微分对策中的联盟解

提出时间区间[t_0,∞)上的n人微分对策两阶段联盟解. 在第一阶段不能形成大联盟的假设是自然的,即源于这一思想. 在第一阶段以联盟作为局中人的对策中计算得到其纳什均衡,之后对每个联盟的收益按Shapley值进行分配. 一个n人微分减排模型的例子阐明了上述结果.     

Two noncooperative games between a coalition and its surrounding in a class of n-person games with constant sum

A cooperative game engendered by a noncooperative n-person game (the master game) in which any subset of n players may form a coalition playing an antagonistic game against the residual players (the surrounding) that has a (Nash equilibrium) solution, is considered, along with another noncooperative game in which both a coalition and its surrounding try to maximize their gains that also possesses a Nash equilibrium solution. It is shown that if the master game is the one with constant sum, the sets of Nash equilibrium strategies in both above-mentioned noncooperative games (in which a coalition plays with (against) its surrounding) coincide.     

具有区间联盟值n人对策的Shapley值

本文提出了一类具有区间联盟收益值n人对策的Shapley值.利用区间数运算有关理论,通过建立公理化体系,对具有区间联盟收益值n人对策的Shapley值进行深入研究,证明了这类n人对策Shapley值存在性与唯一性,并给出了此Shapley值的具体表达式及一些性质.最后通过一个算例检验了其有效性与正确性.     

The consistent Shapley value for hyperplane games

A new value is defined for n-person hyperplane games, i.e., non-sidepayment cooperative games, such that for each coalition, the Pareto optimal set is linear. This is a generalization of the Shapley value for side-payment games. It is shown that this value is consistent in the sense that the payoff in a given game is related to payoffs in reduced games (obtained by excluding some players) in such a way that corrections demanded by coalitions of a fixed size are cancelled out. Moreover, this is the only consistent value which satisfies Pareto optimality (for the grand coalition), symmetry and covariancy with respect to utility changes of scales. It can be reached by players who start from an arbitrary Pareto optimal payoff vector and make successive adjustments.     

重复n人随机合作对策的τ-核心

在重复n人随机合作对策中定义了τ-优超的概念,并通过运用τ-优超的概念对重复n人随机合作对策中的核心进行了精炼,即定义了重复n人随机合作对策的τ-核心.最后给出了重复n人随机合作对策τ-核心与核心的关系及τ-核心所满足的性质和特征.     

The kernel for the grand coalition of the four-person game

This paper presents a detailed procedure for computing the kernel for the grand coalition of any four-person game.     

Axiomatizations of symmetrically weighted solutions

If the excesses of the coalitions in a transferable utility game are weighted, then we show that the arising weighted modifications of the well-known (pre)nucleolus and (pre)kernel satisfy the equal treatment property if and only if the weight system is symmetric in the sense that the weight of a subcoalition of a grand coalition may only depend on the grand coalition and the size of the subcoalition. Hence, the symmetrically weighted versions of the (pre)nucleolus and the (pre)kernel are symmetric, i.e., invariant under symmetries of a game. They may, however, violate anonymity, i.e., they may depend on the names of the players. E.g., a symmetrically weighted nucleolus may assign the classical nucleolus to one game and the per capita nucleolus to another game.     

The kernel and bargaining set for convex games

It is shown that for convex games the bargaining set? ₁ ⁽ⁱ⁾ (for the grand coalition) coincides with the core. Moreover, it is proved that the kernel (for the grand coalition) of convex games consists of a unique point which coincides with the nucleolus of the game.     

一种资源投入不确定情形下的合作博弈形式及收益分配策略

首先,将经典合作博弈进行扩展,提出了一类模糊联盟合作博弈的通用形式,涵盖常见三种模糊联盟合作博弈,即多线性扩展博弈、比例模糊博弈与Choquet积分模糊博弈.比例模糊博弈、Choquet积分模糊博弈的Shapley值均可以作为一种特定形式下模糊联盟合作博弈的收益分配策略,但是对于多线性扩展博弈的Shapley值一直关注较少,因此利用经典Shapley值构造出多线性扩展博弈的Shapley值,以此作为一种收益分配策略.最后,通过实例分析了常见三类模糊联盟合作博弈的形式及其对应的分配策略,分析收益最大的模糊联盟合作对策形式及最优分配策略,为不确定情形下的合作问题提供了一定的收益分配依据.     

Cooperative games with coalition structures

Many game-theoretic solution notions have been defined or can be defined not only with reference to the all-player coalition, but also with reference to an arbitrary coalition structure. In this paper, theorems are established that connect a given solution notion, defined for a coalition structure ? with the same solution notion applied to appropriately defined games on each of the coalitions in ?. This is done for the kernel, nucleolus, bargaining set, value, core, and thevon Neumann-Morgenstern solution. It turns out that there is a single function that plays the central role in five out of the six solution notions in question, though each of these five notions is entirely different. This is an unusual instance of a game theoretic phenomenon that does not depend on a particular solution notion but holds across a wide class of such notions.     

Polytopes of special classes of the balanced transferable utility games

Under study are the polytopes of (0, 1)-normalized convex and 1-convex (dual simplex) n-person TU-games and monotonic big boss games.We solve the characterization problems of the extreme points of the polytopes of 1-convex games, symmetric convex games, and big boss games symmetric with respect to the coalition of powerless agents. For the remaining polytopes, some subsets of extreme points are described.     

信息集广义多目标博弈弱Pareto-Nash平衡点的存在性和稳定性

首先把信息集的概念引入到多目标博弈, 建立了信息集广义多目标博弈模型, 并指出了信息集广义多目标博弈以广义多目标博弈、广义n人非合作博弈、一般n人非合作博弈为特例, 然后用Fan-Glicksberg不动点定理证明了信息集广义多目标博弈弱Pareto-Nash平衡点的存在性, 最后在本质解和强本质解的意义下, 分别研究了信息集广义多目标博弈弱Pareto-Nash平衡点的通有稳定性和强本质连通区的存在性.     

宏观调控政策协调的TU和NTU合作博弈分析

宏观经济政策之间的协调及其调控收益的分配实际上可看做n人合作博弈.通过构造宏观政策组合的二人TU博弈模型,分析了政策组合的调控力度、收益及其分配比例值的相互关系,并重新构建政策组合调控总收益的特征函数,把宏观政策协调的二人TU博弈分析依次扩展至n人TU博弈情形和NTU博弈情形,给出相应的政策调控收益分配的Shapley值,提出确定宏观政策组合中各项政策调控的参与力度的具体办法,有效地解释了加强政策协调配合的宏观调控精神,对宏观调控实践具有一定的指导意义.     

多人合作费用分摊的多目标规划解法

考虑核心是空集的情况，针对核心法的适用范围和局限性，建立了一种多人合作费用分摊的多目标规划模型，给出了求解费用分摊方案的两阶段算法。最后通过一个实例说明了该方法的可行性。     

弱1—凸对策及其解的性质

本文提出了一类特殊的ｎ人合作对策模型─—弱１—凸对策，研究了弱１—凸对策的解的性质，并证明弱１—凸对策的解满足所有常见的公理化特征．     

图象拓扑下的Ky Fan引理解集的本质连通区及其在对策论上的应用

本文在集值映射的图象拓扑意义下,证明了赋范线性空间中的Ky Fan引理的解集的本质连通区的存在性,由此得到一类对策的Nash平衡点集的本质连通区的存在性.     

基于Choquet积分的直觉模糊联盟合作博弈的Shapley值

本文针对联盟是直觉模糊集的合作博弈Shapley值进行了研究.通过区间Choquet积分得到直觉模糊联盟合作博弈的特征函数为区间数,并研究了该博弈特征函数性质。根据拓展模糊联盟合作博弈Shapley值的计算方法,得到直觉模糊联盟合作博弈Shapley值的计算公式,该计算公式避免了区间数的减法。进一步证明了其满足经典合作博弈Shapley值的公理性。最后通过数值实例说明本文方法的合理性和有效性。     

基于Choquet积分形式的模糊联盟核心

在具有联盟结构的合作对策中,针对局中人以某种程度参与到合作中的情况,研究了模糊联盟结构的合作对策的收益分配问题。首先,定义了具有模糊联盟结构的合作对策及相关概念。其次,定义了Choquet积分形式的模糊联盟核心,提出了该核心与联盟核心之间的关系,对于强凸联盟对策,证明Choquet积分形式的模糊Owen值属于其所对应的模糊联盟核心。最后通过算例,对该分配模型的可行性进行分析。     

A COALITION APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF HIGH SEAS FISHERIES IN THE PRESENCE OF EXTERNALITIES

ABSTRACT. The current paper extends the coalition approach of the management of high seas fisheries to the presence of externalities. The coalition approach is set within the framework of a two‐stage game in which the payoffs depend on the entire coalition structure and are determined through a partition function. The relationship between the presence of externalities and the stability of the coalition structures is explored. The equilibrium coalition structures of the game are also examined. The application of the game to the Northern Atlantic bluefin tuna shows a typical picture of the high seas fisheries: the simultaneous presence of strong externalities in the coalition structures and the absence of stability of the grand coalition. A fundamental conclusion of this paper is that, generally, in order to guarantee the stability of the cooperative agreements it is not sufficient to implement a fair sharing rule for the distribution of the returns from cooperation. Stability requires a legal regime preventing the players that engage in noncooperative behavior from having access to the resource.     

Potential functions for finding stable coalition structures

The existence of a Nash-stable coalition structure in cooperative games with the Aumann–Dreze value is investigated. Using the framework of potential functions, it is proved that such a coalition structure exists in any cooperative game. In addition, a similar result is established for some linear values of the game, in particular, the Banzhaf value. For a cooperative game with vector payments, a type of stability based on maximizing the guaranteed payoffs of all players is proposed.