氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定原油中氯和溴

采用氧弹燃烧法对原油样品进行燃烧,然后用碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠溶液作为吸收液进行吸收,并提出了离子色谱法分离测定原油中氯和溴的含量的方法。以Dionex IonPac AS23型分离柱为离子交换柱,以4.8mmol·L-1碳酸钠-1.0mmol·L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。氯和溴的质量浓度均在0.01～1mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.3mg·kg-1与0.7 mg·kg-1。方法用于原油样品分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.5%～4.2%之间,回收率在91.8%～109%之间。     

氧瓶燃烧-离子色谱法测定香烟中硫含量

采用氧瓶燃烧法对香烟样品进行燃烧,然后用含有过氧化氢的水溶液吸收释放出来的二氧化硫,并将其转化成为SO42-,过量的过氧化氢通过加热煮沸10min去除。据此提出了用离子色谱法测定香烟中硫含量的方法。用IonPac AS14离子交换柱,以1.8mmol.L-1碳酸钠-1.7mmol.L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。硫的质量浓度在0.02～60mg.L-1之间与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为3.24μg.L-1。方法用于茶叶(GSB-7)标准样品分析,测定值与认定值相一致。硫的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于1%,回收率在99.2%～99.7%之间。     

氧弹燃烧处理试样-离子色谱法测定聚苯硫醚中总氯含量

采用氧弹燃烧法对样品进行燃烧,然后用超纯水作为吸收液吸收释出的氯或氯化物,并提出了离子色谱法分离测定聚苯硫醚中总氯含量的方法。以Metrosep A Supp 5-250型分析柱为离子交换柱,以3.2 mmol.L-1碳酸-钠1.0 mmol.L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。方法用于矿物油标准样品(AOD 1.11)和聚乙烯标准样品(ERM-EC 681K)标准样品的分析,测定值与标准值相一致。     

自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯北大核心CSCD

采用自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯的含量。优化的试验条件如下:(1)燃烧管进口温度为950℃,出口温度为1 050℃;(2)称样量为10 mg;(3)以4.5 mmol·L^(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L^(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为吸收液。以阴离子色谱柱为分离柱,4.5 mmol·L^(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L^(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测器测定。以PO_4^(3-)作为内标物,氯的线性范围为0.5~20μg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.086mg·L^(-1)。方法应用于煤炭标准物质和实际样品的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值与国家标准方法的测定结果相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%~7.5%。     

自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯

采用自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯的含量。优化的试验条件如下:(1)燃烧管进口温度为950℃,出口温度为1 050℃;(2)称样量为10 mg;(3)以4.5 mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为吸收液。以阴离子色谱柱为分离柱,4.5 mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测器测定。以PO_4~(3-)作为内标物,氯的线性范围为0.5~20μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.086mg·L~(-1)。方法应用于煤炭标准物质和实际样品的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值与国家标准方法的测定结果相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%~7.5%。     

基于氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定生活垃圾可燃组分中氯和硫的含量

采用氧弹燃烧法对垃圾样品干燥基进行前处理,用碳酸钠(24mmol/L)和碳酸氢钠(30mmol/L)以及过氧化氢(2.5%)为吸收液,并用离子色谱法对其处理后吸收液中氯离子和硫酸根含量进行测定,最后换算为样品中氯和硫的含量。氯和硫酸根质量浓度分别在1～50mg/L与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性相关,其线性相关系数都大于0.999。样品中氯的加标回收率为96.5%～99.1%,硫酸根的加标回收率为92.5%～101%,测定结果中样品的相对平均标准偏差均小于3%(n=5),并用质控样品对方法进行了验证,结果表明样品的前处理方法简单、样品损失少、准确度高,适合于垃圾样品可燃组分中氯和硫含量的测定。     

基于氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定生活垃圾可燃组分中氯和硫的含量

采用氧弹燃烧法对垃圾样品干燥基进行前处理,用碳酸钠(24 mmol/L)和碳酸氢钠(30 mmol/L)以及过氧化氢(2.5%)为吸收液,并用离子色谱法对其处理后吸收液中氯离子和硫酸根含量进行测定,最后换算为样品中氯和硫的含量。氯和硫酸根质量浓度分别在1~50 mg/L与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性相关,其线性相关系数都大于0.999。样品中氯的加标回收率为96.5%~99.1%,硫酸根的加标回收率为92.5%~101%,测定结果中样品的相对平均标准偏差均小于3%(n=5),并用质控样品对方法进行了验证,结果表明样品的前处理方法简单、样品损失少、准确度高,适合于垃圾样品可燃组分中氯和硫含量的测定。     

石油中硫和氯的自动快速燃烧炉- 离子色谱联用技术检测

采用一种全新的以燃烧方式处理样品的前处理仪器———自动快速燃烧炉(AQF)与离子色谱联用的技术,开发出测定石油中硫和氯的方法。色谱条件:碳酸盐/氢氧化物双重选择性AS14A离子色谱分离柱,碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲溶液等度淋洗,抑制型电导检测。样品经过AQF装置分段燃烧约11 min后,在线进入离子色谱系统进行分析。该方法对硫、氯的检出限(S/N=3)分别为52和60μg/L,线性相关系数均为0.999 9,样品和标准溶液中硫和氯的RSD范围分别为4.24%~4.51%和2.51%~5.06%,硫的回收率为112%~116%,氯的回收率为94%~98%。     

离子色谱法测定烟气脱硫石膏中半水亚硫酸钙的含量

用离子色谱法测定了烟气脱硫石膏中亚硫酸根的含量,并以此换算成半水亚硫酸钙的质量分数。半水亚硫酸钙在盐酸和氯化亚锡溶液中转化为二氧化硫,二氧化硫被吸收液吸收。吸收液经0.22μm的滤膜过滤后,分取25μL进样,经AS9-HC型分离柱和AG9-HC型保护柱分离,以8mmol·L-1碳酸钠-2mmol·L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为流动相进行淋洗,采用电导检测器进行检测。亚硫酸盐的质量浓度在1.00~100mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.05mg·L-1。以烟气脱硫石膏样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为97.4%和101%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.35%~1.4%之间。     

离子色谱法测定魔芋精粉、虾中亚硫酸盐

魔芋精粉和虾样品经水蒸气蒸馏除去杂质的干扰,在密闭容器中对样品进行酸化,在氮气流的保护下蒸馏,用甲醛溶液吸收释放出的二氧化硫,提出了离子色谱法测定样品中亚硫酸盐含量的方法。以IonPacAS9-HC色谱柱,以8mmol.L-1碳酸钠-2.5mmol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱,用电导检测器测定。亚硫酸盐的质量浓度在6.0mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为4.0mg.kg-1。方法用于魔芋精粉和虾样品分析,回收率在88.1%～98.3%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=8)在1.4%～6.6%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.