组合手性萃取拆分克伦特罗外消旋体

以D-二苯甲酰酒石酸(D-DBTA)和D-二对甲苯甲酰酒石酸(D-DTTA)的组合作为手性选择剂,研究克伦特罗对映体在水相和有机相中的萃取分配行为,优化了手性萃取条件,考察了组合手性选择剂的不同摩尔浓度比、有机溶剂、水相pH值和亲脂性阴离子BPh4-对手性萃取性能的影响,并测定了手性萃取拆分过程中的热力学函数.在优化的手性萃取条件下,有机相中的对映体过量值(e.e.%)可大于10%,而所使用的选择剂量相对大为降低.热力学数据分析表明,该手性萃取过程为焓控过程.     

萃取法脱除介孔磷酸镍模板剂的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法, 以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂合成了介孔磷酸镍NiPO-1和NiPO-2, 并采用溶剂萃取法进行了模板剂的脱除. 采用XRD, IR, CHN元素分析以及N₂吸附等手段研究了不同萃取剂体系、温度、萃取剂浓度及萃取次数对介孔磷酸镍(NiPOs)骨架结构和模板剂脱除率的影响. 结果表明: 在0.1 mol/L CH₃COONa/EtOH为萃取剂, 78 ℃下交换4次, 每次1 h 条件下, NiPO-1和NiPO-2中模板剂的去除率均超过97%. 萃取后介孔材料保持了较好的完整性和有序度. 萃取后样品的衍射峰强度增大, 主衍射峰d₁₀₀值亦增大主要是由于萃取过程中, 在较高的温度下NiPOs的纳米管簇结构在萃取剂中有溶胀作用|氮气吸附表明萃取后NiPO-1和NiPO-2的比表面可分别达309.5 m²•g^－1和263.9 m²•g^－1.     

酸性磷类萃取剂在硫酸介质中对Y(Ⅲ)的协萃机制研究

对HDEHP(H2A2),HEH/EHP(H2B2),Cyanex272(H2L2)萃取剂在硫酸介质中单独以及HDEHP-HEH/EHP和HDEHP-Cyanex272混合萃取剂萃取稀土元素Y(Ⅲ)的机制进行了研究. 研究发现,单独采用HDEHP和HEH/EHP萃取Y(Ⅲ)时,SO2-4参与了反应,造成反应过程中放出的H 个数随萃取剂浓度的变化而变化,对于单独采用Cyanex272萃取Y(Ⅲ)的过程中则是OH-参与了反应. 计算了混合萃取剂萃取Y(Ⅲ)的协萃系数(R),当水相平衡pH=1.2时,HDEHP和HEH/EHP混合萃取体系与HDEHP和Cyanex272混合萃取体系萃取Y(Ⅲ)的R分别为27.68和48.99,并且协萃系数随水相平衡pH的升高而增加. 确定了在HDEHP和HEH/EHP混合萃取体系中的协萃反应并计算了反应的平衡常数及萃合物形成反应的稳定常数,反应机制为阳离子交换反应.     

H2BPMPBD和DAM协同萃取部分Ln(Ⅲ)

4-酰代双吡唑啉酮是以吡唑酮为端基、脂肪族碳氢取代基联结而成的一类新型非环四齿酸性螯合剂[1,2],螯合功能团比普通的4-酰代吡唑酮多一倍,对金属离子具有很强的萃取能力,其中对Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、稀土离子的萃取分离以及稀土荧光配合物方面的研究已有报道[3～5].为了进一步探讨该类萃取剂的萃取性能,在合成萃取剂 1,4-双(1′-苯基-3′-甲基-5′-氧代吡唑-4′-基)丁二酮-[1,4]的基础上, 研究了H2A与DAM的氯仿溶液从硝酸介质中协同萃取Ln(Ⅲ)的性能.通过考察萃取剂浓度和溶液酸度等因素对Ln(Ⅲ)萃取平衡的影响,确定了萃合物的组成,测定了半萃取pH1/2 值和萃取反应的表观平衡常数Ks.e.,求得了反应的热力学函数.     

磷酸三丁酯、4-甲基-2戊酮对铝锂溶液中锂的萃取行为

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)作为主要萃取剂,4-甲基2-戊酮(MIBK)作为协助萃取剂,三氯化铁(FeCl₃)作为共萃剂,以铝锂溶液体系作为试验对象,全面系统的研究了萃取剂的各组成成分、水相溶液的pH值、铁锂原子比、萃取相比、萃取时间以及静置时间对铝锂溶液中锂的萃取效果的影响。通过正交试验确定了萃取反应的最佳反应参数：萃取相比为5∶2,铁锂原子比为2∶1,pH值为1.5,TBP体积分数为70%,MIBK体积分数为15%,萃取时间为10 min。在此条件下,锂的单级萃取率可达82%,锂铝单级分离因数可达51。对萃取分离过程的反应机理进行了研究,深入探索了铁锂共萃取效应,确定了反应产生的萃合物形态为LiFeCl₄·2TBP·MIBK,并探究了萃合物形成过程中的键合方式。该萃取方法经济高效,适用于铝锂溶液中锂的分离。     

食品包装材料中13种增塑剂的毛细管气相色谱法测定

建立了索氏提取、固相萃取净化浓缩、毛细管气相色谱法测定塑料食品包装材料中13种增塑剂的方法.优化了固相萃取淋洗剂、洗脱剂和洗脱剂体积等参数.样品经正己烷索氏提取后,用硅胶小柱净化浓缩.以正己烷-甲苯为淋洗剂,2 mL乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂.过滤后的洗脱液用气相色谱仪分析.结果显示,13种增塑剂在0.1～1000 mg/L范围...     

电化学氧化苯酚合成对苯醌的研究

在H型阳离子交换膜电解槽中,以H₂SO₄电解质、阳极和阴极铅电极,研究苯酚电解氧化合成对苯醌. 讨论电流密度、电解质浓度、电解液中对苯醌浓度和萃取剂等电解条件对对苯醌收率和电流效率的影响. 经优选工艺条件为：电流密度4 A·dm^-2,H₂SO₄电解质浓度1 mol·L^-1,氯仿萃取剂. 通入3.2 Ah电量,对苯醌收率可达68%,电流效率为24.7%. 而在萃取剂存在下,对苯醌收率可提高至73%,电流效率为26%. 实验结果表明氯仿萃取剂可循环套用.     

CMPO-离子液体体系对Ce3+的萃取

本文研究了CMPO[辛基(苯基)-N,N-二异丁基氨甲酰基甲基氧化膦]溶于疏水性离子液体BmimNTf2(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺亚酰胺盐)和BmimPF6(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)对硝酸水溶液体系中Ce3+的萃取行为,详细考察了稀释剂、酸度、金属离子浓度、盐析剂、萃取剂浓度、温度等对萃取性能的影响。研究结果表明:离子液体BmimNTf2体系中Ce3+的萃取率远高于BmimPF6体系;硝酸浓度、金属离子浓度的增大会导致萃取率下降;温度升高萃取率降低;萃取剂CMPO浓度升高萃取率增大;而盐析剂(C=0.001~1 mol.L-1时)对Ce3+的萃取几乎没有影响。萃取机理的推测表明萃取反应形成三配位的配合物,其结构为Ce3+.3CMPO,萃取平衡常数为lgK=6.49,反应焓变为-47.29 kJ.mol-1。     

二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸与仲壬基苯氧基取代乙酸混合体系对稀土元素的萃取

考察了二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA,H2A2)和仲壬基苯氧基取代乙酸(CA100,H2B2)混合体系在HCl介质中对15种镧系元素(除钷)及钇的萃取性能,计算了稀土元素间的分离系数,并比较了混合萃取体系与D2EHPA单独萃取体系对稀土元素的分离能力.研究了D2EHPA-CA100混合体系对镧的协同萃取机理,用斜率法和恒摩尔法探讨了萃取反应方程式,考察了酸度、萃取剂浓度及温度对萃取性能的影响.结果表明:D2EHPA-CA100混合体系对镧系元素的协同效应随原子序数的增加而减弱.在适当的萃取剂配比下,此混合体系对某些稀土元素的分离能力优于D2EHPA,可用于这些稀土元素的分离.D2EHPA-CA100混合体系协同萃取镧的萃合物组成为LaH5A6B2,反应为吸热反应.     

微波萃取-气相色谱法(MAE-GC)测定菠菜中的乐果和敌敌畏

以CH2Cl2作萃取剂,建立了一种测定菠菜中的乐果和敌敌畏的分析方法-微波萃取-气相色谱法(MAE-GC).以保留时间定性,峰面积内标法定量.方法的回收率为84.0%～100.2%,标准偏差为3.2%～3.7%,能够满足有机磷农药残留分析要求.该方法用于菠菜中乐果和敌敌畏的测定具有回收率好、精密度高、结果准确、样品量少、萃取剂用量少、萃取时间短、工作量小、方便快速的特点.     

Aminolysis of 5-Phenyl-2-tetrazolylacetic Acid Ethyl Ester

It was shown using 5-phenyl-2-tetrazolylacetic acid ethyl ester as an example that aminolysis is a competitive method of synthesizing primary amides. The efficiency of aminolysis by primary amines is linked to the basicity of the initial amine. Highly basic amines display more high reactivity independent of the spatial structure of the substituent. Reaction of the investigated ester with secondary amines occurs ambiguously.     

Precision Sulfonic Acid Ester Copolymers

Linear ethylene copolymers containing sulfonic acid ethyl esters precisely spaced on every 21st carbon have been synthesized using metathesis polycondensation chemistry. These precision structures with one directly attached and one aromatic spaced sulfonic acid ester are synthesized with the goal of tailoring layered higher order morphologies in contrast to conventional clustered ionic polyolefins. Primary structural characterization confirms the precision polymer structures. Additional secondary microstructural analysis by DSC shows a recoverable endothermic melt transition of polyethylene‐like lamellae crystallites of the directly attached ester while completely amorphous behavior is observed when the ester is spaced away from the backbone with an aromatic group.

     

酸性离子液体催化脂肪酸甲酯聚合制备二聚酸甲酯

 以 Brönsted-Lewis 酸性离子液体为催化剂, 用于催化生物柴油中不饱和脂肪酸甲酯聚合制备二聚酸甲酯反应, 考察了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应温度和时间等因素对聚合反应性能的影响, 得到较佳的反应条件. 结果表明, 当以 1-(3-磺酸)-丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯锌酸盐[HO3S-(CH2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl2 (ZnCl2 摩尔分数为 0.67) 为催化剂, 生物柴油 15 g, m(生物柴油):m(离子液体) = 15:1, 于 240 oC 下反应 6 h 时, 二聚酸甲酯收率为 63.2%, 其中三聚体含量小于 5%. 另外, 该催化剂重复使用 5 次后, 二聚酸甲酯收率仍超过 63%, 表明其具有较好的重复使用性能. 离子液体的 Brönsted 和 Lewis 酸位的协同效应显著提高了其催化活性.     

Response Factor Correction for Estimation of Ester Content in Biodiesel

EN 14103 is generally used for quantification of ester content in biodiesel free of heptadecanoate ester (C17:0) or methyl nonadecanoate (C19:0), which are employed as internal standards. It was observed that ester content obtained by EN 14103 method did not match with theoretical value of biodiesel, as the method did not take care of response factors of each component to compensate for changes in detector sensitivities. In this study, the whole range of fatty acid (C₆–C_24:1) methyl esters have been taken into consideration for the calculation of the ester content. Methyl nonadecanoate (C19:0) was used as an internal standard. The response factors of both the saturated and unsaturated methyl esters in the range C₆–C_24:1 were estimated and found in the range 0.97–1.16. The ester content was calculated after applying the response factors of each methyl ester. The results obtained by this method agreed well with the theoretical value as compared to estimated value using EN14103 method. The results obtained from this method also show good correlation (R ² = 0.98) with ¹H-NMR method. Further, this method does not depend on nature of biodiesel feed stock and is applicable to all methyl biodiesel samples obtained from different raw materials.     

HPLC法测定头孢呋辛酯中高分子聚合物含量

目的考察高效液相测定法用于头孢呋辛酯中高分子聚合物测定的可行性。方法色谱柱:聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物的填充色谱柱,检测波长:280 nm,进样量:20μL;流动相:0.032 mol/L Li Br溶液;流量为0.30 m L·min-1。结果头孢呋辛酯色谱条件经方法学考察均符合要求,在0.005 4~1.532 2 mg·m L-1范围内,溶液质量浓度与聚合物峰面积呈线性相关,回归方程为:y=64 217 x-41 214(r=0.999 6)。结论头孢呋辛酯中高分子聚合物浓度可用高效液相色谱的方法测定,所采用的方法准确可靠,可考虑用于头孢呋辛酯及其类似物的高分子聚合物测定。     

西红花酸二甲酯电子吸收光谱与热力学性质的理论研究

使用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,对西红花酸二甲酯的结构、电子吸收光谱、热力学性质进行理论计算研究,并基于Tomasi的极化统一场模型(PCM)讨论溶剂效应.结果显示,溶剂对西红花酸二甲酯的前线分子轨道特征几乎无影响,溶剂作用使该分子的最大吸收波长红移约42 nm,红移程度与溶剂极性无关.西红花酸二甲酯分子的气态热力学性质与温度的关系式分别为:Cm p=189.782+0.925T,S m=457.503+1.366T,H m=1164.899+0.195T+4.671×10-4T2,Gm=1164.899-0.263T-8.989×10-4T2.298 K时,西红花酸二甲酯分子的气态标准摩尔生成焓和标准摩尔生成自由能分别为-1180.67和-733.23 kJ·mol-1.     

微波辅助法合成Hantzsch酯

以芳香醛、乙酰丙酮及碳酸氢铵为原料,固载路易斯酸蒙脱土为催化剂,通过微波辅助法催化合成了5个Hantzsch酯类化合物,其结构经¹H NMR和IR确证。考察了催化剂、溶剂、温度、时间和氮源对产率的影响。结果表明：反应温度60 ℃,微波辐照时间10 min, n(芳香醛) :n(乙酰乙酸乙酯) :n(碳酸氢铵)=2.0:2.0:1.0,氯化镍固载蒙脱土为催化剂（10%）,产率高达97.8%。     

Glutathione Isopropyl Ester Reduces UVB-lnduced Skin Damage in Hairless Mice

Abstract— The protective effect of administration of glutathione (GSH) isopropyl ester on photodamage, such as lipid peroxidation, inflammation and tumorigenesis induced by UV exposure (290–400 nm, max. 312 nm), was investigated using hairless mice. Pretreatment with 20 mg/kg GSH isopropyl ester prevented the increases of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) formation in skin and serum sialic acid, indices of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory reaction, respectively, which were caused by a single dose (15 kj/m²) of UV irradiation. The level of epidermal GSH in skins of the GSH ester-treated mice was maintained within normal limits. When mice were exposed to UV at a dose of 2 kj/m², three times weekly, skin tumors developed in all of them after 25 weeks. The formation of skin tumors was significantly inhibited by administration of 10 mg/kg GSH ester prior to each UV irradiation for 25 weeks. Moreover, the increases of cutaneous TBARS and serum sialic acid in the tumor-bearing mice were also prevented by continuous pretreatment with GSH ester. Even after 24 weeks, the epidermal GSH content of the pretreated mice was mostly retained compared to nonirradiated mice. However, administration of GSH prior to acute or chronic UV irradiation had no effect on the UV-induced damage. The present results suggest that the protection from photo-damage afforded by pretreatment with GSH ester is due to maintenance of a normal GSH level.     

Application of Pac Ester in Thioester Method for the Synthesis of Cyclopentapeptides

Thioester method for the synthesis of cyclopeptides is improved by using Pac (Pac = phenacyl, CH2COC6Hs) ester as a protecting group of 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The Pac group is easy to be removed from C-terminal with zinc in acetic acid. The protected glycine thioester and peptide thioesters synthesized by the improved method, are easy to be purified, so the final linear peptides are pure enough for the following cyclization. Furthermore, this method is flexible for peptide chain elongation,either from C-termlnal or from N.terminal. So it is an efficient and practical method for synthesis of bioactive peptides. Two N-protected pentapeptide thioesters, Boc-Pro-Tyr-Leu-Ala-GIySCH2CH2COOPac and Boc-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Gly-SCH2CH2COOPac were synthesized by the improved thloester method.After deprotecting Pac ester with zinc in aqueous acetic acid and Boc group with trifluoroacetic acid in CH2C12, two free pentapeptide tldoesters were obtained. Ag^ -assisted cyclization in acetate buffered solution afforded two cyclic pentapeptides c(Pro-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Gly) and c(Ala-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Gly).Effects of different buffer pH, different Ag^ concentrations, etc. on the cyclization were studied.     

脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的气相色谱分析

用0.5 mol/L KOH乙醇溶液水解脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物(FMEO),酯键断裂,其疏水基甲 酯化、亲水基硅醚化后分别用气相色谱法测定其组成,并采用峰面积归一化法进行了组分的 定量。成功测定了各种FMEO样品的疏水基组成和环氧乙烷(EO)加成数分布,方法简单,重复性 好,尤其是对原料为混碳脂肪酸甲酯的FMEO更有意义。