SDM－1型耐硫催化剂甲烷化反应动力学Ⅱ．宏观动力学模型

本文以工业应用为目的，采用内循环无梯度反应器，在５７３～６７３Ｋ，０．３０～１．２０ＭＰａ的条件下，原料气组成为Ｈ＿２５０～５４％，ＣＯ１１．７～２０．７％，ＣＨ＿４２．１～１４．３％，ＣＯ＿２６．４～１１．５％，Ｎ＿２１２．２～１８．１％范围内，研究了φ５×３ｍｍＳＤＭ－１型城市煤气耐硫甲烷化催化剂的宏观动力学方程。选择ＣＯ＋３Ｈ＿２＝ＣＨ＿４＋Ｈ＿２Ｏ（１）ＣＯ＋Ｈ＿２Ｏ＝ＣＯ＿２＋Ｈ＿２（２）为系统的独立反应，获得了可靠的动力学模型，井讨论了反应条件对甲烷化反应效率因子的影响。     

甲烷单加氧酶的催化机理

研究了来源于Ｍｅｔｈｙｌｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．ＧＹＪ３菌的甲烷单加氧酶（ＭＭＯ）催化机理，结果表明，用还原剂处理基于酶可得么不同还原态的羟基化酶，其中全还原态的羟基化酶具有ＭＭＯ催化活性，还原酶和调节蛋白单独存在的均没有ＭＭＯ活性，确定了羟基化酶组分是ＭＭＯ的催化活性中心，用紫外光谱法证实了ＮＡＤＨ和还原酶之间的相互作用，即还原酶接受ＮＡＤＨ的电子，使氧化态的ＦＡＤ转化为还原态的ＦＡＤ，ＭＭＯ的电子传     

THE RETENTION BEHAVIOR OF ARSENIC COMPOUNDS ON PRP-X100 COLUMN UNDER ALKALINE CONDITION

系统地研究了碱性条件下（ｐＨ８～１０．８）Ａｓ３＋，Ａｓ５＋，ＭＡ，ＤＭＡ和ＡＢ等砷化合物在ＰＲＰ－Ｘ１００阴离子交换柱上的保留行为。用火焰原子吸收光谱（ＦＡＡＳ）测定从ＨＰＬＣ分离的砷化合物，即通过一根１ｍ×０．２３ｍｍｉ．ｄ．不锈钢毛细管，将ＨＰＬＣ柱出口与ＦＡＡＳ的雾化器连接起来，采用乙炔／空气火焰，在１９３．７ｎｍ处测定。具体研究了两个流动相（２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３和２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ对－羟基苯甲酸－１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ苯甲酸水溶液），并系统研究了ｐＨ值和缓冲液浓度对上述５个砷化合物的保留时间的影响，发现对于２０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３体系，在ｐＨ８．７时，ＡＢ，Ａｓ３＋，ＤＭＡ可以得到完全分离，通过梯度洗提（ｐＨ８．７到９．８，流速１．６５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ），在１５ｍｉｎ内上述５个砷化合物可以得到良好分离；对于２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ对－羟基苯甲酸－１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ苯甲酸体系，在ｐＨ９．０及流速１．５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ时，可以在１２ｍｉｎ内将上述５个砷化合物分离。     

苯酚氧化羰化合成碳酸二苯酯的新型PdCl2-Co(Pyca)2催化体系

研究了新型的Ｐｄ－Ｃｏ催化体系催化氧化碳化苯酚合成碳酸二苯酯。当ｎ（ＰｄＣｌ２）：ｎ「Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）」：ｎ（四丁基化铵）：ｎ（苯醌）＝１：１：１０：２５,Ｔ＝１２０,Ｐ＝２．５ＭＰａ（Ｐｃｏ／Ｐｏ２＝４：１）,反应时间８ｈ,ＰｄＣｌ２－Ｃｏ（Ｐｙｃａ）２比ＰｄＣｌ２－Ｃｏ（ＯＡｃ）２的催化活性高。当使用ＰｄＣｌ２－Ｃｏ（Ｐｙｃａ）２催化剂时,ＤＰＣ的产率为６．０３％。最佳的反应温度是１２０℃,ＤＰＣ的产率随着体系的总压增加而增大,当压力升到３．５ＭＰａ时,ＤＰＣ产率为８．５３％。     

在Li2O／MgO上以脉冲法研究甲烷氧化偶联

在Ｌｉ_２Ｏ／ＭｇＯ上以脉冲法研究甲烷氧化偶联戚蕴石，卫上方（华东理工大学工业催化研究所，上海，２００２３７）关键词甲烷氧化偶联，晶格氧，脉冲法对甲烷氧化偶联（ＯＣＭ）的研究已有较多报道［１～４］，对其反应机理的研究亦取得了较大的进展．Ｏｔｓｕｋａ［?..     

1—（5‘—甲氧羰基—2’—羟基苯甲酰基（—1—（2‘—甲氧苯甲酰基）甲烷与Ac2O和HC...

邻羟基二苯甲酰基甲烷与Ａｃ２Ｏ和ＨＣ（ＯＥｔ）３反应通常是ＨＣ（ＯＥｔ）３作为酰化剂，得到３－苯甲酰基色酮。本文报道５－甲氧羰基－２－羟基苯甲酰基－（２＇－甲氧苯甲酰基）甲烷与Ａｃ２Ｏ和ＨＣ（ＯＥｔ）ｓ反应时，是Ａｃ２Ｏ而不是ＨＣ（ＯＥｔ）作为酰化剂，生成３－苯甲酰基－２－甲基色酮。其结构经ＮＭＲ、ＭＳ、ＩＲ和ＥＡ证实。并对其反应机理作了讨论。     

微量热法研究黄嘌呤氧化酶反应

在热导工热量计双参数理论模型的基础上，建立了较快酶仲反应研究的双参数初始速度法的热动力学模型，用微量热法研究了黄嘌呤氧化酶催化氧化黄嘌呤的热动力学，该较快酶促反应遵循Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ这，在２９８．１５Ｋ和ＰＨ＝７．５时，其米氏常数为１．０４×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１，与文献结果相符。     

甲烷直接氧化制甲醇：Ⅱ.催化膜反应器（CMR）

采用溶胶－凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ）法制备了微孔结构均匀的“ＳｉＯ２／陶瓷”膜和“Ｍｏ－Ｃｏ－Ｏ／ＳｉＯ２／陶瓷”催化功能膜，并用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ和孔径测定等技术进行了表征。在常压，５００～７００℃的条件下，在催化膜反应器（ＣＭＲ）中考察了甲烷氧化制甲醇的反应。在相似的反应条件下（转化率为１．０％），用ＣＭＲ（甲醇选择性１?．２％）可获得较固定床反应器（甲醇选择性４．５％）高得多的甲醇选择性。     

Ni／Al2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

研究了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气的反应性能．结果表明，催化剂在其活性组份Ｎｉ为１０％时反应性能最好．条件实验表明，在６００～９００℃范围内，甲烷转化率和ＣＯ、Ｈ２的选择性随温度升高而增加；转化率和选择性在甲烷空速≤１．５×１０５ｈ－１时基本不变，空速＞１．５×１０５ｈ－１时，转化率和选择性有所下降．随着压力的增加（０．０５～０．４０ＭＰａ），转化率和选择性下降．ＳＥＭ和化学分析结果证明在反应过程中，Ｎｉ组份存在烧结和流失现象．     

Nd（ClO_4）_3和Er（ClO_4）_3与α－双（苯基亚砜）甲烷配合物的

研究了Ｎｄ（ＣｌＯ４）３·ｎＨ２Ｏ－ｂｐｈｓｍ［双（苯基亚砜）甲烷１体系（甲醇－氯仿１：２）和Ｅｒ（ＣｌＯ４）３·ｎＨ２Ｏ－ｂｐｈｓｍ体系（甲醇－氯仿１：２）的电子光谱。分析了在可见光区内，ｆ一ｆ跃迁的强度和强度参数，并从Ｎｄ３＋和Ｅｒ３＋的超灵敏跃迁的振子强度和强度参数Ｔ２与配体ｂｐｈｓｍ浓度的关系，指出了体系中Ｎｄ与ｂｐｈｓｍ形成１：２．５的物种和Ｅｒ３＋与ｂｐｈｓｍ形成１：２的物种。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).