单分散,大为闰径聚苯乙烯微球的制备

以聚乙烯基吡咯酮为人发散剂，偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂、醇／水浊给物为分散介质进行了苯乙烯的分散聚合，讨论了初始单体浓度，分散剂量用、引发剂浓度、分散介质组成和反应温度等反应条件对所得聚合物颗粒直径和直和戏分布的影响。     

单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备及影响因素研究

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散剂，无水乙醇为反应介质，偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂，采用分散聚合工艺，通过优化反应条件，制备出了粒径为5μm单分散（分散系数≤5％）聚苯乙烯微球。所制备的聚苯乙烯微球标准偏差δ＝0．16μm，分散系数ε＝0．02，且具有良好的球形度，表面非常光滑，无破损，无缺损。对影响单分散聚苯乙烯微球的因素进行了研究，结果表明：随着分散稳定剂用量的增加，聚苯乙烯微球的粒径减小；随着单体和引发剂用量的增加，聚苯乙烯微球的粒径增大。分散稳定剂和单体用量是影响聚苯乙烯微球粒径分布的两个主要因素。     

分散聚合法制备甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物微球

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,在甲醇／水混合溶剂中,采用分散聚合法制备出微米级的甲基丙烯酸甲酯一苯乙烯共聚物微球,研究了分散介质组成、单体组成、引发剂浓度、分散剂浓度、反应温度等反应条件对聚合产物粒径及粒径分布的影响。     

种子溶胀法制备单分散高交联聚苯乙烯微球

以分散聚合法制得平均粒径为1.80μm的聚苯乙烯微球为种子,与溶胀剂和单体、交联剂的混合物经二步溶胀聚合法,制备了单分散高交联聚苯乙烯微球。讨论了单体浓度和醇水比对种球的影响,以及溶胀剂的种类、溶胀剂浓度、交联剂浓度、溶胀温度和搅拌速度等因素对交联聚苯乙烯微球粒径及分散系数的影响。用扫描电子显微镜、离心式粒度分析仪及DSC分析测试技术对微球的外观形貌、粒径大小及分布和玻璃化转变温度分别进行了表征。结果表明,当溶胀剂质量分数为25%、交联剂质量分数为23%、溶胀温度30℃、搅拌速度为150r/min时,可制得平均粒径为6.20μm且单分散性较好的高交联聚苯乙烯微球。     

反应原料组成对单分散苯乙烯微球粒径及其分布的影响

采用分散聚合工艺制备微米级单分散聚苯乙烯微球，并对分散聚合反应的内部影响因素(分散稳定剂、助稳定剂、单体、引发剂)进行了研究．结果表明，随着分散稳定剂和助稳定剂用量的增加，聚苯乙烯微球的粒径减小；随着单体和引发剂用量的增加，聚苯乙烯微球的粒径增大．分散稳定剂和单体用量是影响聚苯乙烯微球粒径分布的两个主要内部因素．     

聚苯乙烯单分散微球粒径可控性探讨

在系统研究分散聚合反应中的原料组成(分散稳定剂、单体、引发剂)和反应条件(反应介质极性、反应体系温度、搅拌速度)对所制备的聚合物微球的粒径大小及粒径分布和聚合反应速率影响的基础上,根据各因素的影响效应,优化设计分散聚合的反应条件,成功地制备出1μm~10μm粒径范围内不同粒径级别的微米级单分散聚合物微球,实现了不同粒径大小及粒径分布的微米级单分散聚合物微球制备的控制设计。     

交联剂加入方式对聚苯乙烯微球形貌和分散性能的影响

以醇水混合液为分散介质,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定剂,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,采用分散聚合法一步制备了粒径约为1μm的单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球;采用扫描电镜和激光粒度仪等分析微球表面形貌及粒径分布,研究了滴加交联剂开始时间、交联剂浓度、引发剂浓度等对微球形貌和分散性能的影响.结果表明,在实验进行4h时加入交联剂,且交联剂滴加持续时间为2h的条件下,可制得平均粒径为1μm左右的交联聚苯乙烯微球,其具有较好的单分散性和球形度,且表面光滑.     

功能高分子微球研究分散聚合法合成μ级聚苯乙烯微球

微米级聚苯乙烯微球广泛用于临床分析、生物医学、胶体研究等领城,亦可作为电子显微镜、光散射、沉降法等测定微小物体绝对长度的基准物、色谱柱填料等。用分散聚合法可以制得微米级单分散聚苯乙烯微球。本文通过对分散聚合条件和配方的研究,以水和醇为分散介质,分子量4000的聚乙二醇为稳定剂,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,合成了粒径为3至4μm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球。在分散聚合体系中,随着有机溶剂、单体、引发剂等用量的增加,胶乳粒径增大,粒径分布变宽。随着稳定剂、表面张力调节剂等用量的增加,胶乳粒径减小,粒径分布变窄。有机溶剂种类改变以及聚合反应温度变化,胶乳粒径也发生变化。     

乙酸乙酯/乙醇混合溶液中分散聚合制备单分散亚微米级聚丙烯酰胺微球

以乙酸乙酯/乙醇混合溶液为分散介质, PVP为分散剂, 通过分散聚合法合成了单分散亚微米级PAM微球. 在反应初期, 自动加速现象明显. 由于凝胶效应的影响, 分子量随着单体转化率的提高而逐渐增大. 考察了分散剂浓度对最终产物增率的影响, 并用IR光谱对产物的结构进行了表征, 证明分散聚合体系中吸附稳定机理和接枝稳定机理同时存在, 且以后者为主. 同时还研究了混合溶剂比例、分散剂浓度、初始单体浓度和引发剂浓度对微球粒径及粒径分布的影响. 结果表明, 乙酸乙酯/乙醇体积比在5∶5-7∶3范围内, 可得到粒径在200 nm左右, 且分布较窄的PAM微球; 分散剂浓度增大, 粒径减小; 引发剂浓度增加, 粒径增大; 初始单体浓度较高或较低时, 都得不到单分散性微球.     

单分散聚苯乙烯交联微球可控制备的研究进展

单分散聚苯乙烯交联微球是一类具有高比表面积、吸附性强以及高表面活性的材料,以其优异的疏水性、优越的热稳定性和耐溶剂性能在生物医学、标准计量、电子信息、分析化学、色谱分离等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景,近年来有关交联聚合物微球的制备以及机理研究成为一大热点并且发展较快。本文重点介绍了交联剂存在下分散聚合的反应机理,探讨了单体、引发剂、交联剂、分散剂以及分散介质等对单分散聚苯乙烯交联微球可控制备的影响,展望了聚苯乙烯交联微球的发展趋势和应用前景。     

Control of particle size in dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles ranging in diameter from 2 to 10 μm were prepared by dispersion polymerization. The effects of various polymerization parameters on the size and monodispersity were systematically investigated. The particle size was found to increase with increasing polymerization temperature, concentration and decomposition rate of the initiator, and solvency of the dispersion medium. It also increased with increasing concentration and molecular weight of the polymeric stabilizer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). As the monomer concentration was increased from 5 to 20 wt %, a minimum was found in the particle size at a monomer concentration of 10 wt %. A costabilizer was found to be necessary for preparing monodisperse particles at stabilizer concentrations below 2 wt %. A recycling experiment showed that the consumption of PVP was quite small in each cycle and the residual materials in this system could be reused readily. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis of highly crosslinked monodisperse polymer particles: Effect of reaction parameters on the size and size distribution

Monodisperse polystyrene particles crosslinked with different concentrations of divinylbenzene were synthesized in the 3.2–9.1 μm size range by dispersion polymerization in an isopropyl alcohol/toluene mixed‐dispersion medium with poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) as a steric stabilizer and 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as a radical initiator. The effects of the reaction parameters such as the crosslinking agent concentration, media solvency (controlled by varying the amount of toluene addition), the initiator concentration, and the stabilizer concentration on the particle size and size distribution were investigated with reference particles with a monodisperse size distribution and crosslinked by 1.5 wt % divinylbenzene. The appropriate increase in media solvency was a prerequisite for preparing crosslinked particles without coagulated and/or odd‐shaped particles. The investigation of the effects of the polymerization parameters also shows that only specific sets of conditions produce particles with a monodisperse size distribution. The glass‐transition temperatures of the particles increased with increasing divinylbenzene concentration. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 4368–4377, 2002     

The effect of temperature and initiator levels on the dispersion polymerization of polystyrene

Considerable interest has been generated recently by the preparation of large monodisperse polymer latices by a multistage swelling process. Dispersion polymerization in organic media has been shown to be an alternative route to the preparation of large monodisperse polymer colloids. The size of the resulting particles is known to be dependent on the polarity of the reaction medium. Several other factors are also extremely important in determining both the size and size distribution of the resulting particles. These include the temperature of the reaction and the level of initiator. The temperature affects both the rate of free radical formation and the thermodynamic properties of the polymerization system. It is shown that monodispersity can be achieved over a considerable range of temperatures provided that a particular level of initiator is used at a given temperature. It is also shown that higher levels of initiator at a particular temperature actually produced larger particles. Interestingly, the level of initiator was not found to significantly change the overall rate of polymerization.     

Synthesis of monodisperse polystyrene microspheres by dispersion polymerization using sodium polyaspartate

We prepared monodisperse polystyrene microspheres by dispersion polymerization using sodium polyaspartate (PAspNa) as a dispersion stabilizer in an ethanol/water medium. The influence of reaction parameters, i.e., the volume fraction of ethanol in the medium, stabilizer concentration, and the monomer concentration, on the average diameter of the prepared polystyrene microspheres and its distribution were investigated. Polystyrene microspheres were successfully prepared, and the average diameter of the prepared monodisperse polystyrene microspheres was controlled by adjusting the reaction parameters. The zeta potential of the microspheres and the time course of conversion, the particle diameter and its distribution, and particle numbers were also examined. It was found that PAspNa as a dispersion stabilizer provides an environmentally benign process for the preparation of monodisperse polymer microspheres by dispersion polymerization.     

分散聚合制备粒度均匀的聚甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯微球

文中描述了粒度均匀的聚甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯微球的制备,所采用的是分散聚合方法,系统地研究了溶剂体系、单体浓度、引发剂类型与浓度、稳定剂用量、反应温度等各种聚合参数,对聚合产物粒度及其分散性的影响．在优化反应条件的基础上,制备出了微米级（１～８μｍ）粒度均匀性基本呈现单分散的聚合物微球．     

Preparation of micron-size monodisperse polymer particles having highly crosslinked structures and vinyl groups by seeded polymerization of divinylbenzene using the dynamic swelling method

Micron-size monodisperse polystyrene/polydivinylbenzene (PS/PDVB) composite particles having highly crosslinked structures and vinyl groups were prepared as follows. First, 1.9 m-size monodisperse PS seed particles produced by dispersion polymerization were dispersed in ethanol/water (70/30, w/w) solution which dissolved divinylbenzene (DVB) monomer, benzoyl peroxide as an initiator and poly(vinyl alcohol) as a stabilizer. The PS seed particles were swollen with a large amount of DVB monomers to 4.3 m in diameter while keeping good monodispersity by the dynamic swelling method, where water was slowly added, continuously, with a micro feeder into the dispersion. And then, the seeded polymerization of the absorbed DVB was carried out.Part CXXXV of the series Studies on Suspension and Emulsion     

Generalizing the polymerization conditions for the production of monodisperse polymeric particles via dispersion polymerization

In this study, the preparation of various methacrylic particles with monodisperse size via dispersion polymerization in polar media was discussed. The effect of various polymerization conditions such as polarity of the medium, monomer, stabilizer, and initiator concentration, polymerization temperature, and initiator type on the size and size distribution of these particles was evaluated. The experimental results showed that, with a decrease in the difference between medium solubility parameter (MSP) and polymer solubility parameter (PSP), stabilizer concentration and with an increase in monomer content size of the particles increased and size distribution of them became broader. The obtained results showed that the particle size and size distribution of various polymers were different functions of initiator concentration. It means that, for the production of monodisperse particles, specific amount of initiator is needed for each type of the polymers. Moreover, it was observed that the size and size distribution of the particles with higher polarity were more sensitive to changing the polarity of the medium, and the size distribution of the particles with lower glass transition temperature (T _g) is more sensitive to changing the stabilizer concentration which is because of less stability of them. Furthermore, to our surprise, the obtained results showed that, in MSP-PSP of 18.5 MPa^0.5, size and size distribution of all types of the particles became equivalent.     

Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Mediated Dispersion Polymerization of Styrene

Polystyrene microspheres have been synthesized by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated dispersion polymerization in an alcoholic media in the presence of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) as stabilizer and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as a conventional radical initiator. In order to obtain monodisperse polystyrene particles with controlled architecture, the post–addition of RAFT agent was employed to replace the weak point from the pre-addition of RAFT. The feature of preaddition and postaddition of RAFT agent was studied on the polymerization kinetics, particle size and its distribution and on the particle stability. The living polymerization behavior as well as the particle stability was observed only in the postaddition of RAFT. The effects of different concentration on the postaddition of RAFT agent were investigated in terms of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, particle size and its distribution. The final polydispersity index (PDI) value, particle size and the stability of the dispersion system were found to be greatly influenced by the RAFT agent. This result showed that the postaddition of RAFT agent in the dispersion polymerization not only controls the molecular weight and PDI but also produces stable monodisperse polymer particles.     

Controllable Preparation of Monodisperse Polystyrene Microspheres with Different Sizes by Dispersion Polymerization

Summary: Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) microspheres with different sizes were prepared by dispersion polymerization in dispersion media of ethanol/water and isopropayl alcohol/water, respectively. The effect of polarity of the dispersion medium, stabilizer and initiator concentration on the average sizes and size range were evaluated. The results show that monodisperse PS microspheres with different sizes could be prepared in dispersion media of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol/water when appropriate initiator and stabilizer concentrations were employed, and the latter is a more appropriate medium to prepare uniform PS microspheres. It was found that the microsphere sizes reduced with increasing water content in the dispersion medium. Furthermore, in isopropyl alcohol/water dispersions, the average sizes decreased with increasing stabilizer concentration.