关于{P2, Ci| i≥3}-覆盖图

设 Ｇ是一个图,若对于 Ｇ的任意一边 Ｇ都有｛Ｐ_２,Ｃｉ｜ｉ－＞３｝－因子含有这条边,则称Ｇ是｛Ｐ_２,Ｃｉ｜ｉ－＞３｝－覆盖图．本文给出连通非二分图Ｇ是｛Ｐ２,Ｃｉ｜ｉ－＞３｝－覆盖图的充要条件为任给Ｓ■Ｖ（Ｇ）,Ｖ（Ｇ）≠Ｓ≠■有ｉ（Ｇ－Ｓ）＿＞｜Ｓ｜－１成立．     

贪婪t－相交有限序列族

设Ｆ为有限序列族，对ａ＝（ａ１，ａ２，…，ａｎ）∈Ｆ，ａｉ为整数且０≤ａｉ≤ｓｉ（整数），记ｓ（ａ）＝｛ｊ｜１≤ｊ≤ｎ，ａｊ＞０｝，ｓ（Ｆ）＝｛ｓ（ａ）｜ａ∈Ｆ｝，及Ａ｛１，２，…，ｎ｝时Ｗ（Ａ）＝Пｉ∈Ａｓｉ．称Ｆ为贪婪ｔ－相交，如对任何ａ，ｂ∈Ｆ，至少有ｔ个ａｉ，ｂｉ＞０，且Ｗ（Ａ）≥Ｗ（（｛１，２，…，ｎ｝－Ａ）＋Ｂ）对任何Ａ∈Ｓ（Ｆ）及ＢＡ（｜Ｂ｜＝ｔ－１）成立．本文得到当ｓ１＞ｓ２＞…＞ｓｎ时的最大贪婪ｔ－相交有限序列族．     

2-阶邻域连通无爪图的Hamilton性

设Ｇ是无爪图．对ｘ∈Ｖ（Ｇ），若Ｇ［Ｎ（ｘ）］不连通，则存在ｙｉ∈Ｖ（Ｇ）－｛ｘ｝（ｉ－１，２），使｜Ｎ（ｙｉ）∩Ｋｉ（ｘ）｜≥２，且｜Ｎ（ｙｉ）∩Ｎ（Ｋｉ＋１（ｘ））｛ｘ｝｜≥２（ｉ模２），那么称无爪图Ｇ是强２－阶邻域连通的，其中Ｋ１（ｘ），Ｋ２（ｘ）分别表示Ｇ［Ｎ（ｘ）］的两个分支．本文证明了：连通且强２－阶邻域连通的无爪图是Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ图．     

大次和1—坚韧图中的最长圈

给一个图Ｇ，定义σ３（Ｇ）＝ｍｉｎ｛Σ＾３ｉ＝１ｄ（ｖｉ）│｛ｖ１，ｖ２，ｖ３｝｝是Ｇ的无关集｝，ｐ３（Ｇ）＝ｍｉｎ｛│Ｕ＾３ｉ＝１Ｎ（ｖｉ）‖｛ｖ１，ｖ２，ｖ３｝是Ｇ中使│ｎ＾３ｉ＝１Ｎ（ｖｉ）│≠０｝的无关集｝。本文证明了：设Ｇ是ｎ阶１－坚韧图，如果σ３（Ｇ）≥ｎ，则Ｇ包含长度至少为ｍｉｎ｛ｎ，２ｐ３（Ｇ）＋４｝的圈，为个结果推广了若干已知结果，也解决了Ｂｒｏｅｒｓｍａ－Ｈｅｕｖｅｌ－Ｖｅｌｄ     

线性常微分方程组解的特征数的估计

复数域上线性系统ｘ＝Ａ（ｔ）ｘ，当Ａ（ｔ）＝（ａｉｊ（ｔ））ｎ×ｎ具有（ｎ，Ｎ，ｒ） 差异性质且ｒｎ时，解的特征数ｊ有估计λｊ－ｌｉｍｔ→∞１ｔ∫ｔｔ０Ｒｅａｊ（τ）ｄτｎ－１ｒ＋１－ｎｌｉｍｔ→∞１ｔ∫ｔｔ０Ａ（τ）ｄτ，ｊ＝１，２，…，ｎ，其中Ａ（ｔ）＝ｍａｘ｛｜ａｉｊ（ｔ）｜：ｉ，ｊ＝１，２，…，ｎ，ｉ≠ｊ．｝     

星形函数族的一个子族的极值点与支撑点

设Ｆ（｛ｎ｝）＝｛ｆ（ｚ）：ｆ（ｚ）在｜ｚ｜＜１内解析，ｆ（ｚ）＝ｚ－∞ｎ＝１ａｎｚｎ，ａｎ≥０，＋∞ｎ＝２ｎａｎ≤１｝，则Ｆ（｛ｎ｝）是星形函数族的一个子族．许多学者研究了这个函数族．设Ｍ＝｛ｆ（ｚ）：ｆ（ｚ）在｜ｚ｜＜１内解析，ｆ（ｚ）＝ｚ－∞ｎ＝１ａｎｚｎ，ａｎ≥ａｎ＋１≥０，＋∞ｎ＝２ｎａｎ≤１｝．在本文中我们找出了函数族Ｍ的极值点与支撑点．     

一个二维整数瓶颈问题及其算法

本文讨论了数学模型：ｍａｘ｛ｆ（ｘ）│ｆ（ｘ）＝ｍｉｎ（１≤ｊ≤ｎ）〔ｃ１ｊｘ１ｊ＋ｃ２ｊｘ２ｊ〕，ｘ∈Ｄ｝，其中Ｄ＝｛ｘ│ｘ＝｛ｘｉｊ｝，ｎΣ（ｊ＝１）ｘｉｊ＝ａ，ｉ＝１，２，ｘｉｊ≥０且为整数｝，并给出了一个拟多项式算法。     

Dirac定理的局部化与Hamilton图

设Ｇ为一个ｎ阶２－连通图，ｎ≥３．若｜Ｄ_ｎ／２（Ｋ_１，３）｜≥２且满足下述条件之一：ｉ）｜Ｄ_ｎ／２（Ｋ_１，３＋ｅ）｜≥２，ii）若Ｋ_１，３＋ｅ→Ｇ，ｘｙ(?)Ｅ（Ｋ_１，３＋ｅ），则ｍａｘ｛ｄＧ（ｘ），ｄＧ（ｙ）｝≥ｎ／２，则Ｇ是一个Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎｉａｎ图或其闭包为ｓＰ|⊕Ｈ，这里ｓＰ⊕Ｈ是一类极小２－边连通图．     

关于｛P2,Ci│i≥3｝—覆盖图

设Ｇ是一个图,若对于Ｇ的任意一边Ｇ都有｛Ｐ２,Ｃｉ│ｉ≥３｝－因子含有这条边,则称Ｇ是｛Ｐ２,Ｃｉ│ｉ≥３｝－覆盖图。本文给出连通非二分图Ｇ是｛Ｐ２,Ｃｉ│ｉ≥３｝－覆盖图的充要条件为任给Ｓ包含于Ｖ（Ｇ）,Ｖ（Ｇ）≠Ｓ≠ф有ｉ（Ｇ－Ｓ）≤│Ｓ│－１成立。     

等比数列的一个性质

设｛ａｎ｝是以ｑ为公比的等比数列,其前ｎ项和为Ｓｎ,若１≤ｍ＜ｎ,则易知　Ｓｎ＝Ｓｍ＋ｑｍＳｎ－ｍ．（１）特别地,当ｍ＝１而ｎ＞１时,有　　　　　Ｓｎ＝ａ１＋ｑＳｎ－１．（２）这是等比数列的一个简单性质,容易推出其逆命题也成立．下面举两例说明（１）和（２）的应用．例１　设｛ａｎ｝为等比数列,公比为ｑ,前ｎ项和为Ｓｎ．（Ⅰ）若对任何ｉ＝１,２,…,ｍ,有｜Ｓｉ｜≤Ｍ（常数）,则对任何ｉ＝１,２,…,２ｍ,有｜Ｓｉ｜≤（１＋｜ｑ｜ｍ）Ｍ．（Ⅱ）若对任何ｉ＝１,２,…,ｍ,有｜Ｓｉ｜≤Ｍ且｜ｑ｜＜１,…     

On graphs whose square have strong hamiltonian properties

The squareG² of a graph G is the graph having the same vertex set as G and two vertices are adjacent if and only if they are at distance at most 2 from each other. It is known that if G has no cut-vertex, then G² is Hamilton-connected (see [G. Chartrand, A.M. Hobbs, H.A. Jung, S.F. Kapoor, C.St.J.A. Nash-Williams, The square of a block is hamiltonian connected, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 16 (1974) 290-292; R.J. Faudree and R.H. Schelp, The square of a block is strongly path connected, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 20 (1976) 47-61]). We prove that if G has only one cut-vertex, then G² is Hamilton-connected. In the case that G has only two cut-vertices, we prove that if the block that contains the two cut-vertices is hamiltonian, then G² is Hamilton-connected. Further, we characterize all graphs with at most one cycle having Hamilton-connected square.     

Numbers of edges in supermagic graphs

A graph is called supermagic if it admits a labelling of the edges by pairwise different consecutive integers such that the sum of the labels of the edges incident with a vertex is independent of the particular vertex. In the paper we establish some bounds for the number of edges in supermagic graphs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 52: 15–26, 2006     

Spectra of Extended Double Cover Graphs

The construction of the extended double cover was introduced by N. Alon [1] in 1986. For a simple graph G with vertex set V = {v ₁, v ₂, ..., v _n }, the extended double cover of G, denoted G ^*, is the bipartite graph with bipartition (X, Y) where X = {x ₁, x ₂, ..., x _n } and Y = {y ₁, y ₂, ..., y _n }, in which x _i and y _j are adjacent iff i = j or v _i and v _j are adjacent in G.In this paper we obtain formulas for the characteristic polynomial and the spectrum of G ^* in terms of the corresponding information of G. Three formulas are derived for the number of spanning trees in G ^* for a connected regular graph G. We show that while the extended double covers of cospectral graphs are cospectral, the converse does not hold. Some results on the spectra of the nth iterared double cover are also presented.     

On the number of graphs with a given endomorphism monoid

For a given finite monoid , let be the number of graphs on n vertices with endomorphism monoid isomorphic to . For any nontrivial monoid we prove that where and are constants depending only on with .For every k there exists a monoid of size k with , on the other hand if a group of unity of has a size k>2 then .     

ARC-TRANSITIVE CUBIC GRAPHS OF ORDER 4_p

In this paper, a complete classification of arc-transitive cubic graphs of order 4p is given.     

Cores of Imprimitive Symmetric Graphs of Order a Product of Two Distinct Primes

A retract of a graph Γ is an induced subgraph Ψ of Γ such that there exists a homomorphism from Γ to Ψ whose restriction to Ψ is the identity map. A graph is a core if it has no nontrivial retracts. In general, the minimal retracts of a graph are cores and are unique up to isomorphism; they are called the core of the graph. A graph Γ is G‐symmetric if G is a subgroup of the automorphism group of Γ that is transitive on the vertex set and also transitive on the set of ordered pairs of adjacent vertices. If in addition the vertex set of Γ admits a nontrivial partition that is preserved by G, then Γ is an imprimitive G‐symmetric graph. In this paper cores of imprimitive symmetric graphs Γ of order a product of two distinct primes are studied. In many cases the core of Γ is determined completely. In other cases it is proved that either Γ is a core or its core is isomorphic to one of two graphs, and conditions on when each of these possibilities occurs is given.     

图的k部划分的一个注记

设k≥2是一个整数。本文证明了任意有m条边的图都存在一个顶点的划分V_1,V_2…,V_k,使得e(V_1,V_2…,V_k)≥k-1/k m+k-1/2k((2m+1/4)~1/2-1/2)-(k-2)~2/8k,且max{e(V_i):1≤i≤k}≤m/k~2+(k-1)/2k~2((2m+1/4)~1/2-1/2+3/8-7k-4/8k~2.我们的结果改进了[Fan G.,Hou J.,Zeng Q.,A bound for judicious k-partitions of graphs,Discrete Appl.Math.,2014,179:86—99]的主要结论.     

Cayley graphs of the group ℤ4 and limits for minimal vertex-primitive graphs of HA-type

We point out a countable set of pairwise nonisomorphic Cayley graphs of the group ℤ⁴ that are limit for finite minimal vertex-primitive graphs admitting a vertex-primitive automorphism group containing a regular Abelian normal subgroup. Supported by RFBR grant No. 06-01-00378. __________ Translated from Algebra i Logika, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 203–214, March–April, 2008.     

Bipartite density of cubic graphs

We first obtain the exact value for bipartite density of a cubic line graph on n vertices. Then we give an upper bound for the bipartite density of cubic graphs in terms of the smallest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix. In addition, we characterize, except in the case n=20, those graphs for which the upper bound is obtained.