基于空心光波导的激光吸收光谱氨气传感器

空心光波导(hollow waveguide, HWG)可以同时传输红外激光和目标气体,是激光气体传感器中的新型气体池,具有体积小、响应速度快的特点。基于可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术,以空心光波导为气体池,研制了氨气激光传感器。采用波长调制光谱(wavelength modulation spectroscopy, WMS)技术,同时解调气体吸收的一次谐波(1f)和二次谐波(2f)信号,通过1f归一化2f信号实现免校准(calibration-free)测量。利用标准气体进行验证实验,结果表明,传感器的响应线性度R2为0.999 8,响应时间24 s。Allan方差结果表明积分时间18 s时检测限为26 ppbv。该传感器可以用于空气中痕量氨气的快速、高灵敏检测。     

五羰基铁气相爆轰法合成纳米碳胶囊

采用气相爆轰法,以乙炔气体、氧气和五羰基铁为原料成功地合成了比表面积为253.857m~2/g的胶囊状碳纳米材料。对反应的前置实验九羰基二铁的热分解反应的研究表明,在60～140℃之间,九羰基二铁热分解为五羰基铁和十二羰基三铁。对爆轰产物进行了XRD、TEM和BET物理吸附实验,结果表明:产物XRD图谱石墨峰明显,产物主要为具有石墨化倾向的薄层胶囊状无定形碳结构;实验产物比表面积为253.857m~2/g,孔体积为0.940cm~3/g,平均孔径为2.731nm;吸附-脱附曲线回滞环类型为H3型,孔结构主要为颗粒堆积而形成的狭缝孔;爆轰产物比表面积较大,具有较强的吸附能力。证实了同样采用铁作为触媒,乙炔在不添加惰性气体作为缓冲剂的情况下,由于爆速过高而无法用于合成碳纳米管。     

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱法测量环境空气中的甲烷含量

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱法是在二极管激光器与长光程吸收池技术相结合的基础上发展起 来的一种新的痕量气体检测方法.这种方法不仅精度较高、选择性强而且响应速度快.介绍了 一套可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱检测甲烷浓度的实验装置.这套装置具有灵敏度高、检测限 低（低于0087mg/m3³）、易于集成为便携式痕量气体检测仪等优点，利用 这套装置实现了对环境空气中甲烷含量的检测. 关键词： 可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱 多次回归 多次反射池     

无固体窗口拉曼池的受激拉曼散射实验研究

在高功率激光作用下,拉曼池窗口及其膜层很容易被激光损坏。设计了一种新型的无固体窗口的拉曼池,利用安装在拉曼池两端的两个快门来取代通常的固体窗口,拉曼池内充有与环境气体密度接近的混合气体,在快门打开后的一定时间内,气体扩散不占主导地位,从而实现拉曼转换。研究了窗口气体流动对受激拉曼散射的影响。     

Ar气中超连续谱产生的研究

采用中心波长为800nm,脉宽30fs的超快激光在Ar气池中产生了200—1000nm宽范围的超连续谱.通过改变激光脉冲的初始啁啾量、单脉冲能量、气体压强以及聚焦长度等条件,详细研究了获得稳定的超宽频谱的条件.结果表明,单脉冲能量为20mJ,附带29×10⁴fs²正色散的啁啾脉冲用f=50mm的凹面镜在15m长,23×10⁵Pa的Ar气中聚焦,得到稳定的频谱宽度达10³THz的超连续谱.还测量了光斑 关键词： 非线性效应 超连续谱 初始啁啾 光斑远场模式     

基于新型长光程多次反射池的CO高灵敏度检测

在吸收光谱检测技术中,常利用多次反射池技术增加吸收气体的光程长度,以提高灵敏度,降低检测极限。通过综合传统的多次反射Herriott池和White池的优点,利用White池的三镜光学结构和Herriott池的光路传输原理,设计出了一种新型的长光程多次反射池,其结构简单、外形紧凑、光程可调、性能稳定并且小型化。将研制出的基长20cm、光程范围10～100m可调的新型多次反射池应用于可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术中进行一氧化碳气体的探测,结合数字信号处理技术可把现场检测的灵敏度提高到10-6量级。实验结果显示这种新型多次反射池在吸收光谱技术中应用良好,与传统同基长的反射池相比,气体检测灵敏度有了明显的提高。     

光谱学 激光光谱学

O433.54 2006042918可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱法监测大气痕量气体中的浓度标定方法研究=Concentration calibration method of am-bient trace-gas monitoring with tunable diode laser absorp-tion spectroscopy[刊,中]/阚瑞峰(中科院安徽光机所环境光学与技术重点实验室.安徽,合肥(230031)) ,刘文清…∥光谱学与光谱分析.—2006 ,26(3) .—392-395可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱法是在可调谐二极管激光器与长光程吸收池技术相结合的基础上发展起来的一种新的痕量气体检测方法。在大部分痕量气体检测仪器中需要精确地对检测气体进行在线的浓度…     

锗、铁、镍等离子软X射线谱的测量和分类

为了研究铁周期元素的高剥离态离子谱,在LF—11~#激光装置上,用激光辐照钛、铁、镍等元素的固体平面靶,产生高离化态等离子体。聚焦在靶面的激光功率密度为5×10~(13)—1×10~14瓦/厘米~2,焦斑直径60—80微米,脉冲宽度350—824皮秒,激光波长1.06微米。用KAP平晶摄谱仪测量了等离子体发射的软x射线谱,其波长范围为8—20A。 根据发表的离子谱线波长和离子能级数据,并用等电子序列内插外推的方法,对59条钛离子谱,92条铁离子谱和90条镍离子谱进行了分类,它们分别属于TiXVⅡ—TiXXⅡ,FeXⅥ—FeXXⅥ,NiXⅦ—NiXXⅦ等离子的2s—nP,和2p—ns,np,nd(n=3—8)等类型的跃迁。     

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱法监测大气痕量气体中的浓度标定方法研究

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术是利用二极管激光器波长调谐特性,获得被测气体的特征吸收光谱范围内的吸收光谱,从而对污染气体进行定性或者定量分析。在空气痕量气体检测中,一般需要和长光程吸收池相结合使用。可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱法就是在可调谐二极管激光器与长光程吸收池技术相结合的基础上发展起来的一种新的痕量气体检测方法。这种方法不仅精度较高,选择性强而且响应速度快。已经广泛用于大气中多种痕量气体的检测以及地面的痕量气体和气体泄漏的检测。在大部分痕量气体检测仪器中需要精确地对检测气体进行在线的浓度标定,文章介绍了一个简单而精确的浓度标定方法,从理论上进行了分析,然后通过实验证明了这种方法的可行性。     

H_2、D_2及H_2/D_2混合气体受激拉曼特性研究

受激拉曼散射是扩展激光波长的重要方法,但是气体中非线性光学过程对受激拉曼光的影响非常复杂,实验研究受激拉曼光与气体气压及拉曼池耦合透镜焦距的关系是实际应用受激拉曼光的重要手段。设计了受激拉曼实验装置及其测量系统,采用Nd:YAG激光器的四倍频激光266 nm作为抽运源,活性气体(H2、D2及H2/D2混合气体)分别被密封在长为100 cm的拉曼管中,输出的拉曼激光由棱镜分光后用能量计采集保存用以研究拉曼散射特性。给出了H2、D2及H2/D2混合气体的各级Stokes和反Stokes受激拉曼激光能量与气体气压及透镜焦距的关系。获得了217.84~447.15 nm之间的12条激光谱线,有效地扩展了拉曼激光的应用范围。研究结果对气体受激拉曼光的实际应用具有十分重要的价值。     

HREELS investigation of CO and K coadsorption on Fe(110)

The coadsorption of CO and K on Fe(110) has been studied using HREELS. Three adsorption states of CO with distinct C-O stretch frequencies have been found. These states, which are occupied sequentially during the exposure to CO and named as ₁,₂ and ₃, have strong (₁), intermediate (₂) and weak (₃) interaction respectively between the adsorbed CO molecule and the coadsorbed K. The distance between the CO molecule and the nearest K neighbor is the shortest for the ₁ state and the longest for ₃. The distance for the latter is estimated to be larger than 6 Å.     

Pulsed wire discharge for nanosize powder synthesis

The pulsed wire discharge, as one of the well-developed pulsed power technologies, has been successfully applied to nanosize powder production. In the demonstration experiments, the discharge was carried out with the peak current of ~10 kA, the pulse length of ~20 μs, and the pulse energy of ~80 J. Nanosize powders of metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, and Pb), metal oxides (Al₂O₃, TiO₂, Fe ₂O₃, NiO, ZrO₂, SnO₂, and PbO), and metal nitrides (TiN, ZrN, Ta₂N) have been synthesized by pulsed discharge of metal wires in argon, oxygen, or nitrogen. The typical powder production rate was ~5 mg/pulse. The results of surface-area measurement have given the average powder sizes in the range of 20~70 nm, depending on the material of the powder     

添加Fe(C5H5)2合成氢掺杂金刚石大单晶及其表征

在Ni₇₀Mn₂₅Co₅-C体系中添加含氢化合物Fe(C₅H₅)₂作为新型氢源, 利用温度梯度法, 在压力为5.5-6.0 GPa、温度为1280-1400 ℃的条件下, 成功合成出氢掺杂的宝石级金刚石大单晶. 通过傅里叶显微红外光谱发现, 随着Fe(C₅H₅)₂添加量的增加, 合成晶体中与氢相关的对应于sp³杂化C-H键的对称伸缩振动和反对称伸缩振动的红外特征峰2850和2920 cm^-1逐渐增强, 而晶体中氮含量却逐渐减少. 通过合成晶体的拉曼光谱分析发现, 金刚石的拉曼峰伴随Fe(C₅H₅)₂的添加向高频偏移, 这表明氢的进入在金刚石内部产生了压应力. 观察扫描电子显微镜图像发现, 在低含量Fe(C₅H₅)₂添加时晶体表面平滑, 而高含量添加时晶体表面缺陷增多, 且呈现出气孔状. 使用新的添加剂Fe(C₅H₅)₂作为氢源, 合成出含氢宝石级金刚石单晶, 丰富了金刚石单晶中对氢的研究内容, 也可为理解天然金刚石的形成机理提供帮助.     

Comparative analysis of the 1H NMR relaxation enhancement produced by iron oxide and core-shell iron-iron oxide nanoparticles

Physicochemical and magnetorelaxometric characterization of the colloidal suspensions consisting of Fe-based nanoparticles coated with dextran have been carried out. Iron oxide and iron core/iron oxide shell nanoparticles were obtained by laser-induced pyrolysis of Fe(CO)₅ vapours. Under different magnetic field strengths, the colloidal suspension formed by iron oxide nanoparticles showed longitudinal (R₁) and transverse (R₂) nuclear magnetic relaxation suspension (NMRD) profiles, similar to those previously reported for other commercial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. However, colloidal suspension formed by ferromagnetic iron-core nanoparticles showed a strong increase of the R₁ values at low applied magnetic fields and a strong increase of the R₂ measured at high applied magnetic field. This behaviour was explained considering the larger magnetic aggregate size and saturation magnetization values measured for this sample, 92 nm and 31 emu/g Fe, respectively, with respect to those measured for the colloidal suspensions of iron oxide nanoparticles (61 nm and 23 emu/g Fe). This suspension can be used both as T₁ and T₂ contrast agent.     

The effect of thickness and annealing condition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe/Pt multilayer thin films

[Fe(0.5 nm)/Pt(0.5 nm)]₄₀, [Fe(1 nm)/Pt(1.5 nm)]₂₀ and [Fe(3 nm)/Pt(3 nm)]₁₀ multilayer were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. By conventional furnace annealing (CA) at 270–600 °C for various time, all of the films still remained the disordered structure with the soft magnetic phase. By rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 500 °C for various time, we obtained the [Fe(1 nm)/Pt(1.5 nm)]₂₀ and [Fe(3 nm)/Pt(3 nm)]₁₀ films with L1₂ ordered FePt₃ phase which was almost ferromagnetic at room temperature. However, the [Fe(0.5 nm)/Pt(0.5 nm)]₄₀ films was still disordered state even under RTA. Compared with CA, RTA exposed an outstanding effect on accelerating the phase transition when the film thickness is over [Fe(0.5 nm)/Pt(0.5 nm)]₄₀.     

Coexistence of Magnetism and Conductivity in Bis(ethylenediseleno) Tetrathiafulvalene (BEST) with Octahedral Anions Hexacyanoferrate (III)and Nitroprusside

Using an accurate density-function method, we explore the coexistence of the magnetism and conductivity in bis(ethylenediselena)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEST) with the paramagnetic hexacyanoferrate(III) [Fe(CN)₆]^3- or the photochromic nitroprusside anion [Fe(CN)₅NO]^2-. The total and partial densities of states, and the atomic spin magnetic moments are calculated and discussed. It is found that the up- and down-spin total densities of states (DOS) are continuous in the vicinity of the Fermi level, there is overlap between the HOMO and LUMO in the up-spin subbands and the down-spin subbands, which reveals that these types of compounds have conductive properties. From the total and partial densities of states and atomic spin magnetic moments, it is shown that the spin magnetic moments of (BEST)₄[Fe(CN)₆] is mainly assembled at the iron atom and the cyanogen radical, and the spontaneous magnetic moments for (BEST)₂[Fe(CN)₅NO] come from iron atom, cyanogen and nitric oxide radical. To our best knowledge, it is the first theoretical study on the coexistence of the magnetism and conductivity of these compounds.     

Insights into the sonochemical decomposition of Fe(CO)5: theoretical and experimental understanding of the role of molar concentration and power density on the reaction yield

The present work analyses, in detail, the optimization of a sonochemical process with respect to concentration of precursor and power supplied in a system. This is due to that even a small change in power dramatically changes the high-energy conditions created with the bubble collapse. A model reaction that has been considered for this purpose involves the decomposition of Fe(CO)₅ in decalin solvent as this reaction is strongly influenced by the cavitation conditions. Sonochemical treatment of this carbonyl results in the formation of amorphous Fe₂O₃, which on heat treatment gives nanocrystalline Fe₂O₃. It has been observed that concentration and power density parameters play an important role to obtain higher decomposition of Fe(CO)₅ and hence higher yield of the amorphous Fe₂O₃ product. Also, using the experimentally observed results, a correlation (polynomial) has been developed.     

ZnSb掺杂的Ge2Sb2Te5薄膜的相变性能研究

本文采用双靶(ZnSb靶和Ge₂Sb₂Te₅靶)共溅射制备了系列ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅(GST)薄膜. 利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、原位等温/变温电阻测量、X射线光电子能谱等测试研究了薄膜样品的非晶形态、电学及原子成键特性. 利用等温原位电阻测试表明ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜具有更高的结晶温度. 采用Arrhenius 公式计算发现ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜的十年数据保持温度均高于传统的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜的88.9℃. 薄膜在200, 250, 300和350℃ 下退火后的X射线衍射图谱表明ZnSb的掺杂抑制了Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜从fcc态到hex态的转变. 通过对薄膜的光电子能谱和透射电镜分析可知Zn, Sb, Te原子之间键进行重组, 形成Zn–Sb 和Zn–Te 键, 且构成非晶物质存在于晶体周围. 采用相变静态检测仪测试样品的相变行为发现ZnSb掺杂的Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜具有更快的结晶速度. 特别是(ZnSb)_24.3(Ge₂Sb₂Te₅)_75.7薄膜, 其结晶温度达到250℃, 十年数据保持温度达到130.1℃, 并且在70 mW激光脉冲功率下晶化时间仅～64 ns, 远快于传统Ge₂Sb₂Te₅薄膜的晶化时间～280 ns. 以上结果表明(ZnSb)_24.3(Ge₂Sb₂Te₅)_75.7薄膜是一种热稳定性好且结晶速度快的相变存储材料.     

Third-order nonlinearity and optical limiting of dichloromethane solutions of cis-Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2

Oxidized dichloromethane solutions of cis-Mo(CO)₄(PPh₃)₂ stabilized by the addition of excess PPh₃ exhibit unusual large molecular second-order hyperpolarizabilities with minimal linear absorption. To better understand the mechanism by which this occurs, DFWM, Z-scan and optical limiting experiments have been carried out on oxidized dichloromethane solutions of cis-Mo(CO)₄(PPh₃)₂ using 5.8 ns laser pulses at 532 nm. Our results demonstrate that the mechanism by which the oxidized species enhance the third-order nonlinear response is not dominated by thermal effects, but is instead due to the strong nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction of the oxidized species. Moreover, the oxidized species shows very strong optical limiting properties. Such complexes would be very interesting third-order nonlinear optical materials for optical limiting applications.     

Highly efficient 1181 nm output from a transversely diode-pumped Nd:KGd(WO4)2 self-stimulating Raman laser

We have achieved high average power Raman output from a compact, diode-pumped, self-stimulating Nd³⁺:KGd(WO₄)₂ Raman laser. Maximum Raman output power of 0.8 W was achieved at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 2 kHz. The optical efficiency from diode to Raman laser was 14%. By generating extra-cavity second harmonics using a LiB₃O₅ crystal, it was possible to produce 0.2 W yellow output. The laser system was simulated numerically using rate equations and the results obtained were in good agreement with the experimental results.