依据课程标准和高考大纲确定化学教学目标的研究

部分教师的教学目标存在随意性和盲目性,把“课标”或“考纲”简单直接当成教学目标,教学目标陈述时主体错位,对“课标”或“考纲”中“内容标准”细化不够,缺乏操作性。解决教学目标不规范的做法是以“课标”和“考纲”确定目标,将“课标”和“考纲”分解并进行教学目标确定、叙写。注意“课标”在不同教材的呈现,注意“考纲”在不同地方高考的呈现特点,切实提高教学的有效性。     

人教版化学必修教材中英文教学资源的分析与应用建议*

化学教材作为最重要的化学教学资源之一,其中丰富的英文资源潜藏着重要价值,合理应用教材中英文教学资源,在提升化学教师的专业能力、推动学生思维发展、培养学生人文精神等方面都具有积极意义。梳理新人教版高中化学必修1和必修2中的英文教学资源,将其归纳概括为3大类:与基本概念和原理相关的英文教学资源、化学物质名词英文教学资源和常见的化学元素英文教学资源。对3类英文教学资源的内容及特质进行列举分析,同时对其应用进行探讨,提出相关建议。     

称重传感器的工作原理及故障检测

介绍柱形电阻应变式称重传感器的结构和工作原理，列举了柱形电阻应变式称重传感器故障引起的电子秤系统故障现象，给出了判断柱形电阻应变式称重传感器输入端和输出端及故障的检测方法。     

《天工开物》在化学课堂中的应用*

分析了传统文化进入化学课堂的可能性和必要性,对《天工开物》与高中化学契合的内容进行整理,列举其在化学课堂导入、工艺流程教学及试题编制等方面的应用并运用于实践,并就如何促进传统文化更好地应用于化学课堂提出建议。     

如何提高学生学习无机化学的兴趣

提高无机化学课程教学质量的首要任务是提高学生的课堂学习兴趣。本文列举了部分与无机化学理论知识相关的生活现象和科学研究进展,并对相关教学内容的教学方法进行了介绍。通过这些内容的引入可以在不增加课时的前提下有效提高学生的学习兴趣,增强教学效果。实践证明,该教学方法具有较高的实用性和推广价值。     

氧化还原滴定的理论公式

本文提出了氧化还原滴定理论处理的一般模型，导出了化学计量点电位计算通式和终点误差的计算通式，给出了滴定突跃范围及指定误差要求时终点电位允许变动范围的一般计算方法。本处理方法推导过程严谨、系统而简明，优于现有文献及专著的报道。     

化学奥林匹克竞赛中的周环反应

将2016—2021年高中化学竞赛中与周环反应相关的试题分为环加成反应、电环化反应、σ迁移反应和ene反应等4类,分析了试题并给出了解题思路,总结了化学竞赛对周环反应的考查趋势,并对今后化学竞赛中周环反应的教学提出相关建议。     

电子亲和能周期性浅议

在列举电子亲和能文献数据的基础上,对数据的可靠性进行了讨论,给出原子的电子亲和能随原子序数周期性变化的新图示,并且对某些异常的数据作了解释.     

化学教学中学生假设能力的培养

在化学教学过程中学生提出假设,是探究式学习的核心要素。通过对学生的问卷调查分析得出学生假设能力较弱的事实,提出假设产生有其自身的逻辑机制和具体的思维过程;列举了化学教学中运用假设的常见形式有类比式、归纳式、演绎式、分类式和模型假设,并给出了培养学生假设能力的策略。     

调制差示扫描量热法研究玻璃化转变温度

对比了DSC与MDSC试验技术的差别， 列举了MDSC的优点，MDSC不但可以给出普通DSC的所有信息，而且给出更多的普通DSC无法提供的信息。MDSC特别适合于复杂转变、弱的转变分析，可以寻找出隐藏在熔融及结晶过程中的玻璃化转变。MDSC对于试验条件的选择比较苛刻，在选择好基本的试验参数的前提下，还需要设置调制周期、调制振幅等参数。     

充满生机和科学机遇的磷化学研究所

简要地综述了第十五届国际磷化学会议的报告内容，介绍了目前磷化学的主要 研究领域，包括不对称合成、配合化学，生物碱化学，药物化学，农业化学等相关 领域的研究动态及新进展。     

Biologically inspired 3Fe4S cluster as structural mimics of FeMoco M-cluster

A 3Fe4S cluster related to M-cluster of Mo-nitrogenase is reported. [K(THF)₅][Fe₃(μ-bdt)₂(μ-PPh₂)(CO)₅] ( 1 ) is synthesized from photo-assisted structural rearrangement of [K(THF)₂][(μ,κ²-bdt)Fe₂(μ-PPh₂)(CO)₅] under visible light irradiation. The molecular structure of 1 consists of a Fe₃ core bearing one dithiolate bridge and the second dithiolate group capping onto the metallic plane. The structural motif of 1 is analogous to that of Mo-participated 3Fe4S unit in M-cluster of Mo-nitrogenase, with the similar Fe-Fe and Fe-S bond distances. Upon protonation in 193 K, a Fe-hydride species ( 1H ) is generated and characterized to possess the bridging hydride group (δ = −12.57 ppm) by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculation. In CH₃CN solution, complex 1 exhibits a reversible reduction and oxidation process at $E_{1/2}^{\mathrm{red}}$ = −1.94 V and $E_{1/2}^{\mathrm{ox}}$ = −0.18 V, respectively, at 273 K. The reduction behavior of 1 in CH₂Cl₂ solution at 243 K displays a slight modification in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, revealing a moderate anodic potential shift (~50 mV). The current amplitude of the reduction wave is linearly increased with the increasement of acid added, indicative of the catalytic event.     

Dual zinc catalysts for L‐lactide polymerization and reaction of CO2 with cyclohexene oxide

A series of zinc complexes, [ L ^X ZnEt] ( 1–5 ) and [ L ^X Zn ₂ (OAc) ₃ ] (6–9) , associated with NNO‐tridentate Schiff base ligands (2‐(((2‐((cyclohexyl[methyl]amino)methyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolate (CAP) derivatives), were synthesized, and their activity toward ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L‐lactide (LA) and the reaction of CO₂ with cyclohexene oxide were also investigated. All of [ L ^X ZnEt] revealed excellent catalytic activity to ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of LA in the presence of benzyl alcohol. Among them, [ L ^H ZnEt] (1) showed the highest activity with 82% conversation within 45 s. In contrast, [L ^X Zn ₂ (OAc) ₃ ] (6–9) were inactive in ROP of L‐lactide. In addition, all of these Zn complexes demonstrated moderate activity in the reaction of CO₂ with cyclohexene oxide in the presence of Bu₄NCl.     

环戊二烯类有机金属含硫族化学的新进展

本文系统地综述了环戊二烯类有机过渡金属含硫族(S, Se, Te) 化学领域的研究现状和进展。参考文献136 篇。     

The Chemistry of Protactinium

Protactinium exhibits an ambivalent chemical behavior. In non-aqueous solutions and in the solid state, both quadrivalent and quinquevalent protactinium has properties which characterize it as a typical actinide element. On the other hand, investigations in aqueous solution show quinquevalent protactinium to be a homologue of niobium and tantalum. It exhibits – except in hydrofluoric acid solutions – a marked tendency to undergo irreversible hydrolysis and condensation reactions, which leads to the situation that tracer amounts (ca. 10^?12 mole/l) and macroscopic amounts (10^?3–10^?6 mole/l) of protactinium often behave differently. Reduction with strong reducing agents gives aqueous solutions of Pa(IV), the properties of which again correspond in general to those of Th(IV) and show no relation to Nb(IV). Our knowledge of the chemical behavior of this rare radioelement has been advanced, in particular, by the production in 1958–1960 of 100 g of pure protactinium – the largest amount so far – from residues of the British production of uranium.     

化学学科的新视角及其在化学教育中的反映

传统化学以研究变化,关注变化前后的结果而著称。化学与其他学科,特别是生命科学的相互渗透使得化学的动态特征更加突出,化学学科格局也因之发生了变化。因此,化学需要新认识。     

有机化学进展(2011~2012)

本文综述了中国大陆地区有机化学研究人员2011至2012年两年内在合成方法学、有机合成化学、元素有机化学以及天然产物化学等领域获得的重要成果。文章中共引用参考文献355篇,其中110多篇手性金属配合物和有机小分子催化的不对称反应、金属催化的碳氢键活化等合成方法学论文和30余篇氟有机化学论文基本来源于德国《应用化学》(国际版)和《美国化学杂志》。本文汇集了中国有机化学家两年中合成的150多个具有生物活性和化学结构多样性的天然产物,其中不乏具有高度挑战性的复杂天然分子。在近两年中中国有机化学家从陆地和海洋的生物体内发现各种不同类型新天然产物90多个。     

绿色分析化学技术进展

绿色分析化学技术是国际分析化学的前沿,受到广泛关注.绿色分析化学是把绿色化学的原理使用在新的分析方法和技术方面.目前的研究主要集中在环境友好的样品前处理技术(如微波消解、微波萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、超临界流体萃取等)和绿色分析测试技术(如X射线荧光分析法、近红外技术、毛细管电泳、顶空气相色谱等).文章对上述内容进行了综述.     

Novel arylpyridine‐based 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles: Synthesis,antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory evaluation

In view of developing novel bioactive compounds, a series of 2‐(5‐[2‐methyl‐6‐arylpyridin‐3‐yl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐ylthio)‐1‐arylethanones (6a–n) were designed and synthesized in good yield. Novel compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities. All synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bascillus subtilis, Eschericia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Compounds 6a , 6b , 6c , 6h , and 6i displayed the highest antibacterial activity with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25–12.5 μg/mL in comparison with the standard Ciprofloxacin. The results of anti‐inflammatory activity of carrageenan‐induced footpad edema assay indicated that tested compounds exhibited remarkable anti‐inflammatory activity with percentage of inhibition of 63.9–70.1% (potency 96.8–106.20% of indomethacin activity) after 3 hr. Particularly, 6c – e and 6j – l were found to be excellent inhibitors of inflammation, with potential higher than that of the standard, Indomethacin.