高氮含能配合物M(ATZ)(bpy)m·nH2O液相生成反应的热动力学

合成了6种固态高氮含能配合物M(ATZ)(bpy)m·nH2O((1)M=Mn,m=2,n=3;(2)M=Co,m=2,n=7;(3)M=Ni,m=2,n=0;(4)M=Cu,m:1,n=0;(5)M=Pb,m=1,/7,=3;(6)M=Zn,m=1,n=1;ATZ=5,5'-偶氮四唑,bpy=2,2'-联吡啶).对它们的结构和性能进行了表征.用RD496-CK2000微热量计测定了298.15 K下各配合物的液相生成反应焓变分别为:△rHc(1)=241.245 4-0.060 kJ/mol,△rHθ≠(2)=-256.875±0.050 kJ/tool,△rHθm.(3)=-265.172±0.038 kJ/mol,△rHθm:(4)=-236.538±0.038 kJ/tool,△rθm(5)=-249.698±0.038 kJ/mol,△rθm(6)=-185.072±0.048 kJ/tool.通过试验测定得到的所有液相反应的△rθm均为负值,有利于目标物生成;并改变反应温度,研究了它们的液相生成反应的热动力学.改变温度研究了液相生成反应的热动力学,利用反应热化学数据和动力学方程结合热动力学实验数据计算了活化焓(△Hθ≠)、活化熵(△Sθ≠)、活化自由能(△Gθ≠)、表观反应速率常数(k)、表观活化能(E)、指前常数(A)和反应级数(N).     

四元交互体系Li~ ,Na~ //CO_3~(2-),B_4O_7~(2-)-H_2O 298K相关系的理论预测及实验研究

采用三元体系的溶解度数据 ,运用多元线性回归法拟合了 Li2 CO3(a) ,Na2 CO3(b) ,Li2 B4O7(c)的单盐参数、溶解平衡常数及有关的混合离子作用参数 .它们的值分别为 :β(0 )a =-1 .2 3 5 5 ,β(1)a =-2 .65 46,Ca=-0 .0 0 4660 7,β(0 )b =-3 .0 3 0 6,β(1)b =-3 .0 2 3 8,Cb=-0 .2 90 89,β(0 )c =-0 .2 93 0 4,β(1)c =2 .1 5 5 6,Cc=-0 .0 0 42 5 60 ,θL i,Na=1 .0 41 8,θB,C=-2 .63 0 5 ,ΨL i,Na,C=-0 .0 63 91 ,ΨL i,Na,B=0 .493 5 6,ΨL i,B,C=-0 .47842 ,ΨNa,B,C=0 .3 0 61 6,ln K(Li2 CO3) =-8.962 9,ln K(Na2 CO3· 1 0 H2 O) =3 .0 64 6,ln K(Li2 B4O7·3 H2 O) =-7.3 5 66,ln K(Na2 B4O7· 1 0 H2 O) =-7.4778.以盐的溶解平衡常数为判据 ,运用 Pitzer方程计算了四元体系 Li ,Na //CO2 -3,B4O2 -7-H2 O 2 98K时的溶解度 ,并采用等温溶解平衡法 ,对该体系 2 98K时溶解度进行了实验测定 ,同计算值相比 ,二者基本吻合     

用结构信息自相关拓扑指数预测环烷烃的折光指数

原子特征值(βi)被定义为βi=(ni-1)(Xi/Xc)0.5·(ni—1)·mi-(mi/mc)0.5·hi。由βi构建结构信息自相关拓扑指数tF的公式为:tF=Σ(βi·βj)0.5。它们与74种环烷烃的折光指数(nD)的二元回归方程为:nD=-8.09900F-1.5+5.75371F-1.5+1.4741。环烷烃折光指数的计算值与实验值一致,平均误差为0.46%。     

高氮含能配合物M（ATZ）（bpy）m·nH2O液相生成反应的热动力学

合成了6种固态高氮含能配合物M（ATZ）（bpy）m·nH2O（（1）M=Mn,m=2,n=3;（2）M=Co,m=2,n=7;（3）M=Ni,m=2,n=0;（4）M=Cu,m=1,n=0;（5）M=Pb,m=1,n=3;（6）M=Zn,m=1,n=1;ATZ=5,5′-偶氮四唑,bpy=2,2′-联吡啶）。对它们的结构和性能进行了表征。用RD496-CK2000微热量计测定了298.15 K下各配合物的液相生成反应焓变分别为：ΔrHm^θ（1）=241.245±0.060 kJ/mol,ΔrHm^θ（2）=-256.875±0.050 kJ/mol,ΔrHm^θ（3）=-265.172±0.038 kJ/mol,ΔrHm^θ（4）=-236.538±0.038 kJ/mol,ΔrH^θm（5）=-249.698±0.038 kJ/mol,ΔrHm^θ（6）=-185.072±0.048 kJ/mol。通过试验测定得到的所有液相反应的ΔrHm^θ均为负值,有利于目标物生成;并改变反应温度,研究了它们的液相生成反应的热动力学。改变温度研究了液相生成反应的热动力学,利用反应热化学数据和动力学方程结合热动力学实验数据计算了活化焓（ΔH≠^θ）、活化熵（ΔS≠^θ）、活化自由能（ΔG≠^θ）、表观反应速率常数（k）、表观活化能（E）、指前常数（A）和反应级数（n）。     

一种精密恒温环境微量燃烧-溶解-反应多用量热计的设计及应用

将SRC-100型溶解-反应量热计改进成了一种精密恒温环境微量燃烧-溶解-反应多用量热计。采用电能法标定了量热计的能当量,其值为Ccalor=(987.63±0.61)J×K~(-1)。用该量热计分别测定了苯甲酸和丁二酸的标准质量燃烧热,分别为ΔcU~θ_(m,B)(cr,T=298.15 K)=-(26425.99±10.70)J?g~(-1)和Δ_cU~θ_(m,S)(cr,T=298.15 K)=-(12621.97±5.30)J?g~(-1)。测量的不确定度小于0.04%,精度高于0.05%。     

三类引发剂引发苯乙烯聚合特性的比较研究和理论分析

用膨胀计法分别测定了氮 氮键引发剂偶氮二异丁腈 (AIBN)、氧 氧键引发剂过氧化二苯甲酰 (BPO)、碳 碳键引发剂 2 ,3 二氰基 2 ,3 二苯基丁二酸二乙酯的内消旋体 (I)和外消旋体 (II)在苯乙烯中的分解动力学参数 ,分解活化能分别为 :Ed(AIBN) =1 40 0 6kJ·mol-1,Ed(BPO) =1 2 0 3 3kJ·mol-1,Ed(I) =1 0 4 5 2kJ·mol-1,Ed(II) =89 5 6kJ·mol-1;分解活化熵分别为 :ΔS≠(AIBN) =76 3 2J·mol-1·K-1,ΔS≠(BPO) =1 2 76J·mol-1·K-1,ΔS≠(I) =-3 5 2 3J·mol-1·K-1,ΔS≠(II) =-80 84J·mol-1·K-1,并且II的极限转化率α∞ 表现出随温度升高而升高 ,I的α∞ 随温度升高先减小而后趋于平稳的趋势 ,这与AIBN和BPO引发苯乙烯聚合的极限转化率α∞ 随温度的升高而降低的规律有明显不同。对此用动力学链长综合常数k对T的微分结果并结合过渡态理论进行了分析。     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵在N,N二甲基乙酰胺/长链醇体系中临界胶束浓度和热力学函数的微量量热法研究

用微量量热法测定了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在非水溶剂N,N二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)中,分别加入长链醇(正庚醇、正辛醇、正壬醇、正癸醇)体系的热功率一时间曲线,由测得的曲线上的数据得到了临界胶束浓度(CMC)和形成热(ΔHθm).根据热力学理论,计算了热力学函数(ΔGθm,ΔSθm),讨论了温度、醇中的碳原子数、醇的浓度与临界胶束浓度(CMC)和热力学函数之间的关系.结果表明:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的DMA溶液,在含有相同浓度的各种醇的体系中,CMC,ΔHθm和ΔSθm的值随着温度的升高而增加;而ΔGθm的值随着温度的升高而略有降低.在相同温度及相同浓度的醇体系中,CMC,ΔHθm,ΔGθm和ΔSθm的值都随着醇中碳原子数的增加而降低.在相同温度及相同醇的体系中,CMC和ΔGθm的值随着醇的浓度的增加而增加;而ΔHθm和ΔSθm的值随着醇的浓度的增加而减少.     

分子导体θ-(ET)(C7H7SO3)·3H2O的合成、结构和导电性

用恒电流电化学结晶的方法合成了一种新的基于电子给体BEDT-TTF(双亚乙基二硫四硫富瓦烯) 的电荷转移盐θ-(ET)(C7H7SO3)·3H2O (ET为BEDT-TTF的简写,C7H7SO-3=对甲苯磺酸根).用四圆X衍射的方法测定了θ-(ET)(C7H7SO3)·3H2O的结构.晶体属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群;a=0.8682(1) nm, b= 1.2027(1) nm, c=2.5890(3) nm, α=87.025(6)°, β=89.117(8)°, γ=69.071(7)°, V=2.5216(5) nm3, R=0.0580.晶体中ET自由基沿a轴方向堆积成柱,相邻两个分子柱中的ET分子平面的夹角为49.30°.在b轴方向存在着分子柱侧向间的S…S近距作用.ET阳离子层与对甲苯磺酸根阴离子层沿c轴方向上交替排列.位于阳离子层与阴离子层之间的许多H2O形成了有利于晶体导电性的二维氢键网络.θ-(ET)(C7H7SO3)·3H2O在(001)晶面上某方向上的室温导电率为0.011 S·cm-1,所测变温电导曲线表明,该晶体在120～278 K温度区间内表现为半导体导电行为,导电激活能Ea=0.316 eV.从278～286 K表现为金属导电性.在276 K附近存在金属-半导体相变.     

用均根拓扑指数与路径数预测链烷烃的沸点和热力学性质

以距离矩阵为基础，建构调和均根拓扑指数（K），以表征链烷烃分子的大小 和分支情况，85种链烷烃的沸点(T_b)、标准生成焓(Δ_rH_m~θ)、标准熵(S_m~θ )、标准生成自由能(Δ_fG_m~θ)与K及路径数(P_2, P_3)的回归方程为: ln(793- T_b) = 6.48346-0.10092K + 0.00131P_2-0.01110P_3, R = 0.9996; -Δ_fH_m~θ = 62.664 + 25.331 K + 6.597 P_2 - 0.678 P_3, R = 0.9984; S_m~θ = 170. 691 + 67.425 K - 4.712P_2 + 5.251 P_3, R = 0.9989; Δ_fG_m~θ = -45.677 + 10.060 K + 0.555 P_2 + 2.342P_3, R = 0.9935。它们的计算值与相应实验值 都非常吻合。结果表明，K对链烷烃具有良好的结构选择性和性质相关性。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of （S）-Ethyl-2-（2-methoxy-phenylsulfenamido）-3-（1H-indol-3-yl）propanoate

With an aim to discover novel AHAS inhibitors,the title compound (S)-ethyl-2(2-methoxy-phenylsulfenamido)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate (C 21 H 22 N 2 O 4 S,M r=398.47) has been synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.The crystal belongs to orthorhombic,space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 with a=8.078(2),b=12.824(4),c=18.788(6),V=1946.2(10) 3,Z=4,F(000)=840,D c=1.360 mg/m 3,μ=0.197 mm-1,the final R=0.0433 and wR=0.1035 for 3075 observed reflections with I > 2σ(Ⅰ).The absolute structure Flack parameter X of this compound is 0.00(8).A total of 14375 reflections were collected,of which 3431 were independent (R int=0.0437).X-ray analysis reveals that the crystal structure involves two intermolecular N-H···O and one N-H···S intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the neighboring molecules.The crystal structure was compared with our previously reported (S)-methyl 2-(4-R-phenylsulfonamido)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate (R=H(1) and Cl(2)),which provided some useful information of these compounds.     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.     

液滴荧光传感与计算机联用技术在微量分析中的应用

通过在LS55型荧光-磷光-发光分光光度计上加装液滴产生及调节附件,采用计算机采集与分析处理数据,成功地研制了双通道液滴光化学传感装置.利用葡聚糖凝胶对复合维生素B中不同组分的选择性吸附来达到分离与同时检测的目的,并将其用于复合维生素B药片的分析,取得了满意的结果.     

On the scaling of the interface energy of the liquid clusters in the disordered nanoporous medium

Similarity of the extrusion curves of non-wetting liquid in a nanoporous medium with different initial fill volume fractions is observed experimentally. The similarity can be explained by the scaling of the interface energy and the self-similarity of the infinite percolation cluster of fluid-filled pores. Understanding the physical processes leading to the observed phenomena is a foundation for the development of high-performance devices for damping and energy storage on the basis of such heterogeneous systems.     

Using of the Agglomeration-in-liquid for the Technology of the Fine Materials

The content of the fine and ultrafine particles in the raw material results in difficulty of the separation, the loss of the valuable components and ecological contamination. Secondary using of the fine particles is impossible without their granulation. This problem has been solved by the agglomeration-in-liquid method.An agglomeration-in-liquid method is a process to produce agglomerates in a liquid phase from solid particles suspended in the liquid. The surface of solid particles and the binding liquid must be of identical polarity, but the continuous phase must be of the opposite polarity. The water solutions of the surfactant are the binding liquids or the organic liquids.     

光亮剂对银电沉积行为的影响

用电势阶跃法和旋转圆盘电极法 (RDE)以及SEM和XRD测试手段 ,初步研究了光亮剂对氰化体系中银电沉积行为的影响 .研究表明 ,光亮剂的加入并未导致银电沉积成核机理的改变 ,但显著增强了镀液的微观平整效应 ,并且所得镀层的表观光滑程度明显改善 .XRD测试亦同时表明光亮剂的加入并未改变镀层的择优取向     

Copper-containing dendromesogens: the influence of the metal on the mesomorphism

The synthesis and liquid crystalline behaviour of the first and second generations of a dendrimeric structure based on poly(propyleneimine)(DAB-dendr(NH₂)_x) are reported. 4-(4-n-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)salicylaldehydes are used as mesogenic moieties attached at the peripheral amino groups of the dendrimers giving rise to dendromesogens with four and eight mesogenic branches. From these dendromesogens, considered as organic ligands, were prepared six metal-containing dendrimers which incorporate two or four copper atoms in their structures. All the dendrimeric ligands and three of the metal-containing dendrimers exhibit liquid crystalline properties which were studied by optical microscopy, DSC, X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy.     

On the dependence of the critical supersaturation on the initial undersaturation in the reverse Wilson chamber

The dependence of the critical supersaturation on the degree of the initial undersaturation has been analyzed in detail.This dependence is explained by means of the Richarch-Powell equation, taking into account the dependence of the -ratio upon the partial pressures of the inert gas and the liquid under investigation.     

Behavior of the Surface Tension and the Viscosity in the Eutecticregion of the Liquid Feb alloy

Abstract

Thermodynamic and transport properties of pure liquid metals show interesting correlations near the melting temperature. This is well known for the case of the surface tension σ and the shear viscosity η In this paper we investigate the possible extension of these correlations to binary alloys, taking the FeB alloy as a case study. Based on literature data we analyze the variation of σ and η as a function of temperature and concentration in a deep eutectic region of the phase diagram of this alloy, as well as the possible correlations between those two quantities. Substantial differences with respect to the behavior in pure metals are found.