合成3,3′-二吲哚基苯基甲烷的新方法

以无水乙醚为溶剂,室温下无水三氯化铝催化N-(2-氯乙基)苯甲醛亚胺与吲哚反应,合成了3,3′-二吲哚基苯基甲烷和6,12-二苯基吲哚[2,3-b]咔唑,其结构经1HNMR,IR和MS表征。     

3-取代芳基-2-吲哚基膦酸酯的合成

本文根据Fischer吲哚合成法制备了一系列的3-取代芳基-2-吲哚基膦酸酯. 盐酸苯肼与o,o-二异丙基-4-氯-苯乙酰基膦酸酯在无水酒精中反应, O,O-二异丙基-(4'-氯苯-3H-吲哚-2-膦酸酯能被分离出来, 而且它的异构化最终产物能被观察到.     

2-吲哚酮和5-甲基-2-吲哚酮的无溶剂法制备

以苯胺和氯乙酰氯为原料在NaOH存在下酰化合成N-氯乙酰基苯胺,然后N-氯乙酰基苯胺在无水AICI,催化下环化合成2-吲哚酮．对由N-氯乙酰基苯胺合成2-吲哚酮的工艺条件进行了改进．结果表明合成2-吲哚酮的最佳条件为：反应温度为220℃,反应时间为60min,加料时温度为180℃,N-氯乙酰基苯胺与氯化钠,无水AlCl3的重量比为1：1：5．5．改进后的合成2-吲哚酮收率达到88．3％,纯度99％,收率比原工艺提高了24．6％．在此基础上,还合成了5-甲基-2-吲哚酮,并得到其最佳条件为：反应温度为190℃,反应时间为30min,加料时温度为180℃,4-甲基-N-氯乙酰基苯胺与氯化钠,无水AlCl3的重量比为1：1：5．5,收率达到83．1％,纯度为99％．     

3-取代吲哚衍生物的合成*

目前吲哚化学的研究是杂环化学中最活跃的领域之一,特别是3-取代吲哚衍生物,已用于许多天然产物和相应具有生物活性化合物重要骨架的构筑,其合成方法的研究格外令人注目。近年来,由吲哚一步合成3-取代吲哚衍生物的报道剧增。本文按合成过程中所用催化剂的种类,综述近几年来由吲哚为原料一步合成二吲哚甲烷、β-吲哚酮、β-吲哚醇、β-吲哚硝基化合物和α-吲哚甲胺等为代表3-取代吲哚衍生物的研究进展。     

酸度调控的3,3-二乙硫基丙烯酸酯的吲哚化反应

探讨了酸度调控的3,3-二乙硫基丙烯酸酯的吲哚化反应,选择性地合成3,3-二吲哚基丙烯酸酯和3-吲哚基-3-氧代丙酸酯.研究表明,3,3-二乙硫基丙烯酸酯与吲哚反应时,在稀酸条件下,高产率生成3,3-二吲哚基丙烯酸酯,而在浓酸条件下,生成的3-吲哚基-3-乙硫基丙烯酸酯不稳定,在后处理和柱层析分离时易水解,高产率得到3-吲哚基-3-氧代丙酸酯.     

3-仲氨基氧杂环丁烷-3-腈衍生物的合成

以仲胺、氧杂环丁-3-酮和三甲基氰硅烷为原料,无水甲醇为溶剂,无需催化剂,一步反应合成目标化合物3-仲氨基氧杂环丁烷-3-腈衍生物（1a~1d）,产物结构经1H NMR和ESI-MS表征。并以异吲哚啉、氧杂环丁-3-酮和三甲基氰硅烷的反应为模型反应,考察影响产物1a收率的主要因素,确定最佳反应条件为：物料摩尔比为n（异吲哚啉）: n（氧杂环丁-3-酮）: n（三甲基氰硅烷）= 2.0 : 1 : 2.5;反应溶剂为无水甲醇,在65 ℃反应6 h。在最佳反应条件下,化合物1a收率78.3 %。对于目标化合物的应用进行了研究,发现化合物1a与苯基溴化镁在四氢呋喃溶剂中,室温反应5 h,得到2-(3-苯基氧杂环丁烷-3-基)异吲哚啉（4）和 [3-(异吲哚啉-2-基) 氧杂环丁烷-3-基](苯基)甲酮（5）,收率分别为40.1 %和31.5 %。     

吲哚-2-甲酸和(S)-吲哚啉-2-甲酸的合成和相互转化研究进展

吲哚-2-甲酸和(S)-吲哚啉-2-甲酸均是具有生物活性的天然产物和众多降压药的特征结构片段,报道了它们的合成及其相互转化研究进展.吲哚啉-2-甲酸可由吲哚-2-甲酸还原制得,其中(S)-吲哚啉-2-甲酸可由外消旋体拆分或通过不对称合成法制备,其中"手性源法"作为一种新出现的方法具有较好的前景.吲哚-2-甲酸可由Fischer吲哚合成法制备,或通过取代苯胺或苯甲醛制备,也可通过吲哚啉衍生物氧化脱氢制备,其中Fischer合成法仍具有较强的竞争力.     

氮杂吲哚合成

氮杂吲哚是一类重要的杂环分子,在材料科学以及药物设计与合成中具有重要地位。由于氮杂吲哚在结构上区别于吲哚,所以一些经典的合成吲哚的方法并不很适用于氮杂吲哚的合成。近年来,金属有机化学的发展为氮杂吲哚的合成提供了更多的原料选择以及更有效的成环方式,从而为氮杂吲哚的合成开辟了新的方向。本文综述了氮杂吲哚有机合成方法学近年来的进展,介绍了通过Bartoli合成、Fischer吲哚合成、有机锂试剂、过渡金属促进以及其他方法来合成氮杂吲哚类化合物的研究,总结了合成各类氮杂吲哚(4-氮杂吲哚、5-氮杂吲哚、6-氮杂吲哚以及7-氮杂吲哚)的常用有机合成方法,为促进氮杂吲哚类化合物在药物合成化学以及材料科学方面的应用提供了基础。     

3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3'-基氧化吲哚的立体选择性合成

以10 mol%(R,R)-环己二胺衍生的手性双功能硫脲叔胺(4b)为催化剂,3'-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚与α-氨基砜为原料,经3'-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚与原位生成的N-Boc芳香醛亚胺的不对称Mannich反应,合成了20个3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3'-基氧化吲哚类化合物(3a~3t),分离收率54%~98%,dr值90∶10~99∶1,其结构经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。     

肿瘤的化学治疗 Ⅵ.几种[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-吲??-2-羧酸的合成

1.本文叙述了从2,4-二硝基苯甲醛开始经过七步反应合成6-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-吲哚-2-羧酸(Ⅵb). 2.从相应的硝基吲哚-2-羧酸(Ⅶa和Ⅶb)经还原,羟乙基化,氯化,水解制成5-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-吲哚-2-羧酸(Ⅵa)和7-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-吲哚-2-羧酸(Ⅵc). 3.制备了双-(β-氯乙基)-吲哚-2-甲酰胺(ⅩⅥ),吲哚-2-甲酰-乙烯亚胺(ⅩⅦ)和3-碘代吲哚-2-羧酸(ⅩⅧ)业已制备.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.