旋风分离器减阻杆结构及减阻前后流场的测定与分析

报告了在旋风分离器内安装不同断面形状及尺寸的细杆（简称减阻杆）后对流动阻力降低及安装减阻杆前后旋风分离器内流场变化的测定结果，得出了减阻幅度与减阻杆插入长度和迎风面积及背风面曲率半径成正比、减阻杆使切向速度及轴向速度梯度减小、径向上静压梯度减小和轴向上逆压梯度减小等结论．本文同时对减阻杆的减阻机理及减阻时保证分离效率或提高分离效率的原因进行了分析．     

减阻杆气动阻尼研究

基于模态数据和准定常理论,建立了减阻盘-杆-后体这一弹性结构的气动阻尼分析方法;通过刚性模型的动导数风洞试验获得气动阻尼以验证方法可靠性后,计算分析了减阻杆结构在指定工况的气动阻尼特性. 结果表明: 所建方法可用于减阻杆系统的气动阻尼计算;计算工况的气动阻尼值均为正值,对减阻杆系统的振动起抑制作用;存在产生负气动阻尼的影响因素,各项因素对气动阻尼影响的量值有所不同,有待进一步研究.      

RESEARCH OF AERO-DAMPING FOR BLUNT WITH SPIKE

基于模态数据和准定常理论,建立了减阻盘-杆-后体这一弹性结构的气动阻尼分析方法;通过刚性模型的动导数风洞试验获得气动阻尼以验证方法可靠性后,计算分析了减阻杆结构在指定工况的气动阻尼特性. 结果表明： 所建方法可用于减阻杆系统的气动阻尼计算;计算工况的气动阻尼值均为正值,对减阻杆系统的振动起抑制作用;存在产生负气动阻尼的影响因素,各项因素对气动阻尼影响的量值有所不同,有待进一步研究.     

应用PIV技术研究重力式油,气,水分离器的内部流场

重力式油、气、水三相分离器在边际油田开发、处理量不大且油井分布分散的油田开发等方面得到了广泛的应用,文中利用ＰＩＶ技术重点测试分离器内部流场,得到流动死区、旋涡区、流动“短路”等现象,并分析其对分离效率的影响,提出从底部进料、均匀化流速等改进措施．     

电磁力控制翼型绕流分离的增升减阻效率研究

电磁力可有效对流体流动进行控制,增升减阻,抑制流动分离,制约其推广应用的瓶颈为控制效率问题.为提高其控制效率,基于翼型绕流的电磁力控制,对电磁力增升减阻的控制效率问题进行数值研究. 根据能量守恒定律,推导电磁力控制能耗的比,基于升力和阻力计算节省能量. 定义电磁力的控制效率为能量节省与电磁力控制所需能耗的比值,研究不同工况下电磁力增升减阻的控制效率. 发现在控制开始阶段,电磁力能量主要消耗在增加边界层流体的动能上,电磁力控制效率非常低,但电磁力控制效率会随着电磁力工作时间的增长而增加;电磁力控制效率随着来流速度的增加呈指数下降;通过增加电磁力激活板的输入能量可增强电磁力的控制效果,但无法明显增加其控制效率.      

粘性减阻技术及其应用

本文综述了几种粘性减阻方法及其减阻的机理，联系了其在水相、油相中节约能源、材料，提高速度和效率等方面的应用     

简化旋风分离器的流场计算

旋风分离器流场的实验测定及理论计算,是研究其分离过程达到合理设计的重要组成部分,迄今关于流场的理论计算是十分缺乏的,Bloor及Ingham针对锥形水旋风分离器作了锥形容器内旋转流动计算,他们用理想流体模式计算了涡核区外的流场,在涡核区内用常涡旋粘性系数及混合长的模式计算了切向速度分量的分布,本文中,我们     

静电旋风分离器气相流场的数值模拟

对一内部安装电晕极的切向进口旋风分离器,以三维贴体坐标为基础,应用Bradshaw的修正k-ε湍流模型,用非交错的SIMPLE算法对静电旋风分离器的气相流场进行求解,计算结果与实验结果进行了对比。分析了电晕极的不同安装位置对旋风分离器流场的影响。从流场的角度来看,电晕极安装在筒体与排气管之间并靠近排气管的位置有利于提高静电旋风分离器的分离效率。     

逆向喷流流场模态分析及减阻特性研究

逆向喷流减阻的基本原理是利用逆向高速喷流与飞行器绕流的相互作用，使飞行器周围的流场结构发生变化，致使飞行器的气动特性发生改变，从而改善飞行器的气动性能。利用数值模拟方法对轴对称球头、截锥的逆向喷流流场开展了研究，考虑了高温非平衡化学反应对流场的影响。模拟了球头和截锥在不同总压比时流场不同的模态：长穿透流模态（LPM）和短穿透流模态（SPM），得到了不同模态下钝体表面压力、气动力系数和不同模态之间转换的瞬态效应．简单分析了喷流在减阻方面的应用，给出了几个喷口参数与减阻效率之间的关系，提出了喷流减阻工程应用时应考虑的主要因素。     

圆环管煤粉浓淡分离器内气固二相流动的数值计算

本文用数值模拟的方法模拟分离器内两相流流场，能成功地确定挡环角度的最佳值和分离环位置的最佳值，对工程应用有一定的意义．给出了气固两相模拟的结果，并与实验结果作了比较，其分布趋势是一致的．     

A separated flow model for predicting two-phase pressure drop and evaporative heat transfer for vertical annular flow

A separated flow model has been developed that is applicable to vertical annular two-phase flow in the purely convective heat transfer regime. Conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are used to solve for the liquid film thickness, pressure drop, and heat transfer coefficient. Closure relationships are specified for the interfacial friction factor, liquid film eddy-viscosity, turbulent Prandtl number, and entrainment rate. Although separated flow models have been reported previously, their use has been limited, because they were tested over a limited range of flow and thermal conditions. The unique feature of this model is that it has been tested and calibrated against a vast array of two-phase pressure drop and heat transfer data, which include upflow, downflow, and microgravity flow conditions. The agreements between the measured and predicted pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients are, on average, better or comparable to the most reliable empirical correlations. This separated flow model is demonstrated to be a reliable and practical predictive tool for computing two-phase pressure drop and heat transfer rates. All of the datasets have been obtained from the open literature.     

Experimental investigation on the distribution uniformity and pressure drop of perforated plate distributors for the innovative spray-type packed bed thermal storage

As an innovative thermal energy technology, the spray-type packed bed has advantages of high efficiency and low cost. A liquid distributor is the key component for the spray-type packed bed for scattering heat-transfer liquid drops evenly. In this study, the distribution performance and pressure drop of the perforated plate distributors of different orifice diameters were studied experimentally. The experimental results indicate that orifice diameter has a greater effect on the distribution performance compared to flow rate. With an increase in flow rate, the flow pattern through the distributor changes from the uncovered drop to the covered drop and then to the jet flow. The covered drop pattern shows the best performance with a good distribution and a small pressure drop simultaneously, which is the design and optimization principle of the distributor for a spray-type packed bed.     

Two-phase pressure drop and flooding characteristics in a horizontal-vertical pulsed sieve-plate column

In this paper, an experimental investigation on the two-phase pressure drop has been carried out in a novel class of extractors entitled "horizontal-vertical pulsed sieve-plate column". The liquid-liquid systems used in this work are toluene–water, n-butyl acetate–water and butanol-water. The effects of operating parameters including the dispersed and continuous phases flow rates and pulsation intensity on total pressure drop under and at the flooding points have been studied. It is achieved that the pressure drop is strongly affected by the continuous and dispersed flow rates as well as pulsation intensity. In fact, the column experiences higher pressure drop with an increase in the values of Af, Q _c and Q _d. The interfacial tension is a physical property which has significant impact on pressure drop. Two theoretical-experimental correlations for prediction of pressure drop under and at the flooding in the column, and one correlation for maximum throughput are proposed by using dimensional analysis method with Average Absolute Relative Error (AARE) values of 2.15%, 3.56 and 6.85% respectively. Moreover, a particular approach for preventing flooding in pulsed extraction columns is developed based on evaluation of pressure drop through the column length.     

Flow regimes and two-phase pressure gradient in horizontal straight tubes: Experimental results for HFO-1234yf, R-134a and R-410A

Two-phase flow regime visualizations of HFO-1234yf and R-134a in a 6.70 mm inner diameter glass straight tube have been simultaneous investigated by top and side views with a high speed high resolution camera. No major difference was observed between both refrigerants. HFO-1234yf flow regimes were satisfactorily predicted by the Wojtan et al. [1] flow pattern map. In addition, 819 pressure drop data points measured during two-phase flow of refrigerants HFO-1234yf, R-134a and R-410A in horizontal straight tubes are presented. The tube diameter (D) varies from 7.90 to 10.85 mm. The mass velocity ranges from 187 to 1702 kg m⁻² s⁻¹ and the saturation temperatures from 4.8 °C to 20.7 °C. The results are compared against 10 well-known two-phase frictional pressure drop prediction methods. For the entire database, the best accuracy is given by the method of Müller-Steinhagen and Heck [2] with around 90% of the data predicted within a ±30% error band. An analysis was carried out on the maximum pressure gradient and on the corresponding vapor quality. A statistical analysis for each flow regime was also carried out.     

Experimental and numerical study of a gas cyclone with a central filter

This paper studies a novel gas cyclone with a cylindrical filter face installed in the center from the vortex finder to the bottom hopper. The experimental results show that this composite cyclone has a higher collection efficiency and a lower pressure drop than the original cyclone. The mechanisms for the improvement are analyzed by both physical experiments and numerical simulations. By measuring dust samples collected at different places it is revealed that the center filter can prevent fine particles from entering the inner vortex and escaping, which accounts for the increase of the collection efficiency. In addition, the flow field of the composite cyclone is simulated by computational fluid dynamics and compared with that of the original cyclone. The analysis shows that with the filter layer installed, the swirling flow disappears in the vortex finder, which decreases the kinetic energy dissipation and hence lowers the pressure drop.     

Metal Foam Heat Exchangers for Heat Transfer Augmentation from a Cylinder in Cross-Flow

A numerical study has been conducted to examine the heat transfer from a metal foam-wrapped solid cylinder in cross-flow. Effects of the key parameters including the free stream velocity and characteristics of metal foam such as porosity, permeability, and form drag coefficient on heat and fluid flow are examined. Being a determining factor in pressure drop and heat transfer increment, the porous layer thickness is changed systematically to observe that there is an optimum layer thickness beyond which the heat transfer does not improve while the pressure drop continues to increase. This has been verified by the application of Bejan’s Intersection of Asymptotes method. Results have been compared to those of a finned-tube heat exchanger to observe much higher heat transfer rate with reasonable excess pressure drop leading to a higher area goodness factor for metal foam-wrapped cylinder.     

Semi-analytical and computational investigation of different dust loading structures affecting the performance of a fibrous air filter

In this study, a semi-analytical model was developed to illustrate the relationship between filtration performance (filtration efficiency and pressure drop) and dust loading under two different particle deposit structures based on theoretical analysis and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technology. Under the compact deposit structure, within the practical parameter ranges (fiber diameter, air velocity, dust loading mass), a slight efficiency enhancement (∼10%) occurred at the most penetration particle size (MPPS) and pressure drop increased significantly (∼100%) in response to the solidity increase from 5% to 15%. However, under the dendritic particle deposit structure, both filtration efficiency (∼40%) and pressure drop (∼600%) increased significantly with the same solidity increase due to the larger air velocity and swerve change between fibers.     

Semi-analytical and computational investigation of different dust loading structures affecting the performance of a fibrous air filter

In this study, a semi-analytical model was developed to illustrate the relationship between filtration performance （filtration efficiency and pressure drop） and dust loading under two different particle deposit structures based on theoretical analysis and computational fluid dynamic （CFD） technology. Under the compact deposit structure, within the practical parameter ranges （fiber diameter, air velocity, dust loading mass）, a slight efficiency enhancement （∽10%） occurred at the most penetration particle size （MPPS） and pressure drop increased significantly （∽100%） in response to the solidity increase from 5% to 15%. However, under the dendritic particle deposit structure, both filtration efficiency （∽40%） and pressure drop （4600%） increased significantly with the same solidity increase due to the larger air velocity and swerve change between fibers.     

Studies on low viscous oil-water flow through return bends

In the present work, investigations have been carried out on the hydrodynamics of kerosene-water flow through return bends connecting two horizontal conduits. Extensive experiments are performed on two bend geometry (U and rectangular) and three flow directions through the bend (up, down and horizontal flow). It is observed that bend geometry has a strong influence on the downstream phase distribution while the direction of flow through the bend does not significantly affect the same. The pressure drop has been observed to be higher in the rectangular as compared to the U bend. The loss coefficients have been estimated for each of the cases. They have been found to be independent of flow patterns for all cases. Two different pressure drop correlations have also been proposed for each bend geometry to estimate liquid-liquid pressure drop across bend.