,基于演化博弈理论研究了科研人员和管理部门行为的演化路径以及影响演化的因素,研究得出了科研人员个体不同策略选择对群体行为产生的影响。为系统化、定量化的研究科研创新行为,本文基于Matlab GUI平台对科研创新与管理进行了演化仿真。系统分析了不同的初始条件和决策参数对演化结果的影响。本文的分析方法可为高校及科研管理部门提供决策支持,以适时采取适度的奖励政策,引导科研向高水平方向演化,提高高校的科研创新水平。     

论大学数学实验课的教学设计

数学既是演绎科学也是实验科学,大学数学实验体现了数学的教育价值.大学数学实验课的教学设计范式包括:基础实验式和综合实验式,基础实验式包括验证性实验式和计算性实验式,综合实验式包括探索性实验式(探究、猜想、模拟)和应用性实验式.针对不同的实验内容,采用不同的教学设计范式来提高大学数学实验课的教学效率.     

The importance of being systematically surprisable: Comparative social simulation as experimental technique

We argue that computer simulation can serve as a functional equivalent for the experimental method in sociology, with respect to theory development. To this end we present accounts of experimentation and simulation by experimenting/simulating scientists and sociologists of science. From these analyses we conclude desirable features of a simulation method: generality, surprisability and power to separate. That means that it should be widely applicable, capable of surprising the researcher, and capable of separating surprising results that originate from sociological features of the model from those that stem from technical features. We demonstrate three methods that may provide these features: emergence, fixing points of reference, and comparative response testing. We develop the latter method in greater depth by discussing an exemplary simulation study.     

高校教学质量评价的属性识别法

阐述了高校教学质量评价的属性识别法.并应用此方法对普通高等学校的教学质量进行评价,指出了属性识别理论与模糊综合评判方法相比的优越之处.为普通高等学校教学质量评价提供了一种量化处理的方法.     

Is There a Place in OR for Intelligent Tutoring Systems?

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) have recently found a wide range of potential applications across a multitude of disciplines and subject areas. This paper investigates the suitability and feasibility of developing ITS in the general context of OR as well as in a specific OR activity, simulation. It also examines how a current teaching aid for simulation model debugging can be transformed into an ITS and proposes a specification for the transformation process. The paper concludes that ITS could be useful in OR either for use as prime training systems or integrated in existing OR teaching packages. However, the field of ITS is in its infancy and development efforts are likely to be labour-intensive.     

Learning from discrete-event simulation: Exploring the high involvement hypothesis

Discussion of learning from discrete-event simulation often takes the form of a hypothesis stating that involving clients in model building provides much of the learning necessary to aid their decisions. Whilst practitioners of simulation may intuitively agree with this hypothesis they are simultaneously motivated to reduce the model building effort through model reuse. As simulation projects are typically limited by time, model reuse offers an alternative learning route for clients as the time saved can be used to conduct more experimentation. We detail a laboratory experiment to test the high involvement hypothesis empirically, identify mechanisms that explain how involvement in model building or model reuse affect learning and explore the factors that inhibit learning from models. Measurement of learning focuses on the management of resource utilisation in a case study of a hospital emergency department and through the choice of scenarios during experimentation. Participants who reused a model benefitted from the increased experimentation time available when learning about resource utilisation. However, participants who were involved in model building simulated a greater variety of scenarios including more validation type scenarios early on. These results suggest that there may be a learning trade-off between model reuse and model building when simulation projects have a fixed budget of time. Further work evaluating client learning in practice should track the origin and choice of variables used in experimentation; studies should also record the methods modellers find most effective in communicating the impact of resource utilisation on queuing.