在中心上整的内射齐次Noether环

本文证明了在中心上整的Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ环是内射平滑的当且仅当它是Ａｕｓｌａｎｄｅｒ－Ｇｏｒｅｎｓｔｅｉｎ和Ｍａｃａｕｌａｙ的以及在中心上整的Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ环是内射齐次的当且仅当它是Ａｕｓｌａｎｄｅｒ－Ｇｏｒｅｎｓｔｅｉｎ和局部Ｍａｃａｕｌａｙ的．     

Grstzsch环与Ramanujan的模方程

本文建立了拟共形映照理论中平面Ｇｒｔｚｓｃｈ环的模μ（ｒ）与由（８）式定义的出现于数论中Ｒａｍａｎｕｊａｎ广义模方程的函数μａ（γ）之间的关系，并将μ（γ）的若干已知结果推广到μａ（γ）；为研究模方程理论提供了一种方法．     

Grstzsch环与Ramanujan的模方程

本文建立了拟共形映照理论中平面Ｇｒｔｚｓｃｈ环的模μ（ｒ）与由（８）式定义的出现于数论中Ｒａｍａｎｕｊａｎ广义模方程的函数μａ（γ）之间的关系,并将μ（γ）的若干已知结果推广到μａ（γ）;为研究模方程理论提供了一种方法．     

Galois环上本原序列压缩映射的单性

设Ω是 Ｇａｌｏｉｓ环 ＧＲ（２~ｄ,ｒ）的 Ｔｅｉｃｈｍｕｌｌｅｒ代表集,则 ＧＲ（２~ｄ,ｒ）上每条序列ａ有唯一的权位分解,　其中ａ-ｉ是Ω上序列,同时也可自然视为有限域Ｆ-（２~ｒ）,上序列．设ｆ（ｘ）是环 ＧＲ（２~ｄ,ｒ）上强本原多项式,Ｇ（ｆ（ｘ））表示 ＧＲ（２~ｄ,ｒ）上以ｆ（ｘ）为特征多项式的序列的全体,是Ｆ-（２~ｒ）上一类ｄ－１元多项式, 　本文证明了压缩映射是单射,即对 ａ＝ ｂ当且仅当对所有 ａ,ｂ ∈ Ｇ（ｆ（ｘ））．     

关于完全环与Noether环

（ｉ）环Ｒ是左完全环，当且仅当存在一个基数ｃ，使得任意平坦左Ｒ－模是一个拟投射模和一个ｃ－限制的ＥＳ－模的直和。（ｉｉ）Ｒ是左Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ环，当且仅当存在一个基数ｃ，使得任意内射左Ｒ－模的直和是一个（拟）连续模和一个ｃ－限制的ＥＳ－模的直和。     

涉及三角形傍切圆半径的一个不等式

定理设△ＡＢＣ的三边长为ａ,ｂ,ｃ,其傍切圆与外接圆、内切圆的半径分别为ｒａ,ｒｂ,ｒｃ与Ｒ,ｒ,则有（２－ｒＲ）２≤ｒｂｒｃａ２＋ｒｃｒａｂ２＋ｒａｒｂｃ２≤（Ｒｒ－ｒＲ）２①引理令ｓ＝１２（ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ）,则ｒｂｒｃａ２＋ｒｃｒａａ２＋ｒａｒｂａ２...     

关于环的极大Order的一个注记

本文的目的是讨论环Ｒ何时成为一个半单Ａｒｉｉｎ环的极大Ｏｒｄｅｒ问题，得到了主要结果是：若Ｒ是左和右Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ半索环，Ｐ是Ｒ的包含在Ｊａｃｏｂｓｏｎ根中的可逆理想，使得Ｒ／Ｐ是一个半单Ａｒｔｉｎ环的极大Ｏｒｄｅｒ，则Ｒ是一个半单Ａｒｔｉｎ环的极大Ｏｒｄｅｒ。     

The Structure and Stabilization Decom position of Linear Interconnected ControlSystem swith Multidelays

§１．　ＴｈｅＥｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｃｅｏｆＬｙａｐｕｎｏｖｓＲａｎｇｅｏｆｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄＳｔａｂｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＮｅｗ，ｌｅｔｕｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈｅｌｉｎｅａｒｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｉｎｔｅｒｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｘｉ（ｔ）＝∑ｎｊ＝１ａｉｊｘｊ（ｔ）＋∑ｍｊ＝１ｂｉｊｕｊ（ｔ）＋∑Ｎ１ｒ＝１∑ｎｊ＝１ａ（ｒ）１ｉｊｅ（ｒ）１ｉｊｘｊ（ｔ）　　　　　　　　　　＋∑Ｎ２ｓ＝１∑ｎｊ＝１ａ（ｓ）２ｉｊｅ（ｓ）２ｉｊｘｊ（ｔ－ｒ（ｓ）１ｉｊ）＋∑Ｎ２ｄ＝１∑…     

关于迭代函数方程f~2(x)=af(x) bx的通解

设λ的二次三项式λ２－ａλ－ｂ的两个零点为λ１＝ｒ，λ２＝ｓ（ａ及ｂ为实数）．对０＜ｒ＜ｓ，ｒ＜０＜ｓ≠－ｒ及ｒ＝ｓ≠０这三种情形，Ｊ．Ｍａｔｋｏｗｓｋｉ与ＷｅｉｎｉａｎＺｈａｎｇ在“Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｆｏｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｐｏｌｙｎｏｍｉａｌｆｏｒｍ”一文中给出了迭代函数方程ｆ２（ｘ）＝ａｆ（ｘ）＋ｂｘ，对任ｘ∈Ｒ；ｆ∈Ｃ０（Ｒ，Ｒ）（１）的通解，并证明了当ｒ及ｓ非实数时方程（１）无解．对ｒ＝－ｓ≠０的情形，Ｍ．Ｋｕｃｚｍａ已给出了方程（１）的通解．本文则对ｒ＜ｓ＜０及ｒｓ＝０这两种情形给出了方程（１）的通解．此外，本文还给出了ｒ＜０＜ｓ≠－ｒ时关于方程（１）的通解的一个简洁的证明     

整体思想在复数中的运用

整体思想在复数中的运用６２１１００四州省三台中学李志荣复数ａ＋ｂｉ与有序实数对（ａ，ｂ）、复数ｒ（ｃｏｓθ＋ｉｓｉｎθ）（ｒ≥０，θ∈［０，２π）且规定：ｒ＝０时，θ＝０）与实数对（ｒ，θ）形成一一映射．从而，ａ、ｂ；ｒ、θ构成了复数的两组基本量．然...     

Some Properties of Artin-Rees Modules and Rings

The class of Artin-Rees modules is large.It contains modules satisfying (accr).In this paper, we investigate such modules and show that some properties of modules satisfying (accr) can be generalized to modules of this class.     

An algebraic dependence over the quasi-centre

Summary The authors study a class of rings generalizing both ξ-rings and rings which are (1) quasi-radical over their normalizer. The results are quite complete in the Noetherian case. In application several conditions on rings are shown to force the right duo condition. In particular it is shown that ξ-rings, algebras over the rationals satisfying (1), and algebraic algebras having no non central nilpotent elements (or a more general condition) are right duo or duo rings. Entrata in Redazione il 28 luglio 1972. This research has been supported by grant A7876 of the National Research Council of Canada. This research has been supported by grant A7877 of the National Research Council of Canada.     

On Rings Whose Reflexive Ideals are Principal

We call a prime Noetherian maximal order R a pseudo-principal ring if every reflexive ideal of R is principal. This class of rings is a broad class properly containing both prime Noetherian pri-(pli) rings and Noetherian unique factorization rings (UFRs). We show that the class of pseudo-principal rings is closed under formation of n × n full matrix rings. Moreover, we prove that if R is a pseudo-principal ring, then the polynomial ring R[x] is also a pseudo-principal ring. We provide examples to illustrate our results.     

Some Classes of Nilpotent Associative Algebras

We further the study of rings with no middle class by focusing on an interpretation of that property in terms of the lattice of hereditary pretorsion classes over a given ring. For non-semisimple rings, the absence of a middle class is equivalent to the requirement that the class of all semisimple right modules be a coatom in that lattice. Taking advantage of this perspective, we discover new facts and shed light on others already known with a possibly more direct interpretation without having to refer to an exhaustive analysis of the structure theorems available in the literature. Our approach also allows us to characterize rings with no middle class in terms of hereditary pretorsion classes containing the class of all singular right modules. We discuss the open problem of whether there is a ring with no right middle class which is not right Noetherian and see, in particular, that an indecomposable ring satisfying that property would have to be Morita equivalent to a certain type of subring of a full linear ring.     

Remarks on Centers of Rings

It is proved that for matrices A,B in the n by n upper triangular matrix ring Tn(R) over a domain R,if AB is nonzero and central in Tn(R) then AB =BA.The n by n full matrix rings over right Noetherian domains are also shown to have this property.In this article we treat a ring property that is a generalization of this result,and a ring with such a property is said to be weakly reversible-over-center.The class of weakly reversible-over-center rings contains both full matrix rings over right Noetherian domains and upper triangular matrix rings over domains.The structure of various sorts of weakly reversible-over-center rings is studied in relation to the questions raised in the process naturally.We also consider the connection between the property of being weakly reversible-over-center and the related ring properties.     

Envelopes of commutative rings

Given a significative class ℱ of commutative rings, we study the precise conditions under which a commutative ring R has an ℱ-envelope. A full answer is obtained when ℱ is the class of fields, semisimple commutative rings or integral domains. When ℱ is the class of Noetherian rings, we give a full answer when the Krull dimension of R is zero and when the envelope is required to be epimorphic. The general problem is reduced to identifying the class of non-Noetherian rings having a monomorphic Noetherian envelope, which we conjecture is the empty class.     

Jacobson's conjecture and modules over fully bounded Noetherian rings

The object of this paper is to investigate finitely generated modules and injective modules over fully bounded Noetherian rings. Our main results on f.g. modules (Theorems 3.1 and 3.4) provide an analog of the Jordan-Holder Theorem and seem to be new even for commutative Noetherian rings. They imply the validity of Jacobson's conjecture for fully bounded Noetherian rings. The main result on injectives (Theorem 5.3) describes f.g. submodules of an indecomposible injective and shows how it can be built from indecomposible injectives over certain Artinian rings.     

Commutative Local Rings Whose Ideals are Direct Sums of Cyclic Modules

A well-known result of Köthe and Cohen-Kaplansky states that a commutative ring R has the property that every R-module is a direct sum of cyclic modules if and only if R is an Artinian principal ideal ring. This motivated us to study commutative rings for which every ideal is a direct sum of cyclic modules. Recently, in Behboodi et al. Commutative Noetherian local rings whose ideals are direct sums of cyclic modules (J. Algebra 345:257–265, 2011) the authors considered this question in the context of finite direct products of commutative Noetherian local rings. In this paper, we continue their study by dropping the Noetherian condition.     

A generalized principal ideal theorem

The main theorem of this article is an extension of the generalized principal ideal theorem for ideals in Noetherian rings. Instead of requiring the rings to be Noetherian, some natural requirements are imposed on the chains of prime ideals under consideration. The standard (Noetherian) version of the generalized principal ideal theorem is deduced as a corollary and two other applications are presented.     

On the integral cohomology of a sylow subgroup of the symmetric group

Projectivity classes, which dualize injectivity classes (cf.[ll]), are introduced and some examples are given. Characterizations of hereditary rings, semisimple rings, Noetherian rings, (semi-)perfect rings, quasi-perfect rings, semiregular rings, semiregular modules and F- semiperfect modules using projectivity classes are given. Finally, for a projectivity class P, P-projective covers are defined and similar results with “quasi-projective cover” substituted by “T-projective cover” will still hold. Our results unify and generalize several well known results by Golan, Huynh and Smith, Rangaswamy and Vanaja, Tiwary and Pandeya, and Xue.