均值-方差-近似偏度投资组合模型和实证分析

均值-方差投资组合模型作为现代投资组合理论的基础, 采用方差作为风险度量,但忽略了投资组合收益的非对称性. 而考虑收益非对称性的基于偏度的投资组合模型由于非凸和非二次性 使模型难以求解. 本文提出用上下半方差的比值近似刻画偏度, 建立了均值-方差-近似偏度(MVAS）模型,并利用该模型对中国证券市场主要股票指数进行实证分析. 实证分析结果表明, 在收益率非正态分布的市场中,考虑了收益率非对称性的投资组合模型较传统的MV和MAD模型具有更优的表现.     

贷款组合的“均值-方差-偏度”三因素优化模型

以银行各项资产组合收益率最大化为目标函数,以收益率偏度大于零控制银行重大损失发生的概率,以组合风险价值VaR风险限额为约束条件控制资产组合风险的大小,建立了贷款组合的"均值-方差-偏度"三因素优化模型.本模型的创新与特色一是通过偏度约束减少了组合收益率小于其均值的可能性,并增加了组合收益率大于其均值的概率.这在均值-方差模型的基础上,增加了偏度参数,建立了收益率均值-方差-偏度模型,开拓了资产组合优化的新思路.二是以组合风险价值VaR建立了约束条件,通过在一定置信水平下的最大损失限额来制约贷款组合的违约风险,使贷款配给的风险限定在银行的承受能力和贷款准备金的范围之内,解决了整体风险的控制问题.     

摩擦市场条件下的双目标投资组合模型模糊优化

首先建立了摩擦市场条件下基于收益率分布偏度水平的双目标投资组合模型.在此基础上,将模糊集合的概念引入到该模型中,用模糊数学中的线性隶属函数处理了其中的风险目标和收益目标,建立了摩擦市场条件下基于收益率分布偏度水平的模糊型双目标投资组合模型.然后,针对该模型进行了新型遗传算法设计(动态遗传算法).最后用一个具体的算例给出了该模型的一个实例最优解,体现了多样化投资分散风险的组合投资原理.     

一种改进的投资组合模型的算法和实证分析

目前,在Markowitz的均值-方差模型基础上对含有偏度和交易成本模型的研究较少,结合国内市场数据进行研究并做出三维投资组合有效前沿图像的成果更少。在建立两种在交易成本约束条件下以方差和偏度的线性组合为目标函数的最优投资组合模型之后,利用线性函数逼近,将模型转换成线性规划问题,而且这种逼近程度可以控制。用单纯形法求解以得到最优投资组合。利用国内八个上市公司的数据进行实证分析,做出了三维投资组合近似有效前沿图像,并讨论了目标函数最优值和参数的关系。可以发现,目标函数是期望r和参数m的增函数。     

基于直觉模糊规划的多目标投资组合选择模型

将直觉模糊集合的概念引入投资组合模型中,并将多目标投资组合模型中的收益、方差和偏度三个目标模糊化,用隶属函数与非隶属函数作为新的目标函数.针对该模糊多目标投资组合模型,提出了一个动态遗传算法,算例给出了该模型的一个实例的最优解.     

含有交易成本的均值-方差-偏度资产组合优化模型

提出了含有交易成本的均值 -方差 -偏度资产组合优化模型 ;结合一个非对称性收益分布的具体例子 ,对模型做了灵敏度分析 .     

投资组合选择的一种模糊决策方法

针对带有V-型交易费用的半绝对偏差风险函数投资组合问题,利用模糊决策理论,提出了一种新的投资收益目标水平和投资风险目标水平心理满意度的非线性隶属函数,并将满足非线性满意程度的投资组合选择模型转化为线性规划模型,证明了两者的等价性,最后通过实例说明了所建模型的可行性与有效性.     

基于偏度的多期组合投资调整模型

由于不同时期资产收益率以及投资者对风险和收益偏好的变化，加之资金等条件的限制，大多数组合投资问题具有明显的动态特征。本文把单期投资组合拓展到多期，引入偏度和风险度量工具VaR，并考虑交易费用的影响，建立了多期投资组合调整模型。最后，给出实证分析对模型进行分析研究，这对投资者的连续投资行为具有一定的指导作用。     

动态高阶矩风险稳健性测度与参数化组合投资决策研究

针对已有高阶矩组合投资模型中风险测度与模型求解的不足，本文构建动态高阶矩参数化组合投资决策模型(B-S-K)并给出其求解方案。首先，运用混频数据抽样分位数回归(MIDAS-QR)模型，充分挖掘高频数据信息，提高动态高阶矩风险测度的及时性、准确性和稳健性；其次，采用参数化组合投资策略，将资产特征变量、动态偏度风险和动态峰度风险纳入组合投资权重函数，大幅缩减待估计参数数目，提高模型求解效率。分别对中国股票市场的个股和行业板块指数进行实证，研究结果一致表明：第一，基于MIDAS-QR模型的动态高阶矩风险稳健性测度，不仅充分考虑了金融风险的时变特征，而且测度结果受异常值影响较小，是一个稳健且有效的测度方法；第二，市盈率、账面价值比、动态偏度风险与组合投资权重显著正相关，条件波动率、动态峰度风险与组合投资权重显著负相关，这些为组合投资决策提供了较好的机理性解释；第三，与等权方案、M-V模型、基准(B)模型和B-S模型等相比，本文构建的B-S-K模型，在收益、风险和风险调整收益等三个方面均表现出显著且稳定的优势。     

基于组合权重-隶属度转换算法的物流园区绿色度评价

采用一种科学合理的方法评价物流园区的绿色度对促进区域经济绿色发展具有重要意义.在建立物流园区绿色度评价指标体系基础上,将改进的AHP与熵权法相结合确定指标组合权重,并融入隶属度转换算法构建评价模型,其优势是减少评价过程的主观因素影响与信息失真.通过算例验证了所建模型的可行性和实用性.     

Fuzzy turnover rate chance constraints portfolio model

One concern of many investors is to own the assets which can be liquidated easily. Thus, in this paper, we incorporate portfolio liquidity in our proposed model. Liquidity is measured by an index called turnover rate. Since the return of an asset is uncertain, we present it as a trapezoidal fuzzy number and its turnover rate is measured by fuzzy credibility theory. The desired portfolio turnover rate is controlled through a fuzzy chance constraint. Furthermore, to manage the portfolios with asymmetric investment return, other than mean and variance, we also utilize the third central moment, the skewness of portfolio return. In fact, we propose a fuzzy portfolio mean–variance–skewness model with cardinality constraint which combines assets limitations with liquidity requirement. To solve the model, we also develop a hybrid algorithm which is the combination of cardinality constraint, genetic algorithm, and fuzzy simulation, called FCTPM.     

基于随机因子模型的增强型指数基金

创新性的假设传统的Fama-French三因素模型中的三因素为服从正态分布的随机变量,进而获得了股票收益随机变量的分布信息.采取部分复制的原则建立增强型指数基金随机投资组合优化模型,通过引入投资组合风险概率约束给出增强型指数基金的绝对风险上限,针对增强型指数基金建立基于VaR的超额收益概率约束.引入最买入门槛限制降低增强型指数基金的管理费用,增强其流动性.最后,根据股票收益的概率分布特征,获得基于上述约束的指数基金和增强型指数基金的确定性优化模型,并同时基于上证A股进行了实证分析.     

Numerical methods for stochastic programs with second order dominance constraints with applications to portfolio optimization

Inspired by the successful applications of the stochastic optimization with second order stochastic dominance (SSD) model in portfolio optimization, we study new numerical methods for a general SSD model where the underlying functions are not necessarily linear. Specifically, we penalize the SSD constraints to the objective under Slater’s constraint qualification and then apply the well known stochastic approximation (SA) method and the level function method to solve the penalized problem. Both methods are iterative: the former requires to calculate an approximate subgradient of the objective function of the penalized problem at each iterate while the latter requires to calculate a subgradient. Under some moderate conditions, we show that w.p.1 the sequence of approximated solutions generated by the SA method converges to an optimal solution of the true problem. As for the level function method, the convergence is deterministic and in some cases we are able to estimate the number of iterations for a given precision. Both methods are applied to portfolio optimization problem where the return functions are not necessarily linear and some numerical test results are reported.     

Portfolio selection with a minimax measure in safety constraint

In this paper, we attempt to design a portfolio optimization model for investors who desire to minimize the variation around the mean return and at the same time wish to achieve better return than the worst possible return realization at every time point in a single period portfolio investment. The portfolio is to be selected from the risky assets in the equity market. Since the minimax portfolio optimization model provides us with the portfolio that maximizes (minimizes) the worst return (worst loss) realization in the investment horizon period, in order to safeguard the interest of investors, the optimal value of the minimax optimization model is used to design a constraint in the mean-absolute semideviation model. This constraint can be viewed as a safety strategy adopted by an investor. Thus, our proposed bi-objective linear programming model involves mean return as a reward and mean-absolute semideviation as a risk in the objective function and minimax as a safety constraint, which enables a trade off between return and risk with a fixed safety value. The efficient frontier of the model is generated using the augmented -constraint method on the GAMS software. We simultaneously solve the ratio optimization problem which maximizes the ratio of mean return over mean-absolute semideviation with same minimax value in the safety constraint. Subsequently, we choose two portfolios on the above generated efficient frontier such that the risk from one of them is less and the mean return from other portfolio is more than the respective quantities of the optimal portfolio from the ratio optimization model. Extensive computational results and in-sample and out-of-sample analysis are provided to compare the financial performance of the optimal portfolios selected by our proposed model with that of the optimal portfolios from the existing minimax and mean-absolute semideviation portfolio optimization models on real data from S&P CNX Nifty index.     

A compact mean-variance-skewness model for large-scale portfolio optimization and its application to the NYSE market

This paper develops a portfolio optimization model that uses the first three moments of the distribution of the rate of return on investment in selecting portfolios. An alternative measure of skewness is designed for the purpose, and, in the grand scheme of compact factorization, the proposed model is transformed to an equivalent quadratic program with a quadratic constraint with 2?T nonlinear variables and terms, where usually T?50. Extensive computational results are obtained on a real-world dataset of the returns of about 3500 stocks that were traded in the NYSE from 3 January to 17 September 2002. In summary, the portfolios built by the proposed model gave the average return on investment of 66.85% over the course of 150 trading days, a period in time when US economy and stock markets suffered tremendously after the tragic events of September 2001.     

基于随机久期利率免疫的银行资产负债优化模型

银行资产负债管理是指商业银行在负债数量和结构一定的条件下、对资产进行优化配置,通过平衡资产的流动性、盈利性和安全性,以实现银行收益的最大化。本文通过Vasicek动态期限结构模型推导出随机久期,以包括存量与增量在内的全部资产随机久期等于全部负债随机久期为约束条件、控制利率风险,辅以现行法律法规等其他约束条件,建立全部资产负债组合的随机久期利率风险免疫模型,并通过算例说明本模型构建过程。本文的创新与特色有三:一是通过建立全部资产负债组合的利率免疫条件,对包括存量与增量在内的全部资产组合利率风险进行控制。改变了现有研究在进行资产配置时,仅对增量组合风险控制的弊端。二是通过资产负债的随机久期缺口等于0的利率风险免疫条件建立资产负债优化模型,确保在利率发生变化时,银行股东的所有者权益不受损失。三是以银行各项资产组合收益率最大化为目标函数,通过随机久期的利率免疫条件控制利率风险,建立了全部资产负债组合的随机久期利率风险免疫模型。改变了现有研究的资产负债管理模型忽略随机久期变动的影响。     

A mean-absolute deviation-skewness portfolio optimization model

It is assumed in the standard portfolio analysis that an investor is risk averse and that his utility is a function of the mean and variance of the rate of the return of the portfolio or can be approximated as such. It turns out, however, that the third moment (skewness) plays an important role if the distribution of the rate of return of assets is asymmetric around the mean. In particular, an investor would prefer a portfolio with larger third moment if the mean and variance are the same. In this paper, we propose a practical scheme to obtain a portfolio with a large third moment under the constraints on the first and second moment. The problem we need to solve is a linear programming problem, so that a large scale model can be optimized without difficulty. It is demonstrated that this model generates a portfolio with a large third moment very quickly.Presently at Mitsubishi Trust Bank Co., Ltd.     

基于矩分析的资产组合选择

在风险资产收益分布为非正态的情景下,通过矩分析,研究其收益的高阶矩对资产组合选择的影响.首先,假设风险资产收益存在有限阶矩,泰勒展开边际财富期望效用,获得静态资产组合选择的近似解;其次,假设收益过程的跳跃产生收益分布的非正态性,运用随机控制方法获得动态资产组合选择的近似解析解,从高阶矩角度解释其特征。分析表明,超出峰度的存在导致减少风险资产投资,正(负)的偏度导致增加(减少)风险资产投资,该影响性随着它们及风险规避系数的增大而增强;可预测性导致资产组合存在正或负的对冲需求,取决于相关系数的符号和风险规避系数;跳跃性总体上减少风险资产投资;可预测性和跳跃性对动态资产组合选择的影响具有内在关联性。     

Portfolio construction based on stochastic dominance and target return distributions

Mean-risk models have been widely used in portfolio optimization. However, such models may produce portfolios that are dominated with respect to second order stochastic dominance and therefore not optimal for rational and risk-averse investors. This paper considers the problem of constructing a portfolio which is non-dominated with respect to second order stochastic dominance and whose return distribution has specified desirable properties. The problem is multi-objective and is transformed into a single objective problem by using the reference point method, in which target levels, known as aspiration points, are specified for the objective functions. A model is proposed in which the aspiration points relate to ordered outcomes for the portfolio return. This concept is extended by additionally specifying reservation points, which act pre-emptively in the optimization model. The theoretical properties of the models are studied. The performance of the models on real data drawn from the Hang Seng index is also investigated.