旋风分离器压力损失及减阻杆的研究

本文介绍通过安装旋风分离器减阻杆前后压力损失及分离效率的测定，了解减阻杆对分离器性能的影响．根据流场测定结果，分析了减阻杆的减阻机理及减阻杆减阻时可保证分离效率的原因．     

旋风分离器减阻杆结构及减阻前后流场的测定与分析

报告了在旋风分离器内安装不同断面形状及尺寸的细杆（简称减阻杆）后对流动阻力降低及安装减阻杆前后旋风分离器内流场变化的测定结果，得出了减阻幅度与减阻杆插入长度和迎风面积及背风面曲率半径成正比、减阻杆使切向速度及轴向速度梯度减小、径向上静压梯度减小和轴向上逆压梯度减小等结论．本文同时对减阻杆的减阻机理及减阻时保证分离效率或提高分离效率的原因进行了分析．     

简化旋风分离器的流场计算

旋风分离器流场的实验测定及理论计算,是研究其分离过程达到合理设计的重要组成部分,迄今关于流场的理论计算是十分缺乏的,Bloor及Ingham针对锥形水旋风分离器作了锥形容器内旋转流动计算,他们用理想流体模式计算了涡核区外的流场,在涡核区内用常涡旋粘性系数及混合长的模式计算了切向速度分量的分布,本文中,我们     

立式水膜旋风分离器的除尘效率

本文讨论了立式水膜旋风分离器的除尘效率问题.报告了用立式水膜旋风分离器取代两台普通旋风分离器,较大地提高除尘效率的实验检测结果.实测表明,立式水膜旋风分离器的除尘效率在97%以上,可使烟尘排放浓度远优于国家一类地区环境标准.     

面向主给水系统的流动调整器整流性能数值研究

针对某核电站主给水系统低负荷时文丘里流量计测值虚高所提出的流场改善需求，利用计算流体力学方法结合SST k–ω湍流模型，研究安装流动调整器时的流场特征和整流性能。首先分别对流场未安装和安装栅格（AMCA）调整器及不同结构参数的孔板调整器进行三维建模和计算，获得不同调整器对流场速度、压力、流场均匀度及流量计流出系数的影响，对比不同调整器对旁路支管所致流速畸变的整流性能，并确定选用孔板调整器的构型。其次改变调整器安装位置，对比安装位置对流场速度分布、阻力损失、均匀度改善及流量计流出系数的影响。三是针对满负荷大流量工况，将调整器与不同开度的主调节阀耦合建模，计算调整器所致额外压力损失，分析阀门开度与整流器压力损失的关系。获得的调整器构型和安装位置等参数的影响规律可为核电站主给水系统解决同类问题时的流动调整器选型和安装提供参考。     

翼吊布局民机发动机短舱位置优化研究

利用CFD的方法,对某民机进行短舱安装位置的优化分析。在对全机进行粘性绕流数值模拟的基础上,分析了前伸量和下沉量变化对机翼附近流场的干扰以及对全机气动性能的影响。短舱安装位置的优化选择在以巡航状态高升阻比为主要目标的同时,兼顾低速状态气动特性,分析计算了短舱位置变化对低速翼面流动分离特征的影响。计算分析结果表明：在所选的状态内,短舱前移和下移会降低高速状态的干扰阻力,并增加低速状态内侧翼面分离趋势,得出的规律性结论对工程应用具有一定的指导意义。     

带制退器的膛口射流噪声数值模拟与实验研究

为了研究膛口装置对膛口噪声气动特性的影响，对带膛口制退器的某小口径武器的膛口射流噪声进行了数值模拟和实验研究。采用计算流体力学CFD (computational fluid dynamics)-计算气动声学CAA (computational aeroacoustics)耦合算法对膛口噪声进行数值模拟，即对膛口流场进行瞬态CFD模拟，获取流场数据，然后利用所得到的结果采用声学方程模拟声源信息求解声场。基于数值模拟结果，分析了膛口流场变化及噪声的指向性分布，并与实验结果进行了对比。研究表明:膛口制退器的安装改变了膛口流场结构，影响了膛口射流噪声的指向性分布。计算结果与实验结果的误差小于9%，验证了该计算方法的可行性。研究结果可为膛口射流噪声的预测及膛口制退器的设计提供一定的参考。     

一种层流翼型附面层流动的数值模拟和实验研究

论文通过数值模拟方法对NACA6412层流翼型的低速绕流特性进行了研究,采用修正的BaldwinLomax湍流模型对来流速度为25m/s、8°迎角时翼型的流场、背风区的速度型分布、不同弦向位置附面层厚度的变化规律以及转捩位置进行了模拟,数值模拟结果与风洞实验结果具有一定的相关性.     

斜置IMU两位置零位调试算法（英文）

相对于传统正交安装方式,斜置IMU使得惯性测量信息具有更好的可观测性,却为零位辨识增加了难度。针对斜置安装方式的特殊性,提出了斜置IMU两位置零位调试算法。该算法只需选用2个位置,即可估算出IMU的零位。由于同时考虑了安装误差,理论上具有较高的精度,验证试验结果也表明,"两位置"法与"24位置"法精度相当。该算法可以对零位进行便捷调试,已经在工程中推广应用。     

基于匀速率26位置法的iIMU-FSAS光纤陀螺仪标定

针对iIMU-FSAS光纤陀螺仪静态26位置法标定结果无法收敛的问题,提出了由外框轴提供稳定转速的匀速率26位置法标定方案,从理论上与静态26位置法进行了对比分析;采用该方法对i IMU-FSAS陀螺仪进行了多天的标定实验,结合静态26位置法有限次迭代的结果,对匀速率26位置法标定参数(零偏、标度因数和安装误差)的合理性和重复性等进行了分析。结果表明:与静态26位置法相比,匀速率26位置法的标定结果不仅能够收敛,且标定结果合理、性能稳定。     

Effect of inlet volute wrap angle on the flow field and performance of double inlet gas cyclones

In response to the divergent understanding of double inlet cyclone performance in the literature, the effect of inlet volute wrap angle on the performance and flow field of double inlet cyclone separator was studied by Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method. The results showed that the inlet volute wrap angle can affect the comparison results of the single and double inlet gas cyclones with the same total inlet cross-sectional area and velocity. 0° and 90° volute double inlet improved the efficiency mainly by separating particles below 10 μm, while 180° volute double inlet had no separation advantage for any particles, so the symmetrical double inlet does not always improve the efficiency, and the appropriate inlet volute wrap angle should be selected according to the actual situation, otherwise, the expected performance requirements of the symmetrical double inlet cyclone cannot be achieved. Compared with the flow field, it is found that the inlet volute wrap angle changed the tangential velocity of the symmetrical double inlet cyclone separator, thus changing the performance.     

Confined and Agitated Swirling Flows with Applications in Chemical Engineering

Turbulent, swirling flows are encountered frequently in chemical engineering practice. In this article, experiments and simulations on two classes of swirling flows, viz. agitated flows (stirred tanks), and confined swirling flows are discussed. Results of large-eddy simulations of stirred tank flow are compared with experimental data, mainly phase-resolved LDA data of the flow in the vicinity of the impeller. Next to the average velocity field, also the turbulent kinetic energy, and the anisotropy of the Reynolds stress tensor have been assessed. An important application of confined swirling flow is the cyclone separator (hydrocyclones for the separation of liquids, gas cyclones for gas-solid separation). The flow in a swirl tube geometry exhibiting many of the typical features of swirl flows (e.g. vortex breakdown) is discussed. Furthermore, a large-eddy simulation of the gas flow in a high-efficiency Stairmand cyclone separator is presented. Two examples of process modeling based on flow simulations are briefly treated: orthokinetic agglomeration of crystals in a stirred tank, and particle separation in a cyclone. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the effect of the nozzle design on the performances of gas–liquid cylindrical cyclone separators

This paper constitutes an experimental study of the separation performances of a gas–liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC) separator that interests the oil industry. The global hydrodynamics behavior in the GLCC is characterized by flow visualization under various inflow operating conditions. The effect of the inlet nozzle design on the performances of the separator is studied by using three different nozzles, and it proves to be a key parameter. With an insufficient nozzle restriction, low swirl intensity is imparted to the flow. Due to inadequate centrifugal effects, liquid is prematurely carried over by the gas as flooding occurs in the separator upper part. High amounts of gas are also carried under by the liquid stream. On the other hand, with a too severe nozzle convergence, the important drag applied by the gas leads to liquid “short circuiting” the cyclone toward the gas outlet. In addition to the nozzle design, the separator performances are influenced by phenomena such as liquid bridging or the occurrence of the slug flow regime at the cyclone inlet. This paper leads to a better understanding of the links between the hydrodynamics in the GLCC and its operational limits, which is necessary to enable reliable scaling up tools.     

Numerical simulation of a dense solid particle flow inside a cyclone separator using the hybrid Euler–Lagrange approach

This paper presents a numerical simulation of the flow inside a cyclone separator at high particle loads. The gas and gas–particle flows were analyzed using a commercial computational fluid dynamics code. The turbulence effects inside the separator were modeled using the Reynolds stress model. The two phase gas–solid particles flow was modeled using a hybrid Euler–Lagrange approach, which accounts for the four-way coupling between phases. The simulations were performed for three inlet velocities of the gaseous phase and several cyclone mass particle loadings. Moreover, the influences of several submodel parameters on the calculated results were investigated. The obtained results were compared against experimental data collected at the in-house experimental rig. The cyclone pressure drop evaluated numerically underpredicts the measured values. The possible reason of this discrepancies was disused.     

Flow behavior of high-temperature flue gas in the heat transfer chamber of a pilot-scale coal-water slurry combustion furnace

The flow characteristics of high-temperature flue gas are important in the heat transfer of coal-water slurry（CWS） combustion furnaces.The flow field of a 250 kg/h vertical-type slag tap cyclone furnace was non-intrusively investigated,using two-dimensional particle-image velocimetry（2D PIV）.The method was verified using traceable fly ash particles in high-temperature flue gas.The flow field of the flue gas was analyzed with a time-averaged method,based on which the effects of excess air ratio and loading were investigated.The flue gas separated by a gas separator maintained good rigidity near the furnace wall,rather than eroding the heating surface.Numerical simulations validated the reliability of PIV under the actual circumstances within the furnace.This study provides guidelines for applying 2D PIV in analyzing flue gas in thermal test boilers.     

Flow behavior of high-temperature flue gas in the heat transfer chamber of a pilot-scale coal-water slurry combustion furnace

The flow characteristics of high-temperature flue gas are important in the heat transfer of coal-water slurry (CWS) combustion furnaces. The flow field of a 250 kg/h vertical-type slag tap cyclone furnace was non-intrusively investigated, using two-dimensional particle-image velocimetry (2D PIV). The method was verified using traceable fly ash particles in high-temperature flue gas. The flow field of the flue gas was analyzed with a time-averaged method, based on which the effects of excess air ratio and loading were investigated. The flue gas separated by a gas separator maintained good rigidity near the furnace wall, rather than eroding the heating surface. Numerical simulations validated the reliability of PIV under the actual circumstances within the furnace. This study provides guidelines for applying 2D PIV in analyzing flue gas in thermal test boilers.     

ANALYSIS ON CYCLONE COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

In order to predict the influence of operating temperature on cyclone performance, an experimental investigation on particle separation was conducted in a 300 mm diameter, tangential volute-inlet and reverse flow cy-clone separator with air heated up to 973 K. The test powder silica has a mean mass diameter of 10 microns and the inlet velocity ranges from 12 m.s-1 to 36 m-s-1. Both the overall efficiency and fractionai efficiency of the cyclone were measured as a function of the inlet velocity and operating temperature. It is shown that at the same inlet velocity both the overall efficiency and fractionai efficiency decrease with an increase of temperature. An analysis of our own data and published results has shown that the fractionai efficiency of a cyclone is a defmite function of such dimensioniess numbers as Stokes number, Reynolds number, Froude number and dimensioniess cyclone inlet area and dimensioniess outlet diameter. A nondimensionai experimental correlation of the cyclone performance, inclu     

“Ion wind”, a gas-dynamic flow in the corona discharge,and its interaction with the external flow

The “ion wind”, a gas-dynamic flow in the corona discharge that arises owing to transfer of the ion component momentum to the neutral particles of an initially stationary gas, and its interaction with the external flow perpendicular to it are studied. A physico-mathematical model of the flows considered is proposed and the corresponding equations are analyzed numerically. The boundary conditions used for the electric quantities approximately model the conditions in the negative corona discharge between a thin corona-forming electrode and a plane grid electrode transparent to the gas.     

Characterization of the PVC phenomena in the exhaust of a cyclone dust separator

A laboratory scale cyclone dust separator with swirl numbers varying from 3.043 to 1.790 was used to examine the effects of different downstream pipework configurations, flowrates and swirl numbers upon the size, shape, and position of the precessing vortex core. Also examined was the effect the precessing vortex core had on the reverse flow zone, and the relationship between the two. It was concluded that the reverse flow zone displaced the central vortex core to create the precessing vortex core. The reverse flow zone would then provide feedback for the precessing vortex core, and precess around the central axis about 30 degrees behind the precessing vortex core (P.V.C). The size and position of the P.V.C was effected by changes in Reynolds number, and any additions of downstream systems to the cyclone would also affect the strength of the P.V.C. The P.V.C would squeeze and accelerate the flow through a constriction set up between the outer limits of the core and of the exit diameter wall. Spiral engulfment vortices were produced on the outside of the flow and served as the initial entrainment mechanism for external flow. The authors wish to acknowledge the financial assistance provided by British Petroleum for this research. P. Yazdabadi acknowledges the award of a SERC Total Technology studentship.