盐酸考尼伐坦关键中间体N-甲苯磺酰基苯并氮杂卓-5-酮合成工艺的改进

以对甲苯磺酰氯和邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,通过酰胺化、酰亚胺和卤代烃的缩合、克曼环化及水解脱羧等反应,合成盐酸考尼伐坦关键中间体N-甲苯磺酰基苯并氮杂卓-5-酮。 在合成过程中,分别减少了有毒溶剂吡啶的用量,用叔丁醇钾代替怕水易爆的氢化钠,用容易购买回收的2-甲基四氢呋喃代替丁酮为溶剂,目标化合物的总收率由55%提高至63%,纯度达到99%以上。 所得化合物经熔点、核磁共振氢谱等得到确认。 该工艺显著地提高了中间体的产量及质量,因而提高了盐酸考尼伐坦的产率。     

盐酸考尼伐坦关键中间体N-甲苯磺酰基苯并氮杂卓-5-酮合成工艺的改进

以对甲苯磺酰氯和邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,通过酰胺化、酰亚胺和卤代烃的缩合、克曼环化及水解脱羧等反应,合成盐酸考尼伐坦关键中间体N-甲苯磺酰基苯并氮杂卓-5-酮。在合成过程中,分别减少了有毒溶剂吡啶的用量,用叔丁醇钾代替怕水易爆的氢化钠,用容易购买回收的2-甲基四氢呋喃代替丁酮为溶剂,目标化合物的总收率由55%提高至63%,纯度达到99%以上。所得化合物经熔点、核磁共振氢谱等得到确认。该工艺显著地提高了中间体的产量及质量,因而提高了盐酸考尼伐坦的产率。     

2,3,4,5-四氢-1,5-甲桥-1H-3-苯并氮杂的合成

以1,4-二氢-1,4-甲桥萘为起始原料,经臭氧化、还原性胺化及还原反应合成了新型戒烟药伐仑克林的重要中间体2,3,4,5-四氢-1,5-甲桥-1H-3-苯并氮杂,其结构经1HNMR和MS确证。     

2,3,4,5-四氢-1,5-甲桥-1H-3-苯并氮杂(艹卓)的合成

以1,4-二氢-1,4-甲桥萘为起始原料,经臭氧化、还原性胺化及还原反应合成了新型戒烟药伐仑克林的重要中间体2,3,4,5-四氢-1,5-甲桥-1H-3-苯并氮杂(艹卓),其结构经1H NMR和MS确证.     

盐酸普拉克索关键中间体的合成

以1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸-8-酮(2)为起始原料,经三甲基硅烯醚化、碘代反应、酸化后所得的产物,与硫脲发生环合、水解后制得2-氨基-6-氧代-4,5,6,7-氢苯并[1,2-d]噻唑(5,经氨化还原反应合成了2,6-二氨基-4,5,6,7-四氢苯并[1,2-d]噻唑(6)。5和6两种关键中间体的总收率分别为86%和71%,其结构经MS、¹H NMR和¹³C NMR确证,探索了合成盐酸普拉克索的两种关键中间体方法和工艺的影响因素。     

苯嘧磺草胺的新合成方法

设计并完成苯嘧磺草胺及其关键中间体的合成工艺路线,使其具备工业化生产潜力。采用氯磺酰异氰酸酯、叔丁醇、N-甲基-N-异丙基胺等作为起始原料,制备了关键中间体N-甲基-N-异丙基氨基磺酰胺,3步反应总收率~75%;采用2-氯-4-氟苯甲酸为原料,经过硝化、酰氯化、缩合、催化氢化还原、氨酯交换、甲基化反应制备了苯嘧磺草胺。共计8步反应制备得到苯嘧磺草胺,总收率为48.6%,纯度98.6%,产物与中间体经NMR、MS等进行了表征。     

特拉匹韦关键中间体{(1S,3AR,6AS)-八氢环戊并[c]吡咯-1-羧酸}的合成

设计了一条合成特拉匹韦重要中间体(1S,3AR,6AS)-八氢环戊并[c]吡咯-1-羧酸(8)的新路线。以4-甲基-5-咪唑基乙醇为原料,经N-烃化、串联加成环化、羰基还原、氨基保护和酯水解等8步反应合成8,总收率24.7%,其结构经1H NMR和MS确证。     

苯嘧磺草胺的新合成方法

设计并完成苯嘧磺草胺及其关键中间体的合成工艺路线,使其具备工业化生产潜力。采用氯磺酰异氰酸酯、叔丁醇、N-异丙基甲胺等作为起始原料,制备了关键中间体N-甲基-N-异丙基氨基磺酰胺,3步反应总收率约75%。再以2-氯-4-氟苯甲酸为原料,经过硝化、酰氯化、缩合、催化氢化还原、氨酯交换、甲基化反应制备了苯嘧磺草胺。8步反应的总收率为48. 6%,纯度98. 6%,产物与中间体经NMR、MS等确证。     

5,7-二甲氧基-4-甲基苯酞和5,7-二羟基-4-甲基苯酞的新合成方法

以3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醇为起始原料, 经过五步反应, 合成了5,7-二甲氧基-4-甲基苯酞和5,7-二羟基-4-甲基苯酞这两个用于合成霉酚酸的重要中间体, 产率分别达到80%和72%. 6-氯甲基-2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛经过亚氯酸钠氧化成酸的同时发生内酯化反应生成5,7-二甲氧基苯酞是最关键的一步.     

利伐沙班合成工艺研究

改进利伐沙班关键中间体4-(4-氨基苯基)-3-吗琳酮和(S)-N-环氧丙基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成并用于合成利伐沙班的方法,所得目标产物经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证,总收率达到16.4%。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

NiY分子筛表面酸性影响其选择性吸附脱硫性能的机理研究

采用原位红外光谱技术,以噻吩、环己烯和苯为模型探针分子,分别考察单一烃分子在NiY分子筛上的吸附与反应行为以及噻吩与烯烃、芳烃间的竞争吸附和催化反应行为。单一探针分子吸附研究发现,NiY分子筛中与Ni物种相关的Lewis(L)酸位是噻吩的选择性吸附活性位;噻吩和环己烯在NiY分子筛中Brnsted(B)酸位上发生的质子化和低聚反应明显弱于HY分子筛。双探针分子竞争吸附研究发现,环己烯二聚体在NiY中强B酸位上的强化学吸附与噻吩存在显著的竞争吸附行为。另外,苯和噻吩在NiY上的竞争吸附现象在373K时明显减弱。由此,在选择性吸附脱硫过程中,减少吸附剂表面B酸中心可降低烯烃对噻吩的竞争吸附,另外适当提高吸附体系的温度可以有效避免芳烃对噻吩的竞争吸附。     

化学单元教学设计的探索

论述了单元教学是落实化学新课程三维目标的基本教学过程,同时对教学单元的含义、教学单元的选择与建构、化学单元教学设计及其意义进行了阐述。