空间直线与平面

本单元的知识点主要有：平面的基本性质（三个公理及推论，空间图形的直观画法），线线关系（平行，异面，垂直，异面直线所成的角），线面关系（平行，相交，垂直，斜线在平面内的射影，直线和平面所成的角，三垂线定理），面面关系（平行，垂直，相交，二面角的平面角）．     

新教材中几点商榷之处

1．人教A版选修2-1P98A组第11题已知向量a，b，c是空间的一个单位正交基底，向量a＋b，a-b，c是空间的另一个基底，若向量p在基底口，b，c下的坐标为（1，2，3），求p在基底a＋b，a-b，c下的坐标．     

数列和式不等式的放缩策略

数列和式不等式的证明经常在竞赛题或试卷压轴题的最后一问出现，在思维能力和方法上要求很高，往往让人束手无策，其实，这类不等式的证明，是有章可循的，遵循什么章？就是要把和求出来，求出后再放缩，更多的情况下是不能直接求和的，这时就要先把通项放大或缩小，使得每一项按照相同的规律放大或缩小后，把和求出来，求和后再放缩，下面简述几个用来证明数列和式不等式的一般性策略。     

互补与对称——文学与数学的一个切合点

“人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全，但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”．这千古名句道出了：互相思念的亲人，在千里之外，共瞻一轮明月，体味着“宁静的夜晚你也思念我也思念”的离别的酸楚和憧憬着“却看妻子愁何在，漫卷诗书喜欲狂”的归乡的喜悦．把相距千里的亲人，在月光的映照下，纳入到一张图画中，遥相呼应，成为千告绝唱．“独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲，遥知兄弟登高处，遍插茱萸少一人．”独居异乡的飘零游子，每逢佳节情何以堪？     

例谈数学中的一般化与特殊化

一般化与特殊化是人类认识事物的两个重要侧面，也是解题的两种基本策略，它们相辅相成，是辩证的统一．在多数场合，特殊问题简单、直观，容易认识，容易把握．但是，也有一些场合，特殊问题的个别特性可能会掩盖事物的本质属性，给解题带来困难，而直接求解相应的一般性问题，反而来得简便、明快、奇巧．     

他乡遇君分外亲

1983年深秋，一群已过而立之年的民办教师，怀着高考拼搏获胜后的欣喜，抖落掉满身的粉笔细末，从太行山麓的柿林，黄河两岸的竹乡，从九朝古都、二七煤城、中原油海，从殷墟之地、韩愈桑梓、岳鹏举家乡、朱载靖故里，沿着伏牛山的小径，追着红旗渠的浪花，跨过洪水上的小桥，汇聚到了一所高等师范专科学校。     

争鸣

本刊自2002年开办“争鸣”栏目以来，得到了广大读者的热情支持，提出了不少好的问题，本刊表示衷心感谢!为了进一步办好“争鸣”栏目，繁荣教学研究的大好局面，尽量避免在一些具体问题上因自然语言方面的歧义而导致的争论不清，本刊除了希望广大读者继续大力支持本刊，提供有关教学上的具体问题之外，还特别希望就一些大的方面也提出自己的问题，开展百家争鸣，如教学思想、理念、观点，对新课标、新教材、素质教育与高考等的不同意见，通过探讨，各抒己见，防止一种倾向掩盖另一种倾向，推动新一轮课改健康、深入地开展．     

顾准的饭碗与理想

顾准（1915—1974），字哲云，上海人，中国当代学者，思想家，经济学家，会计学家。顾准被称为“有三个大脑的人”，用易中天的话说，“惟其思绪敏捷聪颖，才能在建国初期的大上海身兼数职，也才能在当学徒、当教授、当领导时，都先走一步，高人一筹。”     

由一道高考数学题引发的探究与思考

高考题具有很强的代表性和示范性，对高考题进行深入地探索，挖掘其潜在的价值，对其变式引伸，能有效地避免陷入“题海”战术，减负增效，也有利于调动学生学习的积极性、主动性，改善师生关系，激发创造活力，提高思维的灵活性与实效性，是习题教学中不可忽视的隐性资源．     

基于巴斯卡数据成败型元件串联系统可靠性经典精确置信限

设Ａ为由Ｋ个相互独立的成败型元件组成的串联系统，第ｉ个元件的可靠性ｐｉ，ｐｉ未知，ｉ＝１，２，…，Ｋ．设对第ｉ个元件，对于给定的ｍｉ，有ｎｉ个巴斯卡试验数据：Ｘｉ１，Ｘｉ２，…，Ｘｉｎｉ，其中Ｘｉｊ表示对第ｉ个元件进行试验，试验进行到ｍｉ次成功时所需要的试验次数ｊ＝１，２，…，ｎｉ，ｉ＝１，２，…，Ｋ．记Ｔｉ＝Ｘｉ１＋Ｘｉ２＋…＋Ｘｉｎｉ，ｉ＝１，２，…，ｋ．本文研究基于统计量（Ｔ１，Ｔ２，…，Ｔｋ）求串联系统Ａ的可靠性经典精确最优置信下限．     

SL(3,3~n)和SU(3,3~n)的第一Cartan不变量

确定Cartan不变量是代数群与相关的李型有限群的模表示理论中的一个重要方面.作者利用代数群模表示理论中的一系列结果,计算了3~n个元素的有限域上特殊线性群SL(3,3~n)和特殊酉群SU(3,3~n)的第一Cartan不变量,得到如下结论:当G=SL(3,3~n)时,C_(00)~((n))=a~n+b~n+6~n-2·8~n;而当G=SU(3,3~n)时,C_(00)~((n))=a~n+b~n+6~n-2·8~n+2·(1+(-1)~n),其中a,b是多项式x~2-20x+48的两个根.另外,作者也得到了射影不可分解模U_n(0,0)的维数公式:dim U_n(0,0)=(12~n-6~n+∈)·3~(3n),其中,当G=SL(3,3~n)时,∈=1;而当G=SU(3,3~n)时,∈=-1.     

An improved upper bound for Ramsey number N (3, 3, 3, 3; 2)

The Ramsey number N(3,3,3,3; 2) is the smallest integer n such that each 4-coloring by edges of the complete graph on n vertices contains monochromatic triangles. It is well known that 51 ≤ N(3, 3, 3, 3; 2) ≤ 65. Here we prove that N(3, 3, 3, 3; 2) ≤ 64.     

A 3-Local Characterization of M12 and SL3(3)

We identify the sporadic simple group M₁₂ and the simple group SL₃(3) from some part of their 3-local structure. We also present a graph theoretic analogue of our main theorem. Received: 6 October 2008, Revised: 25 October 2008     

3-Kings in 3-partite tournaments

We present all possible distributions of 3-kings in 3-partite tournaments with at most one transmitter.     

(3, 3)-Ary Differential Rings

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of (3, 3)-ary differential rings as a generalization of differential rings. Then we study ideals, prime ideals, radical and nil ideals of them. Finally, we give a construction of hyperstructures determined by (3, 3)-ary differential rings.     

3-LIE BIALGEBRAS

3-Lie algebras have close relationships with many important fields in mathemat- ics and mathematical physics. This article concerns 3-Lie algebras. The concepts of 3-Lie coalgebras and 3-Lie bialgebras are given. The structures of such categories of algebras and the relationships with 3-Lie algebras are studied. And the classification of 4-dimensional 3-Lie coalgebras and 3-dimensional 3-Lie bialgebras over an algebraically closed field of char- acteristic zero are provided.     

Ruled Special Lagrangian 3-Folds In C3

This is the fifth in a series of papers constructing explicitexamples of special Lagrangian submanifolds in C^m. A submanifoldof C^m is ruled if it is fibred by a family of real straightlines in C^m. This paper studies ruled special Lagrangian 3-foldsin C³, giving both general theory and families of examples.Our results are related to previous work of Harvey and Lawson,Borisenko, and Bryant. Special Lagrangian cones in C³ are automaticallyruled, and each ruled special Lagrangian 3-fold is asymptoticto a unique special Lagrangian cone. We study the family ofruled special Lagrangian 3-folds N asymptotic to a fixed specialLagrangian cone N0. We find that this depends on solving a linearequation, so that the family of such N has the structure ofa vector space. We also show that the intersection of N0 withthe unit sphere S⁵ in C³ is a Riemann surface, and constructa ruled special Lagrangian 3-fold N asymptotic to N0 for eachholomorphic vector field w on . As corollaries of this we writedown two large families of explicit special Lagrangian 3-foldsin C³ depending on a holomorphic function on C, which includemany new examples of singularities of special Lagrangian 3-folds.We also show that each special Lagrangian T2-cone N0 can beextended to a 2-parameter family of ruled special Lagrangian3-folds asymptotic to N0, and diffeomorphic to T²xR. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 53C38, 53D12.     

Irreducible Representations of Quantum 3 × 3 Matrices

The irreducible representations of quantum 2×2 and 3×3 matrices at the roots of unity are classified.     

Metric packing for K 3+K 3

In this paper, we consider the metric packing problem for the commodity graph of disjoint two triangles K ₃+K ₃, which is dual to the multiflow feasibility problem for the commodity graph K ₃+K ₃. We prove a strengthening of Karzanov’s conjecture concerning quarterintegral packings by certain bipartite metrics.     

DEGREE 3 ALGEBRAIC MINIMAL SURFACES IN THE 3-SPHERE

We give a local analytic characterization that a minimal surface in the 3-sphere S3 R4 defined by an irreducible cubic polynomial is one of the Lawson’s minimal tori.This provides an alternative proof of the result by Perdomo(Characterization of order 3 algebraic immersed minimal surfaces of S3,Geom.Dedicata 129(2007),23-34).