Elimination of Compressive Stress in Helical-Toroidal-Coil Advanced Structure for Reactor Plasmas

Calculations of inductance for helical toroidal coils are of great interest to researchers since they are the basis of optimal design with target functions such as the maximization of the ratio of the stored magnetic energy with respect to the volume of the toroid or the used conductor, the elimination or the balance of stress in certain coordinate directions, and the attenuation of leakage flux. In this paper, using Neumann's equation, formulas are presented to calculate the self-inductance and mutual inductance of the helical toroidal coil in superconductivity conditions. It is shown that calculation of self-inductance is similar to that of mutual inductance if the diameter of the conductor's cross section is smaller than 0.4 of the minor radius. Comparison between experimental and empirical results with numerical results indicates that the presented formulas are highly reliable. Plotting contours for the magnetic flux density shows that a special design approach must be taken so that the coil eliminates the leakage flux. It is also shown that the optimal design of the coil to eliminate or balance the stress in certain coordinate directions requires selection of geometrical parameters from accurate inductance equations, and therefore, the use of approximate equations for this purpose is not recommended.      

级联型爆磁压缩发生器的等效电路计算

 动态级联型爆磁压缩发生器由多级构成,后一级俘获前一级的磁通进而将能量放大。用镜像电流法计算装置等效电感和电阻,用磁通俘获模型计算两级间磁通耦合,并假设损耗电阻正比于直流电阻。用该等效电路方法计算了一种两级动态级联型爆磁压缩发生器的静态和动态电路参数,并对其输出电流波形进行了模拟,同实际测量和实验结果进行了比较,同时对该装置通过脉冲变压器对脉冲形成线的充电过程进行了简单的模拟计算。结果表明,该计算方法对级联型爆磁压缩发生器的优化设计和应用研究具有较好的指导作用。另外两级磁通俘获模型对于间接馈电（线圈或永磁体）装置模拟计算也有一定的参考价值。     

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Modular-Toroidal-Coil Inductance Applicable to Tokamak Reactors

In this paper, equations for the calculation of the self- and mutual inductances of the modular toroidal coil (MTC) applicable to Tokamak reactors are presented. The MTC is composed of several solenoidal coils (SCs) connected in series and distributed in the toroidal and symmetrical forms. These equations are based on Biot–Savart's and Neumann's equations, respectively. The numerical analysis of the integrations resulting from these equations is solved using the extended three-point Gaussian algorithm. Comparing the results obtained from the numerical simulation with the experimental and the empirical results confirms the presented equations. Furthermore, the comparison of the behavior of these inductances, when the geometrical parameters of the MTC are changed, with the experimental results shows an error of less than 0.5%. The behavior of the inductance of the coil indicates that the optimum structure of this coil, with the stored magnetic energy as the optimization function, is obtained when the SCs are located on the toroidal planes.      

超导薄膜磁场穿透深度的双线圈互感测量

磁场穿透深度是联系超导体宏观电动力学与微观机制的重要物理量,其精确测量对于研究超导机理以及探索超导应用具有重要意义.在众多的磁场穿透深度测量方法中,双线圈互感法具有测量精度高、技术相对成熟、对样品没有破坏等优点,可被用于细致地研究超导薄膜的磁场穿透深度对温度、掺杂、外延应力等参量的依赖关系.本文首先简要介绍了双线圈互感法的基本原理,指出该方法的测量精度主要受系统几何参数及薄膜边缘漏磁的影响;之后对自主设计搭建的透射型双线圈互感装置进行了系统的校验,并详细说明了其测量精度:对于厚度为100 nm,穿透深度为150 nm的典型薄膜样品,穿透深度绝对值的测量误差小于10%;最后通过测量NbN超导薄膜的磁场穿透深度进一步检验了装置的精度,分析表明穿透深度的测量值与文献报道结果符合.     

Spectroscopy and coherent manipulation of single and coupled flux qubits

Measurements of three-junction flux qubits, both single flux qubits and coupled flux qubits, using a coupled direct current superconducting quantum interference device （dc-SQUID） for readout are reported. The measurement procedure is described in detail. We performed spectroscopy measurements and coherent manipulations of the qubit states on a single flux qubit, demonstrating quantum energy levels and Rabi oscillations, with Rabi oscillation decay time TRabi =- 78 ns and energy relaxation time T~ = 315 ns. We found that the value of TRabi depends strongly on the mutual inductance between the qubit and the magnetic coil. We also performed spectroscopy measurements on inductively coupled flux qubits.     

高电感和高能量放大系数的MFCG的理论分析

 根据爆炸磁通量压缩发生器(MFCG)的基本理论,计算MFCG的非对称多分支螺线管的电感、电阻和电流,并讨论大电感螺线管和小电感负载的运行性能。通过增加MFCG的初始电感以增加其初始电感对负载电感的比值,是获得高能量放大系数的一个有效方法。增加螺线管段数和导线并联分支数,可得到一个比较好的电压平台。     

基于超导储能脉冲变压器的多模块脉冲电源设计

为了探索一种更加紧凑的导轨型电磁推进基础实验用脉冲电源,以实验室现有高温超导储能脉冲变压器为单元模型,在单谐振电路脉冲成形方案的基础上,设计了环形结构的多模块脉冲电源,分析了环形结构中考虑互感的多模脉冲电源电路的充放电过程。通过对八模块环形结构脉冲电源进行仿真分析,得到了接近150kA的电流脉冲,原边电压限制13kV左右。可以得出,利用单谐振电路的多模块超导储能脉冲变压器并联放电方式,可以实现大电流脉冲的输出的要求,而且环形结构中各线圈存在的互感更有利于多模块脉冲电源。     

Experimental Studies on the Sustainment of Splieromak Plasmas by an Inductive Drive of the Toroidal Current

Sustainment of spheromak plasmas produced in an external equilibrium field has been demonstrated with a center current transformer (ohmic heating (OH) coil) which is used to inductively drive the toroidal current of the plasma. The OH coil is covered by a cylindrical metal liner. It provides the stability against the tilt and shift motions of spheromaks at the expense of the simple connection of its geometry. Since the spheromak is characterized by the elimination of external toroidal fields in association with nonconservation of a toroidal flux during magnetic relaxation, the metal liner was made electrically disconnected from the main vacuum vessel (spheromak mode). In the experiments, existense of the dynamo effect, meaning automatic generation of toroidal flux similar to that of a reversed field pinch (RFP), is observed. Measured MHD activity consists of multihelicity helical modes with toroidal mode numbers N = 1-3. In order to investigate the difference between spheromaks and RFP's in the MHD activity during sustainment, experiments have also been made with the metal liner of the OH coil connected with the vessel (RFP mode). The dynamics of the MHD activities observed are compared with those obtained from the three-dimensional MHD simulations by Katayama and Katsurai [18], and their implication in the dynamo effect is discussed.     

Observation of Two-Level Critical State in the Superconducting FeTe Thin Films

FeTe, a non-superconducting parent compound in the iron-chalcogenide family, becomes superconducting after annealing in oxygen. Under the presence of magnetism, spin-orbit coupling, inhomogeneity and lattice distortion,the nature of its superconductivity is not well understood. Here we combine the mutual inductance technique with magneto transport to study the magnetization and superconductivity of FeTe thin films. It is found that the films with the highest T_C show non-saturating superfluid density and a strong magnetic hysteresis distinct from that in a homogeneous superconductor. Such a hysteresis can be well explained by a two-level critical state model and suggests the importance of granularity to superconductivity in this compound.     

轴线起爆螺旋型爆磁压缩发生器2维简化模型

 应用Maxwell 方程，建立了轴线起爆螺旋型爆磁压缩发生器(AMFCG)的2维简化理论计算模型。利用此模型，得出了AMFCG中简易磁通表达式,并将等效电路方程与磁通表示结合起来。选用3组不同的几何参数，模拟计算了金属爆炸管在爆轰驱动下的径向膨胀过程，给出AMFCG初始电感、输出电流随时间的变化过程，AMFCG内部磁压、爆轰压及磁场随时间的变化情况。     

HL-2M 装置磁测量系统设计及初始放电实验结果

介绍了 HL-2M 装置上满足等离子体放电的磁测量系统的物理设计,主要包括磁探针、磁通环以及 电流测量系统的设计。通过 HL-2M 装置典型的放电位形参数对磁探针的极向布局、有效面积,磁通环的极向布 局以及测量等离子体电流的罗氏圈互感值进行了初步设计。目前,HL-2M 装置已经完成初始等离子体放电。各个 子系统均能达到其测量目标。      

螺旋型爆磁压缩脉冲发生器2维磁流体力学数值模拟

 基于任意拉氏- 欧拉方法的2维磁流体力学程序APMFCG被用于简单绕制的螺旋型爆磁压缩脉冲发生器动力学过程的模拟,给出了德克萨斯技术大学简单绕制的爆磁压缩发生器数值计算结果,输出电流和线圈电感的模拟结果与实验测量基本吻合。该程序也用于研究由于种子电流的不同所导致的欧姆电阻非线性效应对爆磁压缩过程的影响,实验结果证明了该程序计算的可靠性。     

Bifurcation to 3D helical magnetic equilibrium in an axisymmetric toroidal device

We report the first direct measurement of the internal magnetic field structure associated with a 3D helical equilibrium generated spontaneously in the core of an axisymmetric toroidal plasma containment device. Magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium bifurcation occurs in a reversed-field pinch when the innermost resonant magnetic perturbation grows to a large amplitude, reaching up to 8% of the mean field strength. Magnetic topology evolution is determined by measuring the Faraday effect, revealing that, as the perturbation grows, toroidal symmetry is broken and a helical equilibrium is established.     

Superconducting mechanism of YBaCuO superconductors

Electromagnetic properties of YBaCuO superconductor were measured on applying an external magnetic field to study non-volatile magnetic effect. The voltage increases with increase in applied magnetic flux, but it becomes constant at about 10⁻² T. The appearance of the voltage is ascribed to the trapping of magnetic flux. By changing the density of external magnetic flux, changes in inductance of a coil in which a superconducting bar inserted were also measured. The results showed that the filament model was valid to explain the mechanism of the occurrence of a voltage in superconducting sample. It was concluded that the electromagnetic properties arose from the interaction between the trapped magnetic flux and weak link of the filament formed in the superconducting bulk.     

缩短两级爆磁压缩发生器输出脉冲宽度的一种途径

 缩短两级爆磁压缩发生器输出脉冲宽度的一种有效办法是增大第二级螺旋线圈的锥角，但增大锥角会降低发生器电感压缩比，合理的锥角设计是此类发生器的关键。介绍了三种能带大电感负载、结构紧凑的两级爆磁压缩发生器，第一级结构参数相同，第二级螺旋线圈锥角分别为6°，8°，10°。在电感负载上进行的实验结果表明：其输出电流分别达到140，90和50 kA，电流脉冲宽度分别为12.5，8.5和6.3 μs，对应的名义输出功率分别为7，7和3 GW。     

An AC magnetic susceptibility bridge and cryostat for the temperature range 2–300 K

A mutual inductance bridge to measure low frequency magnetic susceptibilities of magnetic materials has been constructed. Salient features of the bridge, which uses a variable mutual inductance simulated using operational amplifiers, the cryostat and the coil assembly are described in this paper. The apparatus has been employed for accurate measurement of superconducting transition temperatures and for sensitive detection of magnetic ordering transitions in liquid helium and liquid nitrogen temperature ranges respectively. The bridge has been calibrated to determine the static susceptibility of magnetic materials as a function of temperature.     

Investigation of superconductivity in a diamond anvil cell by mutual inductance bridge

Abstract

The method for the investigation of the superconductivity under high pressure in a DAC by mutual inductance bridge is proposed. Low frequency magnetic modulation system was used to distinguish signal due to superconducting transition from the temperature dependent background and to increase the sensibility. The sensibility was sufficient to detect the superconductivity of the sample with linear dimensions of 50 microns.     

改进型Helmholtz线圈及其磁场均匀性的分析

提出将Helmholtz线圈改为3个同半径的串联线圈,以得到改进型的Helmholtz线圈,经计算得到了改进型Helmholtz线圈磁场的简单公式,对公式的分析表明：改进型Helmholtz线圈的均匀磁场区比一般Helmholtz线圈大得多。     

不闭合磁芯的Tesla变压器初次级线圈电感估算

对具有不闭合磁芯的Tesla变压器磁路进行了研究,计算了Tesla变压器磁路中磁力线分布以及各处磁感应强度分布,结果表明:在磁芯所在位置,磁力线主要集中在磁芯内部; 在内外筒磁芯之间,磁力线主要分布在初次级线圈以外磁芯两端之间的空隙中。实际的Tesla变压器漏磁较小,分析了在没有漏磁的理想情况下Tesla变压器不闭合磁芯对初、次级线圈电感的影响,并给出了初、次级线圈电感的估算公式,利用估计公式得出的结果与实际测量对比,误差范围在15%以内,该公式在Tesla变压器设计和参数估算时不失为一种简便易行的处理方法。