样条最小二乘拟合在估计水塔水流量中的应用

本采用样条最小二乘法,通过对水塔水位的观测数据进行拟合,能够估计出任意时刻水塔的水流量及一天内的总用水量,同时较好地克服了使用高次多项式时容易导致的正规方程组的病态性问题。     

样条最小二乘拟合在估计水塔水流量中的应用

本文采用样条最小二乘法 ,通过对水塔水位的观测数据进行拟合 ,能够估计出任意时刻水塔的水流量及一天内的总用水量 ,同时较好地克服了使用高次多项式时容易导致的正规方程组的病态性问题 .     

Gumbel分布参数估计及在水位资料分析中应用

本文利用Gumbel分布拟合某条河流三个观测站的历年最高水位资料.我们用分位数法、极大似然法、概率加权矩法对Gumbel分布中的参数进行估计,不仅从理论上而且利用蒙特卡洛方法讨论了三种估计方法的统计性质,并给出了三个观测站处的T年一遇的最高水位数据.我们认为极大似然法给出的估计量在各个方面都有好的且稳定的表现.     

数学模型竞赛题优秀论文案例

<正> 1 一九九一年赛题A:关于水箱流量的估计某些州的用水管理机构需估计公众用水速度(单位是加仑/小时)和每日总用水量的数据。(?)地方没有测量流入或流出市政水箱流量的设备而只能测量水箱中的水位(误差不超过     

基于边缘电场效应的双线制电容式水位传感器

研究了一种基于边缘电场效应的双线制电容式水位传感器及其测量电路的软硬件设计.传感器利用一根双芯电线作为敏感单元,能够将水位的高低线性转换为电容量的变化.双芯电线内的两个铜芯分别作为电容式传感器的两个电极.待测的水被绝缘皮隔离在双芯电线的周围.由于两铜芯间的边缘电场的存在,水位的变化会影响两铜芯之间的电容量,因此水位值可通过测量该电容量计算出来.利用测量电路对传感器的测量结果表明:传感器的电容量随水位线性变化,精度为1mm.水位上升时,传感器反应非常灵敏.但水位下降时,传感器的灵敏度略有迟缓.当水位在10秒内从0.9米快速下降到零水位,传感器的响应时间为1分钟.     

一种选择工程随机载荷统计分布的累积剩余熵法

基于Lévy稳定分布,给出了一种选择工程随机载荷统计分布的累积剩余熵法.该方法采用候选分布估计载荷的累积分布和尾分布,并计算累积剩余熵,以及候选分布与真实分布的相对距离,相对距离越小表明候选分布越接近载荷的真实分布.结合永济第二节制闸上下游水位工程实例,对提出的方法进行了验证.计算结果表明:与正态分布、极值Ⅰ型分布相比,Lévy稳定分布的精度最高,能够较好地刻画水位分布的拖尾性;累积剩余熵的相对距离表明Lévy稳定分布与实际分布之间的误差最小,因此,基于Lévy稳定分布的累积剩余熵是一种有效工程随机载荷统计分布的方法,保证了工程结构可靠度计算的准确性.     

随机微分方程数值解在泄洪风险分析中的应用

根据泄洪过程中库水位过程的随机微分方程,利用数值解方法,模拟了随机干扰下的库水位及其波动状况.采用相应公式计算了洪水漫越坝顶事件的概率以及库水位过程在不同时刻的样本均值.并通过比较在同样强度的随机干扰下库水位的高低状况,确定出各种泄洪方案的优劣,从而对防洪工作具有重要的指导意义.     

青海河流水位流量关系的聚类分析

河流的水位流量关系千差万别,它不仅与测验断面的几何形状和几何尺寸有关,而且决定于河道的水力特性,如比降、糙率等.研究水位流量关系,不仅对水文测验和资料整编,而且对防洪抗旱以及水资源调查和部队作战等都具有重要意义.由于水位流量关系的分类标准难以确定,所以不得不借助于某些数学方法.本文试用模糊数学的方法,对水位流量关系进行分类尝试. 一、水位流量关系的概化 青海省境内河流冲淤变化剧烈,不少河流还有分流串沟和主槽摆动现象,因此水位流量关系十分复杂.畅流期水位流量关系曲线为单一线的站只有几个,其他均为多条线,有的站甚至多…     

模糊数学理论在水库长期径流预报中的应用

本文运用模糊数学的理论方法对汛期径流预报进行了探讨 ,即首先对汛期来水的理论实测资料 ,运用最大树法和软化分法进行了模糊聚类分析 ,得到汛期来水的多个预报模式 ;进而利用Gamma分布和模糊概率的方法 ,预报出汛期的来水流量及其实现的概率     

通用函数边界下潜水非稳定流模型的解及应用

针对半无限域河渠附近潜水非稳定运动经典模型中河渠水位边界条件概化的局限性,在经典模型的基础之上将河渠水位变化过程概化为通用函数形式,并采用Laplace变换方法对模型进行处理,结合Laplace变换中的微分定理和卷积定理,给出了模型的解析解.同时,为探讨解在实际问题中的运用,对河渠水位变化过程进行Lagrange线性插值,并结合相关实测水位数据,利用MATLAB软件对含水层参数进行求解.结果表明,通用函数形式河渠水位边界条件下给出的模型解析式形式较为简洁,解的构成也均为常规函数,结合插值函数,经处理后进行含水层参数求解,方法简便且结果精度较高,具有较好的推广价值.     

Sequential Estimation of the Maximum in a Model for Corrosion Data

One method of monitoring corrosion in an underground storage tank involves placing a sensor in the tank and running it around the tank's interior. As it runs, the sensor records the local thickness of the tank. In this paper we consider the problem of estimating the maximum pit depth by providing a confidence interval that achieves both a specified confidence level and a specified degree of precision. A particular model, the three-parameter beta, is considered, and a stopping rule for determining the sample size is proposed. It is shown that the stopping rule achieves the desired confidence level and precision, asymptotically as the precision requirement becomes increasingly stringent. Moreover, the stopping rule is asymptotically efficient in terms of sample size. The limiting distribution of the stopping rule is derived, and simulation results are presented to supplement the asymptotics with finite sample size behavior.     

Optimal control of water level oscillations in surge tank of hydropower station with long headrace tunnel under combined operating conditions

This paper aims to realize the optimal control of water level oscillations in surge tank of hydropower station with long headrace tunnel under combined operating conditions. Firstly, the definitions of four typical combined operating conditions are presented, and the optimal control objectives of water level oscillations in surge tank under combined operating conditions are proposed. Then, the concept of the most favorable superimposition time of water level oscillation is proposed, and the analytical solutions of the most favorable superimposition time are derived and verified. Finally, for the superimposition operating condition, the attenuation of the water level oscillation under the most favorable superimposition time is analyzed, a novel control strategy of the load adjustments of the units is proposed, and an application example for the proposed load adjustment mode is presented. The results indicate that the optimal control of the water level oscillations in surge tank under combined operating conditions depends on the selection of the superimposition time and the optimization of the mode of the load adjustments under the superimposition operating condition. The most favorable superimposition time can minimize the extreme water levels in surge tank under the superimposition operating condition, and the analytical solutions under the four typical combined operating conditions are highly accurate. The cascaded load adjustment mode proposed in this paper can realize the ideal attenuation of water level oscillations under superimposition operating conditions, and can obviously improve the flexibility of the unit operations.     

Seismic-generated unsteady motions in shallow basins and channels. Part II: Numerical modelling

In this paper, unsteady motions generated by seismic-type excitation are simulated by a 2D depth-averaged mathematical model based on the classic shallow water approximation. A suitable time-dependent forcing term is added in the governing equations, and these are solved by a MUSCL-type shock-capturing finite volume scheme with a splitting treatment of the source term. The HLL approximate Riemann solver is used to estimate the numerical fluxes. The accuracy of the numerical scheme is assessed by comparison with novel exact solutions of test cases concerning sinusoidally-generated sloshing in a prismatic tank, a rectangular open channel, and a parabolic basin. A sensitivity analysis is performed on the influence of the relevant dimensionless parameters. Moreover, numerical results are validated against experimental data available in literature concerning shallow water sloshing in a swaying tank. Finally, real‐scale applications to a reservoir created by a dam and an urban water-supply storage tank are presented. The results show that the model provides accurate solutions of the shallow water equations with a seismic-type source term and can be effectively adopted to predict the main flow features of the unsteady motion induced by horizontal seismic acceleration when the long wave assumption is valid.     

重物落水后运动过程的数学模型

为了迅速有效地封堵在汛期河道堤防出现的溃口,建立了重物落水后运动过程的微分方程模型,并采用单因子分析法进行误差分析.分析了不同水流速度、不同投放高度和不同投放方式对模型的影响.然后通过小型试验验证了所建模型的合理性及正确性.结果表明,该模型能够较准确地模拟重物落水后的运动过程,有利于辅助防灾减灾工作的顺利进行.     

A model of liquid level measurements

A model of measuring the level of a viscous incompressible liquid in a tank as based on the liquid level in a measuring tube is investigated. The tank is in the field of gravity, and the tank liquid level varies according to some law. As a result, a Dirichlet boundary value problem for a nonlinear integrodifferential equation of parabolic type is obtained. A global existence and uniqueness theorem is proved for a weak solution of the problem. In the case of a tank level decreasing linearly with time, it is shown numerically that the liquid level in the measuring tube oscillates with a decaying amplitude with respect to the tank level.     

时变垂向入渗影响下河渠-潜水非稳定渗流模型的解及应用

在河渠边界控制下的半无限含水层中,对时变垂向入渗影响下的潜水非稳定渗流模型,利用Boussinesq第一线性化方法,通过Laplace变换并结合卷积原理,导出模型的解析解．根据不同水文地质条件下解的数学特征,建立相应的含水层参数求解方法;在此基础上,建立计算河渠与含水层之间水量交换的公式,以及计算潜水蒸发强度的递推公式．以安徽淮北平原某河流-潜水含水层系统为例,阐述上述方法的计算过程与步骤．     

The effect of number of baffles on the improvement efficiency of primary sedimentation tanks

In this study, the effect of different numbers of baffles is investigated using computational simulation. Laboratory measurements using different numbers of constant height baffles in a rectangular primary sedimentation tank are conducted. The velocity fields measured by an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) are used to verify the results of the computational model. The effects of the number of baffles arrangement on the hydraulic performance of primary settling tanks are studied by using two different ways: the parameters of flow pattern and the Flow Through Curves (FTCs) method. The results of both the experimental and computational investigations indicate that increasing the number of baffles in suitable positions provides minimum volume of the recirculation region, dissipates the kinetic energy, creates a uniform flow field in the tank and finally the hydraulic efficiency of the sedimentation tank will be improved.     

贮液圆筒在水中的弯曲自由振动

本文研究了贮液圆筒在水中的弯曲自由振动问题,液体和水的深度均可任意,导出了水中贮液圆筒的振型函数及固有频率的精确计算公式,结果可由计算机解出.分析表明,液体和水对简体振动的影响各自等效一附着于筒体的广义分布质量.     

Estimation of terrestrial heat flow from temperature measurements in bottom sediments

Under study is the problem of estimation of the terrestrial heat flow from the temperature measurements in the bottom sediments. The problem is divided into the two subproblems: first, we solve the one-dimensional inverse problem of estimating the heat conductivity λ and, second, compute the heat flow value by solving the direct stationary problem using the just-found value of λ. We develop a sweep method for solving the direct problem which differs from the standard. An optimization approach is used for solving the inverse problem, and the explicit formulas are obtained for computing the gradient of the error functional. We analyze the factors that cause errors in estimating the heat flow. We show that the main contribution to the errors is given by the presence of harmonics with the periods exceeding the temperature monitoring time interval. We show that if the parameters of the harmonics are known then we can calculate some corrections for the obtained value of the heat flow. The results were applied to the data of temperature measurements carried out at the bottom of Lake Teletskoye from June of 2008 to September of 2010. For finding the long-period harmonics, we use the meteorological data about the bottom water temperature from 1968 to 2011. This allowed us to estimate the heat flow through the bottom of Lake Teletskoye as well as the thermal diffusivity in the upper layer of the sediments.