硫酸氢钠催化合成丁酸异戊酯

丁酸异戊酯有类似梨的水果香气 ,广泛应用于溶剂、日用香精和食用香精中[1,2 ] .目前 ,工业上主要采用硫酸催化丁酸和异戊醇酯化法来合成[3] ,为克服硫酸催化法的缺点 ,改善合成环境 ,人们曾研究过采用结晶氯化铁、超强酸及杂多酸等催化合成丁酸异戊酯[4～ 6] ,然而结晶氯化铁很易吸潮、难于保管和准确使用 ,超强酸和杂多酸需要制备 ,成本较高 .本文选用的硫酸氢钠 (ＮａＨＳＯ4 ·Ｈ2 Ｏ)是一种价廉易得的无机酸性晶体 ,易保管且使用方便 ,催化效果好 ,同时它又不溶于有机反应体系 ,具有一定的重复使用性能 ,至今未见用ＮａＨＳＯ4 ·Ｈ2 …     

新型高效乙酸丁酯合成固体酸催化剂及其反应工艺

酯化反应是精细化学工业中极为重要的一类反应 ,目前工业上均在硫酸液相催化下直接酯化制取。硫酸腐蚀反应器 ,污染环境 ,随着环保法规的不断完善 ,开发可替代硫酸的新型催化体系已成为现代化学工业中普遍关注的新趋势。目前的研究工作主要集中在以固体酸 (尤其是 SO2 - 4/Mx Oy 型固体酸 )替代硫酸催化酯化反应 [1～ 8]。我们制得了一种新型 SO2 - 4/Fe2 O3- Zr O2 - Si O2 催化剂[9] ,该催化剂催化乙酸 /丁醇酯化反应表现出良好的转化率、选择性、酯收率。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂加入量等对乙酸 /丁醇酯化反应的影响 ,并考…     

固体超强酸SO4^2—／TiO2 催化合成异戊酸异戊酯

异戊酸异戊酯是ＧＢ2 760 - 86规定为允许使用的食用香料 ,也可微量用于化妆品、皂用香精中[1] 。异戊酸异戊酯传统合成方法为硫酸催化下由异戊酸与异戊醇直接酯化反应制得[2 ] ,由于浓硫酸易使有机物炭化、氧化 ,故副反应多、酯产物色泽深、产率受影响的诸多缺点 ,因此 ,有人开发了由异戊醇一步法合成异戊酸异戊酯的方法[3～ 5] ,但异戊酸异戊酯的收率不高 ,仅为 5 8～70 .6%。本文采用更换酯化反应催化剂的方法 ,以ＳＯ2 -4 ＴｉＯ2 固体超强酸作为催化剂 ,对异戊酸异戊酯的合成进行了研究。1　实验1 1　ＳＯ2 -4 ＴｉＯ2 固体超强酸的制…     

硫酸氢钠催化合成羧酸环己酯

硫酸氢钠能够代替硫酸作为酯化作用的催化剂。研究了一水硫酸氢钠催化合成丙酸环己酯的反应条件。当 mol羧酸 ∶mol环己醇 ∶ mol硫酸氢钠 =2 .3∶ 1∶ 0 .0 7,以环己烷为溶剂 ,合成了甲酸环己酯、乙酸环己酯、丙酸环己酯和丁酸环己酯 ,收率为 77.9%～ 89.0 %     

硫酸氢钠催化合成羧酸环已酯

硫酸氢钠能够代替硫酸作为酯化作用的催化剂。研究了一水硫酸氢钠催化丙酸环已酯的反应条件。当mol羧酸：mol环已醇:mol硫酸氢钠=2.3:0.07,以环已烷为溶剂,合成了甲酸环已酯,乙酸环已酯、丙酸环已酯和丁酸环已酯,疏经为77.9%-89.0%。     

固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2催化合成异戊酸异戊酯

异戊酸异戊酯是GB2760-86规定为允许使用的食用香料,也可微量用于化妆品、皂用香精中[1].异戊酸异戊酯传统合成方法为硫酸催化下由异戊酸与异戊醇直接酯化反应制得[2],由于浓硫酸易使有机物炭化、氧化,故副反应多、酯产物色泽深、产率受影响的诸多缺点,因此,有人开发了由异戊醇一步法合成异戊酸异戊酯的方法[3～5],但异戊酸异戊酯的收率不高,仅为58～70.6%.本文采用更换酯化反应催化剂的方法,以SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸作为催化剂,对异戊酸异戊酯的合成进行了研究.     

用浓H2SO4-K2Cr2O7改性煤基活性炭催化合成乙酸正丁酯

乙酸正丁酯是一种重要的化工原料,也可广泛应用于食品工业、医药工业中作香料、溶剂等。它的传统合成方法是在硫酸催化下,冰乙酸和正丁醇进行酯化制得,但此法有很多公认的缺点[1,2]。近年来人们不断探索新型催化剂来代替硫酸,国内外研究较多的催化剂有无机盐[3,4]、固体酸[5-7]     

氯化铁催化合成癸二酸二丁酯的研究

癸二酸二丁酯是无色透明的液体,具有水果香味和淡的油脂气味,它可作主增塑剂和一些树脂和橡胶的溶剂,由于本品无毒,在食品工业上可用于食品接触的包装材料,也可用于配置水果香精.它通常是在硫酸作催化剂的条件下由癸二酸和正丁醇酯化反应而得[2] ,但硫酸腐蚀性很强,化学性质很活泼,反应中副反应较多,且后处理复杂,收率不高.因此国内外许多化学工作者都在探索用更佳的催化剂取代硫酸.俞善信等发现氯化铁(FeCl3·6H2O)是催化合成低级脂肪酸酯的良好催化剂[3,4],它具有原料易得,酯化活性高,操作方便,后处理简单,腐蚀性低等优点.本文采用氯化铁作催化剂合成癸二酸二丁酯,讨论了影响反应的因素,在适当的条件下酸的转化率可达96.73%.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成乙酸β-萘酯

乙酸 β-萘酯可用做评价酯酶、或模拟酯酶活性的底物 [1,2 ] ,此类化合物可用乙酰氯在胺的作用下与酚反应制得 ,但用有机胺溶剂时后处理不方便 [3] .浓硫酸催化酸或酸酐与醇 (酚 )反应也可制得乙酸酯 ,但该法对设备腐蚀大 ,且反应体系为均相 ,存在催化剂和产物的分离问题 .近年来 ,人们开发了各种取代浓硫酸的催化剂 ,其中多相催化剂特别引人注目 [4 ] .本文考察了硫酸氢钠催化乙酸 β-萘酯的合成 ,发现其是有效的多相酯化催化剂 ,该法基本具备绿色化学的要求 .尚未见有文献报道 .醋酸酐、β-萘酚、Na HSO4 ·H2 O均为分析纯 .Na HSO4 …     

硫酸氢钠催化合成羧酸烯丙酯

硫酸氢钠能够代替硫酸作为酯化催化剂。利用－水硫酸氢钠催化合成了甲酸烯丙酯、乙酸烯丙酯、丙酸烯丙酯、丁酸烯丙酯和戊酸烯丙酯,产物用折射率、元素分析和红外光谱表征。研究了硫酸氢钠用量对丙酸烯丙酯收率的影响。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.