纳秒激光诱导石英光纤端面损伤特性研究

实验研究了石英光纤的纳秒激光诱导损伤行为.实验条件下全部为光纤端面损伤,按照损伤形貌可以分为坑状损伤、熔融损伤和溅射损伤三类.提出了光纤端面损伤的判断方法和损伤阈值的测试方法,通过线性拟合得出实验条件下石英传能光纤的零概率损伤功率密度阈值为3.85GW/cm².总结了光纤端面损伤的过程,分析了激光诱导光纤端面损伤机理,指出光纤端面的杂质缺陷是造成光纤抗激光损伤能力下降的内因.因此,通过改善光纤端面质量还可较大程度提高光纤传输激光能量.实验发现光纤注入端面损伤点几乎全部发生在端面中心区 关键词： 激光诱导损伤 高峰值功率 光纤传能 损伤阈值     

纳秒激光在K9玻璃中聚焦的损伤形貌研究

详细研究了纳秒激光脉冲在K9玻璃内部产生损伤的形貌特点.整个损伤形貌是前端较大、后端逐渐减小,呈纺锤形.损伤区可分为四种类型的损伤形貌：损伤点轴向的丝状等离子通道、熔化区域、裂纹区域和裂纹末端的折射率变化区域.给出了激光脉冲能量在空间的沉积函数和冲击波膨胀压强的表达式,并根据压强的空间分布特点对相应的损伤形貌进行了分析,理论分析与实验结果相符. 关键词： 激光损伤形貌 移动损伤模型 冲击波 激光能量沉积     

重复率激光作用下光学薄膜损伤的累积效应

使用脉宽12 ns,频率10 Hz的1064 nm调Q NdYAG激光器,研究了高反射膜在重复率激光作用下的损伤的累积效应.实验发现,高反射膜的损伤阈值随辐照脉冲数增加而降低,表现出明显的累积效应.通过对损伤阈值和损伤概率以及辐照次数的统计性研究,并结合单脉冲辐照的结果,说明了存在于薄膜中微小的缺陷参与了多脉冲激光对薄膜的损伤过程.可用预损伤机制解释实验结果.得到了关于IBS制备的高反射膜的损伤阈值和照射次数的关系式,并用实验结果进行验证,发现具有很好的一致性.实验过程中样品的损伤形貌通过Nomarski偏光显微镜进行了观察,发现是典型的缺陷损伤.     

激光诱导击穿光谱在薄膜损伤分析中的应用

提出了应用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对薄膜损伤特性进行表征的方法,研究了纳秒脉冲激光作用下薄膜损伤时的等离子体光谱特征,并应用该技术对薄膜的抗激光损伤特性进行了测量.实验测得,HfO2单层膜在78mJ的激光能量的辐照下,薄膜损伤时的等离子体温度为2 807.4K,且电子密度为7.4×1017cm-3.利用识别薄膜损伤时的等离子体光谱的特征,准确地判断了薄膜是否损伤,避免了薄膜损伤的误判现象.结果表明,激光诱导击穿光谱技术适用于薄膜的激光损伤测试中,并且是一种非常有效的测试分析方法.     

工程陶瓷表面抗激光损伤能力研究

实验研究了纳秒激光辐照下不同材料的工程陶瓷表面的抗激光损伤能力,并与不锈钢、铝合金等金属材料进行了对比.结果表明,不同材料的工程陶瓷表面抗激光损伤特性不同;氧化铝陶瓷的损伤阈值最高,氮化硅陶瓷的损伤阈值较低.与金属材料相比较,工程陶瓷表面损伤阈值比不锈钢和铝合金高.由于材料的熔点和热传导率等热力学特性不同,不同的陶瓷材料具有不同的损伤阈值和损伤形貌.理论分析了不同材料抗激光损伤阈值的差异;陶瓷材料的吸收系数远远小于金属材料,吸收系数通过影响能量沉积区域和有效热扩散速率影响材料温度的演化过程,最终影响着材料的激光损伤阈值和损伤特性.实验结果为高功率激光装置中对抗激光损伤能力要求较高的机械支撑材料的选择提供了指导.     

飞秒激光诱导硬质合金YG6表面累积效应

采用波长800nm的飞秒激光对硬质合金YG6表面进行多脉冲加工,利用光学显微镜测量微凹坑损伤形貌及损伤直径,研究了飞秒激光在不同能量密度和脉冲数下硬质合金YG6的损伤阈值和损伤直径的变化规律及其损伤机制.试验结果表明:硬质合金YG6的多脉冲损伤阈值随着脉冲数增加而降低,呈现明显的累积效应.试验得到了多脉冲飞秒激光加工YG6的损伤阈值、损伤直径与脉冲数及中心能量密度的定量关系,YG6多脉冲损伤阈值主要与脉冲数相关,由单脉冲损伤阈值和累积系数共同决定,试验得到YG6单脉冲损伤阈值为1.14±0.06J/cm2,累积系数为0.84±0.02.损伤直径主要与光束中心能量密度和脉冲数相关,由光束束腰半径,单脉冲损伤阈值和累积系数共同决定.试验采用多组平均功率和脉冲数对YG6进行烧蚀,验证了单脉冲损伤阈值和累积系数的可靠性.     

钛酸镧薄膜在1064nm/532nm波长激光辐照下的光学特性

采用热蒸发沉积技术制备了钛酸镧(H4)薄膜,研究了1 064nm和532nm波长激光诱导辐照处理后的薄膜折射率、消光系数、激光损伤阈值和损伤过程变迁.结果表明:采用不同波长的激光辐照H4薄膜后,会使其折射率升高,但升高的幅度不大.用1 064nm的激光辐照处理,可将H4膜的激光损伤阈值从10.2J/cm~2提高到15.7J/cm~2(5脉冲辐照),而532nm激光辐照对样品损伤阈值的提高效果不明显.同一样片,1 064nm激光的损伤阈值远远高于532nm的激光损伤阈值.1064nm激光辐照下,H4薄膜经历了轻微损伤、轻度损伤、重度损伤和极度损伤四个缓慢演变的阶段.而532nm激光辐照下,H4薄膜从未损伤到损伤是一个突变的过程,经历了重度损伤和极度损伤的演变阶段.     

多脉冲激光作用下光学薄膜损伤的累积效应

研究了高反射膜在多脉冲激光作用下损伤的累积效应.实验中使用1064nm调Q的Nd∶YAG激光器,脉宽是12 ns,频率为10 Hz.实验发现:高反射膜的损伤阈值随辐照脉冲数增加而降低,表现出明显的累积效应.通过对损伤阈值和损伤概率以及辐照次数的统计性研究,并结合单脉冲辐照的结果,说明了存在于薄膜中微小的缺陷参与了多脉冲激光对薄膜的损伤过程,得到了制备IBS高反射膜的损伤阈值和照射次数的关系式,用Nomarski偏光显微镜观察了实验过程中样品的损伤形貌,发现是典型的缺陷损伤.     

激光钝化对熔石英修复后损伤性能影响的实验研究

采用10.6 μupm 的 CO₂激光, 对单次激光脉冲辐照修复熔石英存在的烧蚀采用大光斑钝化去除. 经过辐照修复的区域置于前表面测试初始损伤阈值, 结果表明调制造成的损伤得到了一定程度的抑制; 辐照区域置于后表面修复后 熔石英的初始损伤阈值超过了基底的初始损伤阈值. 实验观察到了应力分布外扩, 同时明显减弱. 对损伤增长的测试说明, 经过激光熔融辐照后的损伤点, 当应力释放以后, 损伤扩展初期表现出指数增长趋势, 后期随着辐照次数的增加, 损伤增长不再明显, 并且趋于恒定值.     

真空条件下激光诱导光纤损伤特性研究

实验研究并分析了调Q Nd:YAG 脉冲激光诱导光纤损伤特性.设计了在真空条件下全石英光纤传输1064 nm 脉冲激光实验.通过将激光注入光纤端面气压降低到10—100 Pa, 光纤端面击穿阈值提高到大气环境下的185 倍.结合光纤端面损伤形貌分析可知,光纤端面损伤主要是由于激光驻波场和烧蚀共同作用的结果,光纤端面或内部大量的缺陷降低了光纤抗激光损伤的能力.在真空条件下由于光纤端面光学击穿阈值的提高,激光诱导光纤损伤特性又表现出了另外一种损伤模式——光纤初始输入段损伤.它发生在光纤输入段附 关键词： 激光损伤 光束传输 真空 石英光纤     

Observation of the Damage on HOPG Surface Induced by Ar+8 Ions

Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) samples were bombarded by Ar+8 ions with energy range from 10.1 to 112MeV. After bombardment the sample surfaces were observed using a STM and NanoScope. The resultS show that the energetic ion could cause observable praotrusionlike damage on the HOPG surface.The relationship betWeen damage and energy loss, and the possible mechanism of damage process are discussed.     

Transmission measurement based on STM observation to detect the penetration depth of low-energy heavy ions in botanic samples

The penetration depth of low-energy heavy ions in botanic samples was detected with a new transmission measurement. In the measurement, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) pieces were placed behind the botanic samples with certain thickness. During the irradiation of heavy ions with energy of tens of keV, the energetic particles transmitted from those samples were received by the HOPG pieces. After irradiation, scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was applied to observe protrusion-like damage induced by these transmitted ions on the surface of the HOPG. The statistical average number density of protrusions and the minimum transmission rate of the low-energy heavy ions can be obtained. The detection efficiency of the new method for low-energy heavy ions was about 0.1-1 and the background in the measurement can be reduced to as low as 1.0 x 10(8) protrusions/cm2. With this method, the penetration depth of the energetic particles was detected to be no less than 60 micrometers in kidney bean slices when the slices were irradiated by 100 keVAr+ ion at the fluence of 5 x 10(16) ions/cm2.     

Pinning of size-selected Co clusters on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite

Deposition and implantation of size-selected Co⁺ _50±5 cluster ions on/in highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) have been performed. Cobalt clusters were produced by laser ablation using the second harmonic (532 nm) of a Nd:YAG laser. They were deposited/implanted with energies of 250–4850 eV/cluster and examined using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). For the highest energies the clusters created craters and wells with residual clusters at the bottom of the wells. Decrease of the impact energy led to formation of bumps whichconsist of damaged graphite areas mixed with fragmented cobalt clusters. Further decrease of the impact energy to 250–450 eV/cluster probably corresponds to the so-called pinning regime, when the impacting cluster creates defects in the surface layer and becomes bound to them. The transition from implantation to pinning with a decrease of impact energy was confirmed by etching experiments showing the depth of the damage introduced by the cluster collisions with HOPG.     

Band-reject-filtering X-ray spectra by mosaic structures of pyrolytic graphite

The possibility of effective band-reject filtration of intense spectral lines in X-ray spectra and the creation of deep spectral valleys in the continuous spectrum by diffraction extinction was shown. Optimum material for band-reject filters in the energy range E > 6 keV is highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The filtering scheme in the form of an echelon arrangement of HOPG films is proposed, which suppresses the negative effect of multiple reflections due to diffraction extinction. The full width at half minimum of the spectral valleys can vary from tens of electronvolt to several kiloelectron volt depending on the HOPG mosaic spread, HOPG filters arrangement, and rejected energy region. At the energy range E of ~10 keV, the spectral density attenuation value may be of order 10⁻³ and lower. The obtained results can be used in various fields of X-ray spectrometry, as well as in static energy dispersive diffractometry and reflectometry.     

UV photoemission study on fullerene molecules deposited on defect-rich carbon surfaces

Submonolayers of C₆₀ molecules have been deposited on different carbon substrates (pristine HOPG, argon-ion irradiated HOPG and amorphous carbon) and investigated by means of Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The desorption behavior and spectral changes in the valence band were examined as a function of the sample temperature. Strong fullerene-substrate interaction (chemisorption) was observed on defect-rich surfaces (irradiated HOPG, a-C), indicated by binding energy shifts and broadening of C₆₀ VB features. These chemisorbed species proved to be more resistant against temperature-induced desorption than usually observed for physisorbed molecules on pristine HOPG. The results presented here suggest that deposition of fullerenes on heated substrates might be a feasible method of surface nanostructuring by preferential chemisorption on defects.     

双甘氨肽与高定向热解石墨的散射动力学研究

本文通过反应力场来研究中性双甘氨肽与高取向热解石墨的碰撞动力学过程,分别模拟初始入射角度为0o、20o、45o和70o以及入射能量为481.5 kJ/mol和表面温度为677 K的情况,并且确定和分析了散射产物的角度分布、平动能分布、内能分布和表面滞留时间分布. 双甘氨肽是一种多原子分子,具有较多的低频振动模式和较强的表面吸附相互作用,这些使得碰撞过程的表面滞留时间较长和容易造成能量损失,尤其是表面法线方向. 由于碰撞分子的动量沿表面法线方向上明显地发生损失,而沿表面平行方向上的动量则会大部分保留,因此,其散射角通常会呈现出超镜面反射分布,并且末态的平动能要远小于所谓硬立方模型的预测值. 本文加深了多肽分子与高取向热解石墨碰撞及其能量转移过程的认识和理解,有助于设计在稀薄大气中收集这类大分子的中性气体浓缩器.     

The Magnetic Order in Ion Irradiated Graphite

The magnetism of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG) induced by ion implantation is investigated with electron spin resonance(ESR) spectroscopy and magnetization measurements.The results indicate that the ESR spectra of the HOPG sample correlate with ion species,incident energy and dose of implantation.The correlation of the ESR spectra and magnetism of the HOPG sample with ~(12)C~+ ion implantation and H~+ ion implantation are studied in detail.The ferromagnetism of the HOPG sample is likely related to the asymmetric L1 line,which may be attributed to the interaction between localized defects and itinerant electrons occupied in the 'impurity'band induced by ion implantation.     

Magnetism at single isolated iron atoms implanted in graphite

M?ssbauer spectra obtained after implantation of 57Fe into highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) show a combined magnetic and quadrupole interaction with a magnetic hyperfine field Bhf = 32.6 T at 14 K. Though magnetic effects in nominally diamagnetic HOPG have been reported recently, no experiment has previously shown the existence of magnetism at the atomic scale. The results suggest that magnetic ordering occurs by coupling of the Fe magnetic moment to structural and/or electronic magnetic defects induced by the probe atoms' implantation damage.     

STM and AFM observations of damage produced by swift Ne and Kr ions in graphite

Radiation damage of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) samples have been investigated following irradiation with 215 MeV Ne and 209 MeV Kr ions, available at U-400 cyclotron, Dubna. A freshly cleaved HOPG surface was irradiated perpendicularly to the sample surface (c plane). A low ion irradiation dose was used (10¹² ions/cm²) in order to avoid damage overlap. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are useful methods allowing direct observation of surface defects. The observations were made after irradiation without any further sample preparation. The experimental results are compared to computer simulations (TRIM code) and primary knonked-on atomic spectrum calculations (LET code). Clear distinction can be made between surface features attributed to nuclear stopping effects and defects owing to electronic stopping mechanisms.     

Surface reactivity of oxygen on cleaved and sputtered graphite

The characterization of reactions which occur during the oxidation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was performed using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The results of this investigation provide spectroscopic evidence for the presence of semi-quinone functionalities on sputtered and oxidized HOPG STM images are presented to quantify the increase in defect sites after oxygen ion sputtering, and to correlate defect site density with reactivity.