金纳米微粒修饰毛细管电泳分离蛋白质的研究

报道了金纳米微粒(Au NP)修饰毛细管电泳分离蛋白质的方法.采用物理吸附法将Au NP修饰在熔融石英毛细管内表面,制备成Au NP修饰毛细管.探讨了修饰剂Au NP的浓度对电渗流及蛋白质分离的影响.结果表明,Au NP修饰的毛细管能有效地抑制电渗流及蛋白质在毛细管内壁上的吸附,提高分离效率.在优化的实验条件下,实现了...     

基于树枝状分子及功能化金纳米粒子的电化学免疫传感器检测污泥中大肠杆菌

利用树枝状分子-金纳米粒子复合物修饰电极和金纳米粒子标记物构建电化学免疫传感器,用于污泥中大肠杆菌的检测.首先在玻碳电极表面电聚合对氨基苯甲酸,通过共价作用结合第Ⅳ代氨基末端的树枝状分子(G4-PAMAM),并在其内部载入金纳米粒子,制备修饰电极(GCE/p-ABA/PAMAM (AuNPs)),用于固定大肠杆菌.采用硫堇作为电活性物质包被金纳米粒子,用于标记二抗制备金纳米粒子标记物(Ab2-Au-Th).通过抗原-抗体之间的特异性识别作用,将一抗、金纳米粒子标记物依次修饰在电极表面,用差分脉冲伏安法测定硫堇产生的电流信号,实现对大肠杆菌的检测.在优化的实验条件下,响应电流与大肠杆菌浓度的对数在1.0×102～1.0×106 cfu/mL范围内呈线性关系,检出限为70 cfu/mL(S/N=3).利用本方法检测污水处理厂的不同污泥样品中的大肠杆菌,回收率为89.4％～ 105.8％.     

新型含N-吡啶基吡唑杂环的邻氨基苯甲酸酯类化合物合成，结构及生物活性研究

设计,合成了8个新的含N-吡啶基吡唑杂环的邻氨基苯甲酸酯类化合物,结构经FTIR, MS, 1H NMR 和元素分析确证,并且采用X-射线衍射分析方法确证了具有较好生物活性的化合物14d的结构。并且对这些化合物进行了杀虫活性测试,结果表明目标化合物在200 µg·mL-1对粘虫 (Mythimna separata Walker)具有一定的杀虫活性,其中14d,14f,14h在1 µg·mL-1对淡色库蚊（Culex pipiens pallens）具有很好的杀幼虫活性。     

毛细管电泳分离氟苯甲酸同系物

建立了毛细管区带电泳分离测定10种氟苯甲酸同系物的方法.考察了缓冲溶液的组成添加剂浓度、酸度及分离电压等因素的影响.选定的分离条件为:分离电压为17 kV,30 mmol/L β-环糊精(β-CD)+22 mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲溶液作为电泳缓冲液(pH 8.80),检测波长为214 nm.在上述条件下,10种氟苯甲酸同系物在7.5 min 内可完全分离,检出限为0.8～4.5 mg/L; 峰面积相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.3%～4.3%;回收率为88.9%～102.8%.本方法高效、快速、简便,有望应用于油田示踪剂中氟苯甲酸同系物的分析.     

苯甲酸及其单取代物的柱前衍生及毛细管电泳分离测定

以7-氨基-1,3-萘二磺酸为柱前衍生试剂,采用邻氯苯甲酸为内标,建立了苯甲酸及其单取代物的区带毛细管电泳-二极管阵列检测器(DAD)分离测定方法。实验考察了运行缓冲液浓度及pH值,β-CD浓度、柱温及分离电压对分离的影响。优化实验条件下,苯甲酸及其单取代衍生物峰面积与内标物峰面积之比与分析物相应浓度呈良好线性关系,相关系数是0.9972～0.9998,样品加标回收率在97.6%～101.5%之间,相对标准偏差为0.68%～2.04%。采用该法对实际生抽、老抽样品中的苯甲酸进行测定,结果满意。     

毛细管电泳安培检测法测定儿茶中的儿茶素,表儿茶素

用毛细管电泳安培检测法同时测定了中药儿茶中儿茶素和表儿茶素的含量,研究了各种实验条件对分离效果的影响,得到了优化的实验条件.以直径为50 μm的碳纤维微电极为工作电极,电极电位为+1.2V(vs.Ag/AgCl),20mmol/L的Na2B4O7-H3BO3(pH值为8.4)+80 mmol/L SDS为缓冲溶液.在此条件下,儿茶素和表儿茶素在10 min内得到了良好的分离.儿茶素和表儿茶素分别在5.0×10-3～0.5mg/mL浓度范围内与电泳峰电流呈现良好线性关系,检测下限分别为0.1 mg/mL和0.05 mg/mL.将之应用于实际样品的测定.     

对氨基苯甲酸修饰的金纳米粒子比色法检测水样中痕量杀螟丹

采用柠檬酸钠还原法合成粒径为13nm的金纳米粒子(AuNPs),并在其表面修饰上对氨基苯甲酸(PABA-AuNPs)。实验发现,当杀螟丹存在时,在一定的pH条件下,杀螟丹能够诱导PABA-AuNPs聚集,使AuNPs溶液从酒红色变成蓝色。据此,以对氨基苯甲酸修饰的AuNPs为探针,建立了快速检测杀螟丹的比色方法。通过优化得到最佳条件为:杀螟丹与PABA-AuNPs反应平衡时间4min,缓冲溶液pH=5.5。在优化条件下,检测杀螟丹的线性范围为0.08~0.7mg/L,检测限为0.02mg/L。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏、选择性好等优点,应用于环境水样中的杀螟丹的检测,加标回收率在101%~107%之间,相对标准偏差为2.1%~4.7%。     

毛细管电泳-电化学发光间接测定人血浆中盐酸甲氯芬酯

建立了一种毛细管电泳-电化学发光间接测定人血浆中盐酸甲氯芬酯(MFX)的新方法.在碱性条件下,三联吡啶钌在铂电极上的弱电化学发光信号可以被MFX增敏,且MFX水解后灵敏度比未水解的灵敏度提高了6倍.研究了工作电极电位、磷酸盐缓冲溶液浓度及其pH值、分离电压、进样电压和进样时间等实验参数对MFX水解产物N,N-二甲氨基乙醇测定的影响.在优化实验条件下,其浓度线性范围为0.020～50 μg/mL,检出限(3σ)为6.3 ng/mL,峰高的相对标准偏差为3.1%(10 μg/mL MFX,n=11).利用该法间接地测定了人血浆中MFX的含量,回收率为95.9%～96.9%.     

纳米金修饰玻碳电极对鸟嘌呤的催化氧化

采用电化学沉积法制备了纳米金修饰玻碳电极,并用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法进行了表征,以此建立了一种直接测定鸟嘌呤的电分析方法。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 6.0)中,研究了鸟嘌呤在纳米金修饰电极上的电化学行为,实验结果表明,纳米金修饰电极可以增强鸟嘌呤在电极表面的吸附,并加快鸟嘌呤在电极表面的电子传输,使其电化学信号明显增大,检测灵敏度大大提高,该修饰电极对鸟嘌呤表现出良好的电催化性能。在优化实验条件下对鸟嘌呤进行测定,方法的线性范围为8.0×10-7~6.0×10-5mol/L,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L,在鸟嘌呤浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L时测得RSD(n=10)为2.5%。     

毛细管区带电泳对羟基苯甲酸三种异构体的分离研究

考察了邻羟基苯甲酸、间羟基苯甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸在毛细管区带电泳分离时的行为。研究了缓冲液pH、浓度和分离电压对三种羟基苯甲酸异构体分离的影响,结果表明在10 mmol/L Na2HPO4缓冲体系(pH 10.15),运行电压25kV,实验温度25℃的分离条件下,采取压力进样(3.4 kPa×3 s),检测波长210nm;3种异构体在7 min内获得基线分离。邻羟基苯甲酸、间羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸在2~100μg/mL范围内,峰面积与质量浓度具有较好的线性关系,检出限分别是0.96,1.27和1.07μg/mL。     

Analysis of Carbamazepine in Tablet and Human Serum by Sweeping‐Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Method

Abstract

A sensitive and simple micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method was developed for the determination of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) using a sweeping on‐line concentration method with photodiode array detection. The effect of pH, concentration of the running buffer solution, organic modifier, applied voltage and injection time on the concentration efficiency and separation was investigated. An untreated fused‐silica capillary was used (50 cm; effective length, 40 cm, 75 µm i.d.) for the analysis. The background solution (BGS) was 50 mmol · L^?1 NaH₂PO₄ (pH 3.0) containing 100 mmol · L^?1 SDS and 20% acetonitrile (5.82 ms · cm^?1) with an applied voltage of ?20 kV at 25°C. Sample introduction was performed at 0.5 psi for 90 s with diode array detection at 214 nm. For the method, the calibration curve was linear over a range of 0.5–40 µg · mL^?1 for CBZ with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The detection limit (S/N=3∶1) of CBZ was 0.10 µg · mL^?1. About 100‐fold improvement in concentration sensitivity was achieved in terms of peak height by the sweeping method compared to conventional injection method. The sweeping‐MEKC method has been successfully applied to the analysis of CBZ in tablet and human serum.     

Colorimetric Determination of Lead Using Gold Nanoparticles

A combined homogeneous assay and colorimetric determination method using gold nanoparticles was developed for rapid determination of lead(II) in contaminated natural waters. The presence of lead(II) in the colloidal gold suspension causes a change in the absorbance of the suspension. An increase in the absorption property at 595 nm is accompanied by a change in the size of the gold nanoparticles. High concentrations of lead cause aggregation of the gold colloids. Colloidal gold nanoparticles were synthesized using tannic acid as the reducing agent; this reagent allowed selective determination of lead in 10 µL of water, with a detection limit of 310 ng mL^?1 with an analysis time of 5 min. The coefficient of variation for lead(II) within the working range of the assay (520 ng mL^?1–13 µg mL^?1) varied from 1.3% to 9.2%. The limit of detection using this method with a sample volume of 50 µL was 60 ng mL^?1. The coefficient of variation for lead over the working range of the determined concentrations (80 ng mL^?1–25 µg mL^?1) varied from 0.2% to 9.3%, while the values for the inter-day assay (n = 8) were less than 10%. The method was employed for the analysis of river, lake, marsh, and spring water; the recovery of lead was determined to be 72.5%–130% for 10 µL of water and 93.6%–114.7% for 50 µL.     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Tussilago farfara (L.) essential oil from Quebec,Canada

Abstract

The chemical composition of Tussilago farfara L. essential oil from the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region of Quebec, Canada was analyzed by gas chromatography–flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the antibacterial activity of the oil was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Forty-five (45) compounds were identified from the GC profile. The main components were 1-nonene (40.1%), α-phellandrene (26.0%) and ρ-cymene (6.6%). The essential oil demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli (MIC₅₀ = 468 µg·mL^?1; MIC₉₀ = 6869 µg·mL^?1) and S. aureus (MIC₅₀ = 368 µg·mL^?1; MIC₉₀ = 773 µg·mL^?1). Dodecanoic acid was found to be active against both bacteria having a MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ of 16.4 µg·mL^?1 and 95 µg·mL^?1, respectively for E. coli and a MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ of 9.8 µg·mL^?1 and 27.3 µg·mL^?1, respectively for S. aureus. In addition, 1-decene and (E)-cyclodecene were also found to be active against E. coli.     

On-Line Two-Dimension Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Ingredients in the Medicinal Preparation of Coptis Chinensis Franch

An on-line two-dimension microflow liquid chromatography was developed for better separation and analysis of the highly complex ingredients of medicinal preparation of traditional Chinese medicine Coptis Chinensis Franch. A two-valve switching system was utilized for two-dimension chromatography with strong cation exchange and reverse-phase capillary columns separation. The components were separated well by this system and yielded over 420 peaks. Under the optimal condition, 4 compounds were detected quantitatively. A good linear relationship was obtained from 0.2 µg mL^?1 to 24 µg mL^?1with detection limits (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.05 µg mL^?1 to 0.2 µg mL^?1for the compounds. We demonstrated that the method can be successfully applied to the analysis of a natural complex sample, with satisfactory results.     

Voltammetric Determination of Rosiglitazone in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Human Plasma

Abstract

The voltammetric behavior of rosiglitazone was studied using direct current (DC_t), differential pulse (DPP), and alternating current (AC_t) polarography. The drug manifests cathodic waves over a pH range of 2–11.2. In Britton‐Robinson buffer (BRb; pH 4), the diffusion current–concentration relationship was found to be rectilinear over a range of 4–24 µg · mL^?1 and 0.1–16 µg · mL^?1 using DC_t and DPP modes, respectively, with minimum limits of detection (LOD) of 0.15 µg · mL^?1 and 0.07 µg · mL^?1 using the DC_t and DDP modes, respectively. The diffusion‐current constant (I _d) was 6.63±0.03 (n=5). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the studied compound both in pure form and in formulations. The mean percentage recoveries in tablets were 100.09±1.18 and 100.85±0.88 (n=5) using DC_t and DPP modes, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method, adopting the DPP mode, was applied to the determination of rosiglitazone in spiked human plasma and the obtained mean percentage recoveries were 99.14±3.29 (n=4).     

Determination of Gold(III) by Simplified Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Extraction with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A new simplified extraction of gold(III) using a room-temperature ionic liquid prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been developed. The extraction method uses 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate without a chelating agent. The parameters of the extraction system were investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, a linear range of 0.19 to 38.20 µg · mL^?1, a limit of detection of 0.072 µg · mL^?1, an enrichment factor of 10.0, and an extraction capacity of 6.6 mg · g^?1 were obtained. The extraction mechanism and the selectivity of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate for gold(III) were also investigated. The method was applied for the determination of gold(III) in water samples with satisfactory results.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Gold in Water and Ore with 2‐Carboxyl‐1‐Naphthalthiorhodanine

Abstract

This paper reports on the synthesis of a new chromogenic reagent, 2‐carboxyl‐1‐naphthalthiorhodanine (CNTR). A high sensitive, selective, and rapid method for the determination of gold based on the rapid reaction of gold with CNTR and the solid phase extraction of the colored chelate with a reversed phase polymer‐based C₁₈ cartridge was developed. In the presence of 0.05–0.5 mol L^?1 of phosphoric acid solution and emulsifier‐OP medium, CNTR reacts with gold to form a red chelate of a molar ratio 1∶3 (gold to CNTR). This chelate was enriched by the solid phase extraction with a polymer‐based C₁₈ cartridge and the retained chelate was eluted from the cartridge with dimethyl formamide (DMF). The enrichment factor of 100 was achieved. In the DMF medium, the molar absorptivity of the chelate is 1.35×10⁵ L · mol^?1 · cm^?1 at 540 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0.01～2 µg mL^?1 in the measured solution. The relative standard deviation for 11 replicates sample of 0.5 µg L^?1 level is 2.05%. The detection limit, based on three times the standard deviation is 0.02 µg L^?1 in the original sample. This method was applied to the determination of gold in water and ore with good results.     

Microcalorimetric Investigation of Influence of Fungicide SYP-L190 on Growth Metabolism of Tetrahyrnena therrnophila and Bacillus thuringiensis

Flumorph (SYP‐L190) is a new systemic fungicide with good protective, curative and antisporulant activities but no phytotoxicity to certain plants. Its performance on the environmental ecosystem is unknown. Tetrahymena thermophila and Bacillus thuringiensis are two of biological indicators for the aquatic and soil environmental ecosystem respectively. Microcalorimetric technique based on the heat output was applied to evaluate the influence of fungicide flumorph (SYP‐L190) on the two microorganisms. The thermogenic curves and corresponding thermodynamic and thermokinetic parameters were obtained. SYP‐L190 at a concentration of 50–100 µg·mL^?1 had 5% –10% inhibitory ratios aganist Tetrahymena thermophila and was used as a protection reagent, while at a concentration of 100–200 µg·mL^?1 SYP‐L190 had 10% –20% inhibitory ratios and was used as a therapy reagent. The metabolic thermogenic curves of Bacillus thuringiensis contained bacterial growth phase and sporulation phase. The SYP‐L190 at a concentration of 0–200 µg·mL^?1 had no influence on bacterial growth phase, but led to a little lag of the sporulation phase with a constant heat output. Hormesis was obviously observed in present study.     

钯（II）-克林霉素-卤代荧光素体系的共振瑞丽散射光谱及其分析应用

在pH为5.0-5.4的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,克林霉素（Clin）与钯(Ⅱ)形成螯合阳离子,它能进一步与二碘荧光素（DIF）,赤藓红（Ery）,曙红Y（EY）等卤代荧光素类染料反应形成1：1：1的三元离子缔合物,此时将引起吸收光谱变化和荧光猝灭,同时还导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱,钯(Ⅱ)-克林霉素与DIF,Ery和EY形成产物的最大散射波长分别位于285,287,32 1nm处,另外还有些较弱的散射峰存在。散射增强（ΔI）与克林霉素浓度在一定范围内成正比,可用于克林霉素的定量测定。对于DIF,Ery和EY体系的线性范围和检出限分别为0.025-2.1μg•mL-1和7.8 ng•mL-1,0.053-2.4μg•mL-1和16.0 ng•mL-1;以及0.038-2.4μg•mL-1和11.0 ng•mL-1。本文研究了适宜的反应条件,考察了共存物质的影响,表明方法有较好的选择性,基于三元离子缔合物的RRS光谱,发展了一种高灵敏、简便快速测定克林霉素的新方法。文中还对离子缔合物的组成,结构和反应机理,以及离子缔合物对吸收,荧光和RRS光谱的影响进行了讨论。     

Indirect Simultaneous Kinetic Determination of L‐Cysteine and Homocysteine by ANNs

Abstract

Simultaneous determination of cysteine and homocysteine in binary mixtures was performed by application of neural networks on the spectral kinetic data. This method is based on the complexation of bivalent iron with 2,2′–bipyridin (bipy). Iron(III) is quantitatively reduced to iron(II) with cysteine and homocysteine in the presence of 2,2′–bipyridin producing iron(II)–bipy complex (λmax=522 nm), and it can be used as a visible spectrophotometric signal for indirect simultaneous determination of the cysteine and homocysteine concentrations. On the basis of the difference in the rate between the two reactions, these two amino acids can be determined simultaneously using principal component‐artificial neural networks (PC‐ANN). The parameters controlling behavior of the system were investigated and optimum conditions selected. Determinations were made over the concentration range 0.10–5.50 µg · mL^?1 of cysteine and 0.1–5.00 µg · mL^?1 of homocysteine. Applying this method satisfactorily to simultaneous determination of these amino acids with total relative standard error less than 5% validated the proposed method.