直角屋脊棱镜与立方角锥棱镜的光学特性

在光学工程应用方面，常利用棱镜对光路的折转作用，完成一定的转像、检测和测量等工作。在实际应用中，考虑到棱镜加工误差对光轴产生的影响，应用动态光学理论及推导公式，分别给出直角屋脊棱镜与立方角锥棱镜的作用矩阵、特征方向和极值轴向，得出2种棱镜光轴偏差的数学模型。根据实际加工误差，进一步推导出2棱镜的理论误差，并对2棱镜的理论误差进行比较。最后得出可以用直角屋脊棱镜代替立方角锥棱镜的结论。

Optical characteristics of right-angle roof prism and corner-cube prism

In optical engineering application,the prisms' beam folding function is often used to implement the image rotation,detection and measurement. In this paper,considering the effect of the machining error of prisms on the optical axes in the engineering application,the matrix,characteristic direction and extreme-value axial direction of the right-angle roof prism and corner-cube prism were obtained with the dynamic optical theory and the derivation formula. Thus,the mathematic models of optical axes of the two prisms were derived. According to the actual machining error,the theoretical error sources of the two prisms were deduced,and the comparative analysis for both prisms was conducted. Finally,it is concluded that the rightangled roof prism should be used instead of the corner-cube prism.