联图的关联着色

图G的一个κ-关联着色是指从G的关联集I(G)到颜色集{1,2,…,κ}的一个映射,满足任意一对相邻的关联分配到不同的颜色.使得G有κ-关联着色的最小的数κ称为G的关联色数,记为X_i(G).研究了联图的关联着色,给出了G∨H的关联色数的一个上界,讨论了路与路,路与圈,圈与圈的联图的关联色数.     

几类积图的团染色数

设G=（VE）为简单图,V和E分别表示图的点集和边集．图G的一个k-团染色是指点集V到色集{1,2,…,k）的一个映射,使得G的每个至少含两个点的极大团都至少有两种颜色．分别给出了任意两个图的团色数与它们通过笛卡尔积、Kronecker积、强直积或字典积运算后得到的积图的团色数之间的关系．     

图与其Mycielski图关联色数的关系

本文证明了对n阶图G,若其最大度△(G)的2倍不等于n,且G的关联色数等于△(G) 1,则M(G)的关联色数为△(M(G)) 1．同时还研究了树和完全二部图的Mycielski图的关联色数．文末提出了M(G)的关联色数猜想,其中M(G)为图G的Mycielski图．     

P_m×P_n的邻强均匀边色数

图G的一个k-正常着色满足相邻的点所关联的边的色集合不同,且任两色的边数之差不超过1称为G的k-邻强均匀边染色,图G邻强均匀边染色中最小的k称为图G的邻强均匀边色数.本文得到了P_m×P_n的邻强均匀边色数.     

高度图的关联色数

为了解决强边着色猜想,1993年,Brualdi和Massey（Discrete Math. (122)51-58)引入了关联着色概念,陈东灵等证明了对于△（G）=n-2的图G.inc(G)≤△(G) 2,其中n是G的阶数,本将进一步探讨在什么条件下,它的关联色数肯定是△（G） 1,又在什么条件下,肯定是△（G） 2。     

路与完全图的笛卡尔积图和广义图K(n,m)的关联色数

Richrd A.Brualdi和J.Quinn Massey在[1]中引入了图的关联着色概念,并且提出了关联着色猜想,即每一个图G都可以用△(G)+2种色正常关联着色.B.Guiduli[2]说明关联着色的概念是I.Algor和N.Alon[3]提出的有向星荫度的一个特殊情况,并证实[1]的关联着色猜想是错的,给出图G的关联色数的一个新的上界是△(G)+O(Log(△G)).[4]确定了某些特殊图类的关联色数.本文给出了路和完全图的笛卡尔积图的关联色数,而且利用此结果又确定了完全图Kn的广义图K(n,m)的关联色数.     

k-方图的邻点可区别无圈边染色

图G的一个正常边染色被称作邻点可区别无圈边染色,如果G中无二色圈,且相邻点关联边的色集合不同.图G的邻点可区别无圈边色数记为χ′_^(aa)(G),即图G的一个邻点可区别无圈边染色所用的最少颜色数.通过构造具体染色的方法,给出了一些k-方图的邻点可区别无圈边色数.     

三类笛卡尔积图的关联色数

图的关联色数的概念是 Brualdi和 Massey于 1 993年引入的 ,它同图的强色指数有密切的关系 .Guiduli[2 ] 说明关联色数是有向星萌度的一个特殊情况 ,迄今仅确定了某些特殊图类的关联色数 .本文给出了完全图与完全图、圈与完全图、圈与圈的笛卡尔积图的关联色数。     

阿基米德图的面唯一极大染色

给定平面图G的一个正常κ-顶点染色φ:V(G)→{1,2,…,κ},若对G的每个面f,与f关联的顶点所染颜色的极大颜色在与f关联的顶点中仅出现一次,则称φ是图G的面唯一极大κ-染色.图G存在面唯一极大κ-染色的κ的最小值称为G的面唯一极大色数,记作χfum(G).本文研究了阿基米德图的面唯一极大色数,证得若图G是阿基米德图,则χfum(G)=4.     

若干图类的Wiener指数的极值

一个图的Wiener指数是指这个图中所有点对的距离和.Wiener指数在理论化学中有广泛应用. 本文刻画了给定顶点数及特定参数如色数或团数的图中Wiener指数达最小值的图, 同时也刻画了给定顶点数及团数的图中Wiener指数达最大值的图.     

最大度为5的图的Alcuin数

1000多年前,英国著名学者Alcuin曾提出过一个古老的渡河问题,即狼、羊和卷心菜的渡河问题.最近,Prisner和Csorba等人把这一问题推广到任意的"冲突图"G=(V,E)上,考虑了一类情况更一般的运输计划问题.现在监管者欲运输V中的所有"物品/点"渡河,这里V的两个点邻接当且仅当这两个点为冲突点.冲突点是指不能在无人监管的情况下留在一起的点.特别地,Alcuin渡河问题可转化成"冲突路"P_3上是否存在可行运输方案问题.图G的Alcuin数是指图G具有可行运输方案(即把V的点代表的"物品"全部运到河对岸)时船的最小容量.最大度为5且覆盖数至少为5的图和最大度Δ(G)≤4且覆盖数不小于Δ(G)-1的图的Alcuin数已经被确定.本文给出最大度为4且覆盖数不超过2和最大度为5且覆盖数不超过4的图的Alcuin数.至此,最大度不超过5的图的Alcuin数被完全确定.     

A note on dominating sets and average distance

We show that the total domination number of a simple connected graph is greater than the average distance of the graph minus one-half, and that this inequality is best possible. In addition, we show that the domination number of the graph is greater than two-thirds of the average distance minus one-third, and that this inequality is best possible. Although the latter inequality is a corollary to a result of P. Dankelmann, we present a short and direct proof.     

图的平面Turán数和平面anti-Ramsey数

在所有顶点数为$n$且不包含图$G$作为子图的平面图中,具有最多边数的图的边数称为图$G$的平面Turán数,记为$ex_{_\mathcal{P}}（n,G）$。给定正整数$n$以及平面图$H$,用$\mathcal{T}_n （H）$来表示所有顶点数为$n$且不包含$H$作为子图的平面三角剖分图所组成的图集合。设图集合$\mathcal{T}_n （H）$中的任意平面三角剖分图的任意$k$边染色都不包含彩虹子图$H$,则称满足上述条件的$k$的最大值为图$H$的平面anti-Ramsey数,记作$ar_{_\mathcal{P}}（n,H）$。两类问题的研究均始于2015年左右,至今已经引起了广泛关注。全面地综述两类问题的主要研究成果,以及一些公开问题。     

Orientations of graphs with uncountable chromatic number

Motivated by an old conjecture of P. Erdős and V. Neumann‐Lara, our aim is to investigate digraphs with uncountable dichromatic number and orientations of undirected graphs with uncountable chromatic number. A graph has uncountable chromatic number if its vertices cannot be covered by countably many independent sets, and a digraph has uncountable dichromatic number if its vertices cannot be covered by countably many acyclic sets. We prove that, consistently, there are digraphs with uncountable dichromatic number and arbitrarily large digirth; this is in surprising contrast with the undirected case: any graph with uncountable chromatic number contains a 4‐cycle. Next, we prove that several well‐known graphs (uncountable complete graphs, certain comparability graphs, and shift graphs) admit orientations with uncountable dichromatic number in ZFC. However, we show that the statement “every graph G of size and chromatic number ω₁ has an orientation D with uncountable dichromatic number” is independent of ZFC. We end the article with several open problems.     

Characterization of graphs with hall number 2

Hall's condition is a simple requirement that a graph G and list assignment L must satisfy if G is to have a proper L‐colouring. The Hall number of G is the smallest integer m such that whenever the lists on the vertices each has size at least m and Hall's condition is satisfied a proper L‐colouring exists. Hilton and P.D. Johnson introduced the parameter and showed that a graph has Hall number 1 if and only if every block is a clique. In this paper we give a forbidden‐induced‐subgraph characterization of graphs with Hall number 2. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 45: 81–100, 2004     

A basic elementary extension of the Duchet-Meyniel theorem

The Conjecture of Hadwiger implies that the Hadwiger number h times the independence number α of a graph is at least the number of vertices n of the graph. In 1982 Duchet and Meyniel [P. Duchet, H. Meyniel, On Hadwiger’s number and the stability number, Ann. of Discrete Math. 13 (1982) 71-74] proved a weak version of the inequality, replacing the independence number α by 2α−1, that is,

(2α−1)⋅h≥n.     

On chromatic‐choosable graphs

A graph is chromatic‐choosable if its choice number coincides with its chromatic number. It is shown in this article that, for any graph G, if we join a sufficiently large complete graph to G, then we obtain a chromatic‐choosable graph. As a consequence, if the chromatic number of a graph G is close enough to the number of vertices in G, then G is chromatic‐choosable. We also propose a conjecture related to this fact. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 40: 130–135, 2002     

Locally identifying coloring in bounded expansion classes of graphs

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is said to be locally identifying if the sets of colors in the closed neighborhood of any two adjacent non-twin vertices are distinct. The lid-chromatic number of a graph is the minimum number of colors used by a locally identifying vertex-coloring. In this paper, we prove that for any graph class of bounded expansion, the lid-chromatic number is bounded. Classes of bounded expansion include minor closed classes of graphs. For these latter classes, we give an alternative proof to show that the lid-chromatic number is bounded. This leads to an explicit upper bound for the lid-chromatic number of planar graphs. This answers in a positive way a question of Esperet et al. [L. Esperet, S. Gravier, M. Montassier, P. Ochem, A. Parreau, Locally identifying coloring of graphs, Electron. J. Combin. 19 (2) (2012)].     

Recolouring-resistant colourings

We study colourings of graphs with the property that the number of used colours cannot be reduced by applying some recolouring operation. A well-studied example of such colourings are b-colourings, which were introduced by Irving and Manlove [R.W. Irving, D.F. Manlove, The b-chromatic number of a graph, Discrete Appl. Math. 91 (1999) 127-141]. Given a graph and a colouring, a recolouring operation specifies a set of vertices of the graph on which the colouring can be changed. We consider two such operations: One which allows the recolouring of all vertices within some given distance of some colour class, and another which allows the recolouring of all vertices that belong to one of a given number of colour classes. Our results extend known results concerning b-colourings and the associated b-chromatic number.     

Mycielski图的循环色数

通过引入一类点集划分的概念,研究了Mylielski图循环染色的性质,证明了当完全图的点数足够大时,它的Mycielski图的循环色数与其点色数相等.