基于动态利率风险免疫的银行资产负债优化模型

本文以CIR动态久期缺口的免疫条件为约束进行多资产和多负债的利率风险控制,通过建立线性规划模型来进行银行资产的最优配置。本文的创新与特色:一是通过引进随时间变化的动态利率久期参数构造利率风险控制条件,建立了控制利率风险的资产负债优化模型。改变了现有研究忽略利率动态变化、进而忽略平均久期动态变化的弊端。事实上,利率的动态变化必然引起平均久期的变动,忽略利率变动的控制条件是无法高精度地控制资产配置的利率风险的。二是通过以银行资产收益最大为目标函数,以动态利率久期缺口免疫为主要约束条件,辅以监管的流动性约束匹配银行的资产负债,回避了利率风险对银行所有者权益的影响,避免了利率变动对银行资产所有者带来的损害。     

资本充足率控制预留缺口的资产负债优化模型

以利率变化后的资本充足率满足商业银行法要求的≥8%为约束条件,以资产组合的利息收入最大为目标函数,建立资产负债组合优化模型.本文的创新与特色一是通过预设持续期缺口使银行的资产组合在利率变动的有利条件下增加银行净值.这弥补了现有的零缺口免疫条件的资产组合不能使银行股东权益在利率变化中增加的缺陷.二是通过对预设持续期缺口的控制使银行的资产组合在利率变动的不利条件下满足资本充足率的法律要求.这种优化配给控制了资本损失,保护了股东权益,保证了在银行净值发生变化时资本充足率仍满足法律要求.     

基于VaR和集中度约束的贷款组合优化模型

资产负债管理是把资产与负债组合视为有机整体,协调流动性、安全性和赢利性,本文通过资产的集中度约束把银行资产合理分配在不同行业中,有效降低银行资产集中度风险,通过能反映银行风险承受能力的VaR约束控制了贷款组合风险,应用实例的结果表明,本模型能够谋求"三性"的最佳配置,有效降低银行经营过程中的集中度风险和流动性风险,并实...     

基于流动性风险约束的我国商业银行资产负债随机规划模型

通过以资产负债管理合理匹配银行资产、负债,可以防范银行流动性风险.为此,建立了一个带有简单补偿的两阶段多期随机规划,在满足相关政策、法规约束和流动性风险V aR随机机会约束条件下,以银行的盈利最大化为目标,对银行主要资产、负债进行动态的优化匹配.     

基于Heston随机波动率模型和风险偏好视角的资产负债管理

本文研究基于Heston随机波动率模型的资产负债管理问题。假设金融市场由一个无风险资产和一个风险资产构成,投资者的目标是最大化其终端财富的期望效用。应用随机控制方法,得到了该问题最优资产配置策略的解析表达式和相应值函数的解析解,通过数值算例分析了Heston模型主要参数以及债务对最优资产配置策略的影响。结果表明:配置到风险资产的比例对Heston模型中的参数非常敏感;为了对冲债务风险,负债的引入使得配置到风险资产的比例比无负债情形下的高;在风险厌恶系数变大时,无论投资者是否有负债,其投资到风险资产的比例则越来越低。     

基于存量与增量全部组合收益最大的贷款优化决策模型

在既定组合收益范围内,以VaR风险控制为约束条件,以0-1规划为工具,建立了存量与增量全部贷款组合累计收益最大的决策优化模型.模型的主要特点一是综合反映贷款存量与增量组合累计收益最大对贷款决策的直接影响,合理地考虑了贷款存量组合与贷款增量组合的关系,真正地控制了银行全部贷款的组合风险和收益,改变了现有研究仅仅优化增量贷款组合的现状,开拓了金融资产组合优化理论的新思路.二是以VaR风险控制作为约束条件,用组合的VaR收益率最大损失来控制贷款收益率风险限额,直接反映了商业银行的风险承受能力.三是在贷款组合过程中,使用上下界限制,使得商业银行既能较好地进行风险控制,又可以充分利用贷款头寸.     

不确定免疫理论在债券投资分析中的应用

本文基于利率风险,对半确定的免疫理论进行详细讨论,建立了在债券投资分析中应用的资产负债管理的数学模型,进而在考虑负债结构的情况下,把随机免疫方法应用于投资分析,以使利率变动所带来的风险达到最小,并指出免疫理论可应用的条件     

资产负债管理的线性规划模型

本针对公司资产与负债管理的实际，通过对资产投资组合和偿债现金流的分析，构造了单期和多期两种资产负债管理数学模型。通过引入偏差变量将模型转化为线性规划模型。该模型为公司负债管理和资产组合决策提供了一种有效的数量化方法。     

贝叶斯方法在养老基金资产负债管理中的应用

把一个静态资产负债管理模型———均值方差模型应用到定额给付养老金计划的资产负债管理中,在允许无风险借贷的条件下研究养老金在无风险资产和风险资产间的分配问题,用定量分析的方法求出了最优投资组合的一般形式;又针对投资收益率特征参数未知的情况,提出了矩估计和贝叶斯估计两种方法求解最优资本配置比例,将两种方法的结果与一般形式对比,分析了影响最优投资组合的因素,得知养老基金在风险资产中的投资比例与基金经理对风险的厌恶程度、风险资产的风险益酬、风险资产收益率的波动性成负相关关系;并且随决策者掌握的历史信息增加,在风险资产上的投资比例也随之增加,投资行为逐渐趋于理性化;对上述结果进行仿真,验证了结论的有效性。     

稳健资产负债管理最优化模型及实证分析

本文提出一种新的稳健资产负债模型最优化模型.该模型考虑了利率的不确定性对未来现金流、资金成本和资产收益率的影响.我们通过构建情景树反映未来的利率变化的情景结构.由于最优决策对利率的预测十分敏感,我们提出系数预测值可在一定误差范围内的稳健资产负债最优化模型.实证分析结果表明,从收益与风险均衡的角度看,稳健优化模型产生的保守解优于系数确定的优化模型产生的最优解.     

Assessing the solvency of insurance portfolios via a continuous-time cohort model

This paper evaluates the solvency of a portfolio of assets and liabilities of an insurer subject to both longevity and financial risks. Liabilities are evaluated at fair-value and, as a consequence, interest-rate risk can affect both the assets and the liabilities. Longevity risk is described via a continuous-time cohort model. We evaluate the effects of natural hedging strategies on the risk profile of an insurance portfolio in run-off. Numerical simulations, calibrated to UK historical data, show that systematic longevity risk is of particular importance and needs to be hedged. Natural hedging can improve the solvency of the insurer, if interest-rate risk is appropriately managed. We stress that asset allocation choices should not be independent of the composition of the liability portfolio of the insurer.     

An optimal investment strategy for a stream of liabilities generated by a step process in a financial market driven by a Lévy process

In this paper we investigate an asset–liability management problem for a stream of liabilities written on liquid traded assets and non-traded sources of risk. We assume that the financial market consists of a risk-free asset and a risky asset which follows a geometric Lévy process. The non-tradeable factor (insurance risk or default risk) is driven by a step process with a stochastic intensity. Our framework allows us to consider financial risk, systematic and unsystematic insurance loss risk (including longevity risk), together with possible dependencies between them. An optimal investment strategy is derived by solving a quadratic optimization problem with a terminal objective and a running cost penalizing deviations of the insurer’s wealth from a specified profit-solvency target. Techniques of backward stochastic differential equations and the weak property of predictable representation are applied to obtain the optimal asset allocation.     

Optimal dynamic asset allocation of pension fund in mortality and salary risks framework

In this paper, we consider the optimal dynamic asset allocation of pension fund with mortality risk and salary risk. The managers of the pension fund try to find the optimal investment policy (optimal asset allocation) to maximize the expected utility of terminal wealth. The market is a combination of financial market and insurance market. The financial market consists of three assets: cashes with stochastic interest rate, stocks and rolling bonds, while the insurance market consists of mortality risk and salary risk. These two non-hedging risks cause incompleteness of the market. By martingale method and dynamic programming principle we first derive the approximate optimal investment policy to overcome the difficulty, then investigate the efficiency of the approximation. Finally, we solve an optimal assets liabilities management(ALM) problem with mortality risk and salary risk under CRRA utility, and reveal the influence of these two risks on the optimal investment policy by numerical illustration.     

On multistage Stochastic Integer Programming for incorporating logical constraints in asset and liability management under uncertainty

We present a model for optimizing a mean-risk function of the terminal wealth for a fixed income asset portfolio restructuring with uncertainty in the interest rate path and the liabilities along a given time horizon. Some logical constraints are considered to be satisfied by the assets portfolio. Uncertainty is represented by a scenario tree and is dealt with by a multistage stochastic mixed 0-1 model with complete recourse. The problem is modelled as a splitting variable representation of the Deterministic Equivalent Model for the stochastic model, where the 0-1 variables and the continuous variables appear at any stage. A Branch-and-Fix Coordination approach for the multistage 0–1 program solving is proposed. Some computational experience is reported.      

Mean–variance asset–liability management with asset correlation risk and insurance liabilities

Consider an insurer who invests in the financial market where correlations among risky asset returns are randomly changing over time. The insurer who faces the risk of paying stochastic insurance claims needs to manage her asset and liability by taking into account of the correlation risk. This paper investigates the impact of correlation risk to the optimal asset–liability management (ALM) of an insurer. We employ the Wishart process to model the stochastic covariance matrix of risky asset returns. The insurer aims to minimize the variance of the terminal wealth given an expected terminal wealth subject to the risk of paying out random liabilities of compound Poisson process. This ALM problem then becomes a linear–quadratic stochastic optimal control problem with stochastic volatilities, stochastic correlations and jumps. The recognition of an affine form in the solution process enables us to derive the explicit closed-form solution to the optimal ALM portfolio policy, obtain the efficient frontier, and identify the condition that the solution is well behaved.     

考虑破产控制的多期模糊资产-负债组合优化模型

在实际的投资决策过程中,一些投资者需要同时管理资产和负债,因此本文研究考虑破产控制和偿债行为的资产-负债管理问题。假设风险资产的收益率和负债的增长率为模糊数,用资产-负债组合的可能性期望和下半绝对偏差度量其收益和风险,以最大化最终期望净财富和最小化最终累积风险为目标,建立了允许限制性卖空的多期模糊资产-负债组合优化模型。然后,设计了一个基于粒子群算法和模拟退火算法的混合智能算法对模型进行求解。最后,通过实例分析说明了所设计算法与传统粒子群算法相比具有更好的优化性能和稳定性。本文所提出策略可以为需要同时管理资产和负债的投资者提供决策支持。     

Asset allocation strategies in the presence of liability constraints

The performance of portfolio managers is usually assessed by comparing their allocation strategies to a benchmark portfolio. A major issue for portfolio managers of liability driven institutions is that no benchmark is given to them, although they face mid-term objectives with short term constraints. No performance attribution methodology may then be used to serve as a reference. Assessing the performance of the asset manager as an agent, represents a major stake for the institution as a principal delegating a mandate of asset management. We propose an optimal asset allocation approach taking into account liability constraints to build a benchmark. This benchmark will be used to compare the ex-post effective performance of the asset manager to the effective performance of the ex-ante optimal dynamic asset allocation.     

Financial planning for young households

We analyze the financial planning problems of young households whose main decisions are how to finance the purchase of a house (liabilities) and how to allocate investments in pension savings schemes (assets). The problems are solved using a multi-stage stochastic programming model where the uncertainty is described by a scenario tree generated from a vector auto-regressive process for equity returns and interest rate evolution. We find strong evidence of the importance of taking into account the multi-stage nature of the problem, as well as the need to consider the asset and liability sides jointly.