高速运动分层介质界面上的时间平均能流密度

利用坐标变换和高速运动介质界面上平面电磁波入射、反射和透射电场、磁场之间的关系,详细讨论了当介质界面运动时入射、反射和透射时间平均能流密度的变化规律.     

高频引力波对环形波导中电磁波的调制作用

讨论了垂直入射的、频率为ω_g的平面高频引力波对环形波导管中频率为ω_e的电磁波的调制作用．一般情况下，在波导管中与引力波传播方向垂直的对称平面附近，电磁波的能流密度会出现三种新的频率成分（2ω_e±ω_g）和ω_g．在ω_g》ω_e时，能流密度振幅的相对调制量与引力波的无量纲振幅h₀数量级相同．特别是当ω_g，ω_e和电磁波绕波导传播的绕行频率ω₀满足关系ω_g＝2ω_e》ω₀时，由于类似于共振的机制，能流密度会出现比h₀大几个数量级的振幅相对调制量．这个结果不会由于参数的微小改变而消失，这对于探测极微弱的引力辐射信号将是十分重要的 关键词：     

左手介质中电磁波的传播速度

在同向介质中,电磁波的群速度一般是能量传播的方向,并且电磁波的相速度和群速度在大部分情况下都满足瑞利关系.为了研究左手介质的电磁特性,本文从理论上导出了左手介质中电磁波的相速度、群速度及其关系,得出左手介质中电磁波的群速度为负,并介绍了左手介质的一些应用前景.     

平面电磁波在各向异性周期介质中的传输特性研究

将平面电磁波在一维介电各向同性周期介质中的传输矩阵问题扩展至一维介电各向异性周期介质,并得到了平面电磁波在此类介质中的传输矩阵.此矩阵的推导主要基于麦克斯韦方程组和电磁波在介质交界面的连续性条件,即电磁波在介质交界面的切向电场和磁场分量连续.通过此矩阵的推导可以加深学生对"电磁场与电磁波"这门课程的理解.此矩阵也是获得电磁波在一维介电各向异性周期介质中的场分布特性,色散关系和表面模式性质的基础.因此,此传输矩阵对科研和教学都有重要意义.     

一种组合式天线辐射电磁波的可视化研究

通过形象、直观的组合式天线演示实验,让初次接触电磁波的新手“看见”电磁波,掌握麦克斯韦电磁理论精髓和实质.首先搭建一种组合式发射天线,即馈电电小磁偶极子天线,它与理想的磁偶极子天线的远场辐射有一定的差异.然后应用电磁学中的电场叠加原理,讨论这种组合式天线与理想的磁偶极子天线在3个特殊方向上远场辐射的能流密度的差异性.     

介质对高频电磁波的色散关系

根据经典力学、电磁学知识和经典色散理论导出了介质对高频电磁波的色散规律,由此色散规律可以清楚看出几乎所有介质对于高频电磁波来说都成为透明介质,并以金属铜为例进行了验证.据此人们可以容易地理解高频电磁波的某些应用.     

法拉第手征介质反射电磁波的极化特性研究

从麦克斯韦方程出发严格推导了均匀介质与法拉第手征介质交界面处电磁波反射公式.通过解析的方法讨论了不同极化状态下反射电磁波的极化特性与法拉第手征介质电磁参数之间的关系.针对部分具体实例进行了计算,计算结果与理论预测相符合. 关键词： 法拉第手征介质 反射电磁波 极化特性     

介质损耗与电磁能量

根据能流密度公式,推出时谐场中存在线性有损介质情形的坡印亭定理.与能量守恒定律结合,得到极化损耗、磁化损耗和焦耳损耗功率密度公式,以及有损介质中的电磁场能量密度公式.最后,推出上述各量的平均值公式.     

电磁波在运动煤质中的传播特性

通过电磁场的相对论变换，指出运动媒 质中电磁波场 Ｅ与Ｄ之间、Ｂ与Ｈ之间，ｖ（射 线速度）与ω（法线速度）之间将发生方向的分 化，并给出了ｖ、ω与ｓ（能流密度）的相应表 述式．     

电磁波在多层介质内的透射

导了多层介质中透射电磁波的电场振幅与介质表面入射电磁波场电场振幅之间的关系式，引入了一个母函数，通过微分可以生成介质各层中的透射波。     

The Equivalence Principle and an Electric Charge in a Gravitational Field II. A Uniformly Accelerated Charge Does Not Radiate

The electromagnetic field of a charge supported in a uniform gravitational field is examined from the viewpoint of an observer falling freely in the gravitational field. It is argued that such a charge, which from the principle of equivalence is moving with a uniform acceleration with respect to the (inertial) observer, could not be undergoing radiation losses at a rate implied by Larmor's formula. It is explicitly shown that the total energy in electromagnetic fields, including both velocity and acceleration fields, of a uniformly accelerated charge, at any given instant of the inertial observer's time, is just equal to the self-energy of a non-accelerated charge moving with a velocity equal to the instantaneous present velocity of the accelerated charge. At any given instant of time, and as seen with respect to the present position of the uniformly accelerated charge, although during the acceleration phase there is a radially outward component of the Poynting vector, there is throughout a radially inward Poynting flux component during the deceleration phase, and a null Poynting vector at the instant of the turn around. From Poynting's theorem, defined for any region of space strictly in terms of fixed instants of time, it is shown that a uniformly accelerated charge does not emit electromagnetic radiation, in contrast to what is generally believed. Contrary to some earlier suggestions in the literature, there is no continuous passing of electromagnetic radiation from a uniformly accelerated charge into the region inaccessible to a co-accelerating observer.     

Ultrashort Optical Pulses in Carbon Nanotubes and Heavy-Ion Absorption

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in a medium with zigzag carbon nanotubes is studied. Based on the Maxwell equations, an effective equation for the electromagnetic field vector potential is derived, which takes into account ion oscillations in the dielectric medium with nanotubes. It is found that the pulse shape depends on the character of oscillations of heavy ions, which may absorb the electromagnetic field, and on other parameters of the problem.     

A canonical relativistic approach to quantize electromagnetic field in the presence of moving magneto-dielectric media

A canonical relativistic formulation is introduced to quantize electromagnetic field in the presence of a polarizable and magnetizable moving medium. The medium is modeled by a continuum of the second rank antisymmetric tensors in a phenomenological way. The covariant wave equation for the vector potential and the covariant constitutive equation of the medium are obtained as the Euler-Lagrange equations using the Lagrangian of the total system. A fourth rank tensor which couples the electromagnetic field and the medium is introduced. The susceptibility tensor of the medium is obtained in terms of this coupling tensor. The noise polarization tensor is calculated in terms of both the coupling tensor and the ladder operators of the tensors modeling the medium.     

Vector Potential of Electromagnetic Wave above Strongly Inductive Two-Layer Earth Surface

Technical Physics - Vertical components of the vector potential of electromagnetic wave above two-layer strongly inductive impedance medium are determined. The solution is represented as a...     

Energy Characteristics of Wave Fields Radiated from Elementary Oscillators in a Nondispersive Medium Moving with Subluminal Velocity

We study the energy characteristics of fields radiated from electric, magnetic, and toroidal dipoles in a nondispersive medium moving with velocity lower than the speed of light in this medium. The angular dependences of Abraham's energy-flux density of electromagnetic field are analyzed. In particular, it is shown that if the medium velocity is high enough, then the radial component of the vector of energy-flux density is negative in a certain angular range. Expressions for the electromagnetic energy flux through a sphere of large radius are obtained. It is shown that if the velocity of a moving medium is high enough, then the energy flux is negative and its absolute value can exceed the energy losses of sources.     

Cross-Term Conservation Relationships for Electromagnetic Energy, Linear Momentum, and Angular Momentum

Cross-term conservation relationships for electromagnetic energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum are derived and discussed here. When two or more sources of electromagnetic fields are present, these relationships connect the cross terms that appear in the traditional expressions for the electromagnetic (1) energy, (2) linear momentum, and (3) angular momentum, over to, respectively, (1) the sum of the rates of work, (2) the sum of the forces, and (3) the sum of the torques, that are due to the fields of each charge or current source acting upon the other charge and current sources. These relationships, although not new, appear to be rarely recognized and used in the physics literature. As shown here, they can be extremely helpful for solving and gaining a deeper physical understanding into a rather diverse range of interesting problems in electrodynamics, including (1) aspects of Poynting's theorem when applied to charged point particles, (2) the detailed physical basis of electrostatic analysis, (3) understanding the connection between different techniques used in the past for solving Casimir force problems, and (4) reconciling the invalidity of Newton's third law in electrodynamics.     

Propagation of a monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave in a medium with nonsimple motion

An exact analytical solution is obtained for the trajectory of the wave vector of a monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave in a medium with nonsimple motion. It is shown that the spatial dragging of the electromagnetic wave by the moving medium can be described correctly in the general case only if relativistic terms of order β ² are taken into account. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 97–100 (May 1999)     

Specific dynamics of faster-than-light (in the medium) extremely short optical pulses in an array of carbon nanotubes

Maxwell’s equations for an electromagnetic field propagating in an array of carbon nanotubes have been considered in the case when the velocity of the incident pulse is greater than the speed of light in the medium. The equation for the vector potential of the electromagnetic field has been derived and solved numerically. The dependence of the pulse on its velocity at the entrance to the array of carbon nanotubes has been revealed.     

The scale-transformation of electromagnetic theory and its applications

The scale-transformation of electromagnetic theory is investigated in detail based on the form of Maxwell equations in scale-transformation being unchanged in different coordinate systems. The relations of electromagnetic parameters in a rectangular coordinate system and in a spherical coordinate system are presented respectively. The scale-transformation invariants for electromagnetic field are derived and their physical meaning is also presented. It is indicated by simulation that the electromagnetic waves located in medium can be considered to be isotropic due to the fact that the size of propagating vector affected by the scale factors and observing azimuth is on a size of 10^-9, which provides a new approach for investigating the electromagnetic characteristics of ellipsoidal targets.