微穿孔板几何参数估算及其对吸声性能的影响

不规则孔微穿孔板几何参数无法直接获知,造成吸声性能计算困难,故提出一种微穿孔板几何参数估算方法。将不规则孔等效处理为圆孔,利用马氏理论关于圆孔微穿孔板的基本理论,建立了微穿孔板几何参数估算模型;将参数估算结果用于吸声性能预测,理论计算与实验结果吻合。根据微穿孔板几何参数对高吸声性能区域的影响,探讨了马氏理论适用极限与微穿孔板几何参数的关系,以及微穿孔板受粉尘污染后吸声性能演变规律。将微穿孔板参数点取在面积较大的高吸声性能区域中间部位,可获得较大的马氏理论适用极限;微穿孔板参数点位于高吸声性能区域右上部位时,一定程度的粉尘污染不会降低吸声性能.      

关于微穿孔板吸声体频带宽度极限的讨论

依据马大猷教授的微穿孔板吸声体准确理论,利用计算机辅助设计对于该结构频带宽度极限情况从理论上进行了讨论,把极限频宽和最大吸声系数的制约关系量化,并得到此情况下应用于低频或高频环境孔径的选用范围,以及此情况下板厚和穿孔率与传统观念不同的特点。以上分析结果以及所提供的结构参数为宽频带微穿孔板的具体设计提供有价值的参考。     

计及孔间相互作用的微穿孔板吸声特性研究

计算微穿孔板吸声系数时,假设孔间的相互作用可以忽略。计算具有不同直径微孔的穿孔板吸声系数并提高其计算精度,孔间的相互作用不能再忽略。在马大猷、Melling(梅尔林)等前人研究的基础上,根据声波辐射和传播原理,分析微孔之间的相互作用,通过修正微孔的实际等效长度,得到计及孔间相互作用微孔板吸声系数模型,并进行理论计算和实验测试。研究结果表明:影响微穿孔板吸声系数除结构参数外,还应考虑孔间的相互作用;计及微孔板各孔间相互作用,能提高共振频率、吸声系数理论值的计算精度,计算值逼近实验测试结果。     

高分子颗粒孔隙结构材料的吸声特性研究

在噪声控制与治理工程中，许多场合了消除由物体表面产生的反射声波，往往需要在物体表面敷设具有吸声性能的材料或结构，以吸收入射声波的声能，本文对一种新型的以高分子材料为基底的颗粒型微孔结构进行了吸声特性研究，首先对颗粒微孔结构的吸声机理进行分析，认为由于受材料自身化学性质与结构特征所决定，这种颗粒微孔结构除了具一般多孔吸声材料的空气粘滞阻力作用吸声外，还存在颗粒材料的内部的弹性弛豫效应吸声，因而吸怕系     

阻尼耦合双层微穿孔板吸声体研究

提出并研究一种利用两板间微缝进行阻尼耦合的双层微穿孔板(DMPP)吸声体。该吸声体在两层微穿孔板(MPP)之间形成一个宽度小于1mm的微缝,因此其阻尼不仅可由板上的微穿孔提供,还可由两板之间形成的微缝提供。采用声电类比法建立了DMPP转移阻抗的理论模型,并进行实验验证,结果表明理论计算结果与实验吻合较好。然后利用建立的理论模型,对单层MPP和DMPP吸声体的吸声性能进行了对比研究,结果表明,相比于单层MPP,DMPP可以利用微缝提供的阻尼显著改善吸声性能,同时减少实际板厚。最后,对DMPP吸声体的吸声性能及其几何参数的关系进行研究,结果表明,当保持其它结构参数不变时,微缝宽度对DMPP吸声系数的提高存在一个最优值,超过或低于此值会导致吸声系数下降。     

吸声型薄膜声学超材料低频宽带吸声性能研究*

本文根据吸声型薄膜声学超材料的吸声机理，在传统的吸声型薄膜声学超材料结构的基础上引入质量非对称结构， 优化了不同厚度质量片的排布方式，并根据优化结果制备了能够实现低频宽带吸声效果的薄膜声学超材料样品。对其进行声学实验的测试结果显示，样品在 100-1000Hz 频率范围内的平均吸声系数达 0.25，并在 250-800Hz 频率范围内出现了多个共振吸收峰，且实验测得的吸声系数曲线与仿真曲线的趋势有较高的一致性。因此该样品实现了低频宽带吸声。     

单点金刚石超精密车削快点火靶丸微孔精度控制北大核心CSCD

研究了单点金刚石超精密车削技术(SPDT)加工靶丸微孔中的精度控制方法,建立了靶丸微孔加工误差的仿真模型,并理论分析了不同误差因素对微孔尺寸误差的影响规律;根据误差分析结果提出了基于刀具阶梯进给运动方式的微孔精度控制方法,用以控制靶丸微孔精度;在单点金刚石超精密车床上进行了辉光放电聚合物(GDP)靶丸微孔的车削实验,实验结果表明:采用该精度控制方法,靶丸微孔尺寸误差和圆度误差分别降低了70.7%和87.5%,实验结果表明了所提出方法的有效性。     

微孔共振腔吸声机理的直接数值模拟研究

声衬是由大量的微孔共振腔按一定规则排列组成,由于微孔共振腔的小尺寸和流动的复杂性,采用实验和理论方法难以观测其内部及附近的复杂流动情况.本文采用计算气动声学方法对不同频率和声强声波入射下的二维微孔共振腔的吸声过程进行了直接数值模拟.结果表明: (1)腔口处粘性耗散和涡脱落现象是其吸声的书要形式;(2)在不同的频率和声强入射下,微孔共振腔的吸声过程表现出三种不同的模式,分别为无涡脱落、规则涡脱落和不规则涡脱落;(3)微孔共振腔的吸声性能在入射波为共振腔固有频率时最好.     

微穿孔板吸声结构水下应用研究

马大猷教授提出的微穿孔板吸声结构在空气噪声降低和隔离方面得到了广泛的应用,但未见水下应用的相关研究和报道。本文将空气中微穿孔板理论应用到水中,得到了水下微穿孔板吸声结构的吸声公式。通过理论分析,得出了微穿孔板结构直接应用于水中无法获得宽频吸收的结论。提出了通过匹配液将微穿孔板间接应用到水下的设想。设计了单层板和双层板吸声结构,并对它们的吸声特性进行了理论分析与仿真。结果表明,本文设计的微穿孔板吸声结构在水中能够获得优于空气中的宽频带吸声效果。实验测量了自制的微穿孔板吸声结构,吸声系数的测量值与理论曲线基本吻合,从而验证了理论分析的正确性。     

面向微穿孔板吸声结构和吸声特性混合设计的软件平台

微穿孔板吸声结构是由微穿孔板与板后空腔组成的共振吸声结构,被认为是继多孔吸声材料之后发展起来的最有吸引力的吸声结构,其吸声特性与结构参数孔径d、板厚t、孔距b及空腔深度D有关,如何按需设计一个有效的微穿孔板吸声结构已成为目前研究的热点。本文从微穿孔板吸声结构和吸声特性混合设计的角度出发,使用面向对象的编程语言C++开发了微穿孔板吸声结构设计平台。与以往设计方法不同,本文开发的软件平台综合考虑了结构参数和吸声特性参数两方面的限制,根据实际应用要求平衡微穿孔板吸声结构的最大吸声系数与吸声带宽之间的制约关系,并以饱满的吸声曲线为目标,提供满足混合设计要求的优化结构参数。     

Enhancing sound absorption using periodic micro-perforated structure with porous layer

To get desired sound absorption,we proposed a novel periodic composite structure comprised of micro-perforated plates(MPPs),porous materials and air cavities.The composite structure is then solved using an equivalent circuit model,with equivalent fluid porous model and Maa's theory.Distributed four-pole elements are used to handle structures which are not compact compared to the sound wavelength.The model procedures are validated and confirmed as satisfactory by published results and finite-element results.Analysis conducted on a single layer shows that,compared with traditional MPP,the porous addition can increase sound absorption in the low-to-medium frequency range;however,the advantage of porous materials in the high-frequency range is lost.Meanwhile,by arranging the porous materials in parallel and controlling their filling ratios,the absorption curve of the composite structure can be tuned.As to periodic composite structures,it is found that the influence of layer number N is mainly in the low-to-medium frequency range.When N varies,the half-absorption bandwidth increases over 40%(≥380 Hz) compared with a single layer.Compared with multi-layered MPPs,N=2 and N=4 produce an increase of bandwidth by 50%(≥400 Hz) and 30%(≥300 Hz) respectively.As N increases,the sound absorption is better but the enhancement weakens as it tends to the limit of the composite structure.These results show the potential enhancements that can be made to the traditional MPP,which can benefit the research on wideband noise reduction in the low-to-medium frequency range.     

Sound absorption characteristics of a double-leaf structure with an MPP and a permeable membrane

As for the sound absorbing system using an MPP (microperforated panel), a double-leaf MPP sound absorber has been studied so far. However, this structure uses two MPPs, which are still expensive, and is disadvantageous when its cost is concerned. Therefore, it is considered that it can be advantageous if one of the leaves can be replaced with a less expensive material keeping high sound absorption performance. In this study, the possibility of producing a useful sound absorbing structure with an MPP and a permeable membrane as an alternative less expensive material is examined. The acoustic properties of this MPP and permeable membrane combination absorber are analysed theoretically with a Helmholtz integral formulation. The absorption performance and mechanism are discussed through the numerical examples. Also, the effect of a honeycomb in the air cavity, which is to be used for reinforcing the structure, is also discussed through a theoretical analysis.     

Improvement of sound absorption characteristics under low frequency for micro-perforated panel absorbers using super-aligned carbon nanotube arrays

Super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) arrays are grown on the surface of micro perforated panel (MPP) in the hope of improving the acoustic performance of MPP absorbers by virtue of their unique properties. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that SACNT arrays did not block the perforations of MPPs or changed the perforation diameter due to their “super-aligned” nature, although MPPs are thickened. The absorption effect of SACNT arrays which are of the same and different lengths with different incident side on MPP absorbers are investigated, and standing wave tube method is used to determine the normal sound absorption coefficient. Results show that both of the lengths of SACNT arrays and the incident side have effects on the sound absorption performance of MPP absorbers. And generally SACNT arrays help to improve the sound absorption capacity of MPP absorbers in low-frequency regions only when the SACNT arrays surface is the incident side. SACNT arrays decrease absorption performance of MPP absorbers when the MPP surface is used as the incident side. Moreover, SACNT arrays are found to increase the acoustic ability of MPP absorbers with the same structure parameters monotonically at lengths up to 600 μm in the condition that the SACNT arrays surface is used as the incident side.     

圆孔非线性声阻抗三维时域仿真与特性分析

为研究有限振幅声波作用下圆孔的非线性声学特性,提出了基于三维时域计算流体动力学(CFD)仿真的圆孔非线性声阻抗提取方法,通过求解层流方程来模拟声信号在圆孔及上下游的传播,以及采用横向周期性边界条件来考虑高穿孔率时圆孔之间相互作用的影响。研究了不同幅值声波作用下孔径、厚度和穿孔率对声阻抗的影响规律,通过对质点振速幅值、频率和板厚等组成的无量纲参量进行非线性回归分析,得到了圆孔非线性声阻抗的拟合公式,并将其转换为可考虑多频声波影响的时域模型。最后结合声阻抗时域模型和有限差分方法计算了直通穿孔管消声器在小振幅和有限振幅声波作用下的传递损失,通过与实验测量结果的比较,验证了拟合公式的准确性和实用性。     

直角屋脊棱镜与立方角锥棱镜的光学特性

在光学工程应用方面,常利用棱镜对光路的折转作用,完成一定的转像、检测和测量等工作。在实际应用中,考虑到棱镜加工误差对光轴产生的影响,应用动态光学理论及推导公式,分别给出直角屋脊棱镜与立方角锥棱镜的作用矩阵、特征方向和极值轴向,得出2种棱镜光轴偏差的数学模型。根据实际加工误差,进一步推导出2棱镜的理论误差,并对2棱镜的理论误差进行比较。最后得出可以用直角屋脊棱镜代替立方角锥棱镜的结论。     

穿纤维微穿孔板吸声系数的有限元仿真

为拓宽微穿孔板的吸声频带,该文用有限元算法建立了典型微穿孔板和穿入不同数量金属纤维的微穿孔板模型,研究了两种微穿孔板的吸声系数、声阻抗和微孔内法向质点速度的空间分布,并进行了试验验证。有限元仿真和试验数据表明:穿入金属纤维可以拓宽微穿孔板的吸声频带,吸声系数也随纤维根数的增加而下降;吸声系数仿真结果与试验结果趋势一致,仿真模型可以有效模拟穿入纤维前后微穿孔板的吸声特性;穿入金属纤维导致黏滞效应引起的低质点速度区域增大,声阻增加,引起吸声系数的降低,而声抗变化不大。研究发现,有限元仿真方法适用于结构相对复杂的微穿孔结构的声学建模,能直观地体现微孔复杂结构的影响,值得继续深入研究和工程应用。     

Relationship between Helmholtz-resonance absorption and panel-type absorption in finite flexible microperforated-panel absorbers

Microperforated panels (MPPs) can provide wide-band absorption without fibrous and porous materials and are recognized as next-generation absorption materials. Although the fundamental absorbing mechanism of an MPP absorber is Helmholtz-resonance absorption, sound-induced vibration of an MPP itself can affects the absorption characteristics. There have been some studies considering the effects of the sound-induced vibration and there even is a proposal to widen the absorption bandwidth by positively utilizing the vibration of an MPP itself. On the other hand, in a previous study, the relationship between MPP absorbers and panel-type absorbers was investigated with infinite theory. However, the relationship between Helmholtz-resonance absorption and panel-type absorption in finite flexible MPP absorbers has not been clarified. Herein, from the viewpoint of an absorption-characteristics transition with the perforation ratio, the relationship between Helmholtz-resonance absorption and panel-type absorption including the effects of eigen-mode vibrations of the panel is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The analytical model considers a finite flexible MPP supported in a circular duct, and the predicted data for the absorption coefficient under normal incidence is validated by an experiment using an acoustic tube. From this investigation, it is found that panel-type absorption due to eigen-mode vibrations of the panel occurs independently from Helmholtz-resonance absorption, while panel-type absorption due to a mass-spring resonance of a panel and a back cavity has a trade-off relationship with Helmholtz-resonance absorption with respect to the perforation ratio.     

Numerical analyses of the sound absorption of three-dimensional MPP space sound absorbers

Because microperforated panels (MPPs) can provide wide-band sound absorption without fibrous and porous materials, they are recognized as next-generation absorption materials. The fundamental absorbing mechanism is Helmholtz-resonance absorption due to the perforations and air-back cavity. Consequently, MPPs are usually placed in front of rigid-back walls. However, one of the authors has proposed MPP space sound absorbers without backing structures. Among these space absorbers, cylindrical MPP space absorbers and rectangular MPP space absorbers are advantageous due to their design flexibility and easy-to-use properties. Although their performances have been investigated experimentally, it is necessary to predict their absorption characteristics to develop improved shapes and efficient designs. Herein their absorption characteristics are numerically predicted using the two-dimensional boundary element method, and the applicability of a numerical method as a design tool to sufficiently predict the performance of MPP space absorbers is discussed.     

Improved sound absorption performance of three-dimensional MPP space sound absorbers by filling with porous materials

Because microperforated panels (MPPs), which can be made from various materials, provide wide-band sound absorption, they are recognized as one of the next-generation absorption materials. Although MPPs are typically placed in front of rigid walls, MPP space sound absorbers without a backing structure, including three-dimensional cylindrical MPP space absorbers (CMSAs) and rectangular MPP space absorbers (RMSAs), are proposed to extend their design flexibility and easy-to-use properties. On the other hand, improving the absorption performance by filling the back cavity of typical MPP absorbers with porous materials has been shown theoretically, and three-dimensional MPP space absorbers should display similar improvements. Herein the effects of porous materials inserted into the cavities of CMSAs and RMSAs are experimentally investigated and a numerical prediction method using the two-dimensional boundary element method is proposed. Consequently, CMSAs and RMSAs with improved absorption performances are illustrated based on the experimental results, and the applicability of the proposed prediction method as a design tool is confirmed by comparing the experimental and numerical results.     

Double-leaf microperforated panel space absorbers: A revised theory and detailed analysis

A double-leaf microperforated panel space absorber (DLMPP) is composed of two microperforated panels (MPPs) placed in parallel with an air-cavity in-between, without a back wall or any backing structure. This was proposed as a space sound absorber, which can be used for a sound absorbing screen or partition. A conventional MPP absorber with a rigid back wall is effective only around its resonance frequency, which is usually at middle frequencies, and not effective at low frequencies. However, a DLMPP can be effective also at low frequencies, because an additional sound absorption is produced by its acoustic flow resistance. In the authors’ previous work, theoretical analyses on the acoustic properties of a DLMPP were carried out using a simplified electro-acoustical equivalent circuit model. However, the equivalent circuit model includes an approximation, and more sophisticated theory is required for a better prediction and detailed discussion. In this paper, a revised theory for a DLMPP is presented: A Helmholtz integral formulation is employed to obtain a rigorous solution for more precise prediction of the absorptivity of a DLMPP. The result of the present revised theory is compared with that of the equivalent circuit model, and the difference between them is discussed. A parametric survey is made through numerical examples by the present revised theory to discuss its acoustic properties.