Fe(100)表面Cu单层膜上CO的吸附,解离以及C-C偶合反应

采用密度泛函方法研究了Fe(100)表面Cu单层膜上CO的吸附,直接解离,氢助解离以及C-C偶合反应.相比洁净的Fe(100)表面,在Fe(100)的单层Cu膜上,CO的吸附和活化都减弱了.特别是,相比Fe(100)上CO的解离能垒1.08 eV,铜单层膜上CO解离能垒高达2.4 eV.在H原子共吸附的情况下,Fe(1...     

预吸附氧对NO在Pt(110)表面吸附和分解的影响

 利用程序升温反应谱、X射线光电子能谱和高分辨电子能量损失谱研究了NO在清洁和预吸附氧的Pt(110)表面的吸附和分解. 在清洁的Pt(110)表面,室温下低覆盖度时NO以桥式吸附为主,高覆盖度时NO以线式吸附为主. 加热过程中部分NO(主要是桥式吸附物种)分解,生成N2和N2O. 室温下O2在Pt(110)表面发生解离吸附. Pt(110)表面预吸附氧会抑制桥式吸附NO的生成,并导致其脱附温度降低40 K. 降低脱附温度有利于桥式吸附NO的分子脱附,从而抑制分解反应. 这些结果从表面化学的角度合理地解释了铂催化剂在富氧条件下对NO分解能力的降低.     

CO2在金属表面活化的能学方法研究

应用UBI-QEP方法, 估算了CO2-在金属表面的吸附热, 并计算了CO2在Cu(111)、Pd(111)、Fe(111)、Ni(111)表面的各种反应途径的活化能垒. 结果表明, CO2-在4种过渡金属表面相对的稳定性和CO2解离吸附的活性顺序一致,均为Fe>Ni>Cu>Pd. 说明CO2-可能是CO2解离吸附的关键中间体. 在Cu、Pd、Ni表面上, CO2解离吸附的最终产物是CO,而在Fe表面其最终会解离成C和O. 在Cu、Fe、Ni表面, CO2加氢活化是一种有效模式, 而在Pd上则不容易进行. 在Cu和Pd表面,碳酸盐物种也可能是CO2活化的重要中间体.     

氧分子在Pt低指数面上的吸附和解离

应用原子和表面簇合物相互作用的5参数Morse势方法(简称5-MP)构造推广的LEPS势对O₂-Pt分子体系进行了系统的研究, 获得了O₂分子在Pt的2个低指数面(111)和(110)重构面上的吸附几何、结合能和振动频率等临界点性质; 计算结果显示O₂在Pt(111)面上难解离, 且存在超氧化吸附态, 同时, 应用表面分子解离限和晶面解离距的概念分析了(111)面上的解离机理; 并根据分子指纹性质, 将O₂在Pt(110)缺行重构面上出现的振动频率860, 930, 1250 cm^－1进行了合理的指派.     

单相碳化铁的制备及其表面吸附性质

在不同CO分压下制备了ε-Fe2C,χ'-Fe5C2和θ-Fe3C等系列单相碳化铁,经钝化处理后采用低温N2物理吸附、穆斯堡尔谱、激光拉曼光谱和程序升温脱附技术进行了详细的表征.结果发现,碳化气氛,尤其是碳化温度对所得碳化铁结晶度有所影响.碳化铁表面的积碳程度随碳化气氛中CO分压的升高而增高,而随碳化温度的升高呈抛物线形式增高;不同碳化条件下生成的碳化铁晶型和表面积碳的差异导致其织构性质及其吸附CO的能力不同,低温(200oC)碳化生成的Fe2C表面解离吸附CO的能力显著强于其他碳化铁;低碳气氛中生成的Fe3C上CO的解离脱附量最大;其他条件下生成的碳化铁因表面吸附活性位的破坏和大量沉积碳的生成使得解离吸附CO的能力较弱.     

NO2在Ag/Pt(110)双金属表面上的吸附和分解

利用俄歇电子能谱(AES)和程序升温脱附谱(TDS)研究了NO₂在Ag/Pt(110)双金属表面的吸附和分解.室温下NO₂ 在Ag/Pt(110)双金属表面发生解离吸附, 生成NO(ads)和O(ads)表面吸附物种. 在升温过程中NO(ads)物种发生脱附或者进一步分解. 500 K时NO₂在Ag/Pt(110)双金属表面发生解离吸附生成O(ads)表面吸附物种. Pt 向Ag传递电子, 从而削弱Pt－O键的强度, 降低O(ads)从Pt 表面的并合脱附温度. 发现能够形成具有稳定组成的Ag/Pt(110)合金结构, 其表现出与Pt(110)-(1×2)相似的解离吸附NO₂能力, 但与O(ads)的结合明显弱于Pt(110)-(1×2). 该AgPt(110)合金结构是可能的低温催化直接分解氮氧化物活性结构.     

CeO2(110)表面上CO氧化反应的密度泛函理论研究

利用密度泛函理论系统研究了O2与CO在CeO2(110)表面的吸附反应行为. 研究表明, O2在洁净的CeO2(110)表面吸附热力学不利, 而在氧空位表面为强化学吸附, O2分子被活化, 可能是重要的氧化反应物种. CO在洁净的CeO2(110)表面有化学吸附与物理吸附两种构型, 前者形成二齿碳酸盐物种, 后者与表面仅存在弱的相互作用. 在氧空位表面, CO可分子吸附或形成碳酸盐物种, 相应吸附能均较低. 当表面氧空位吸附O2后(O2/Ov), CO可吸附生成碳酸盐或直接生成CO2, 与原位红外光谱结果相一致. 过渡态计算发现,O2/Ov/CeO2(110)表面的三齿碳酸盐物种经两齿、单齿过渡态脱附生成CO2. 利用扩展休克尔分子轨道理论分析了典型吸附构型的电子结构, 说明表面碳酸盐物种三个氧原子电子存在离域作用, 物理吸附的CO及生成的CO2电子结构与相应自由分子相似.     

Cu单原子修饰对Fe(111)表面CO吸附性能及电子性质调变的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论方法研究了Cu单原子修饰对Fe(111)表面CO吸附性能和电子性质的调变作用,其中,Cu单原子修饰研究了吸附和取代两种方式。结果表明,CO在Cu修饰的Fe(111)面吸附能力都会变弱,一是Cu原子自身提供的位点对CO的吸附较弱;二是Cu会使其附近的Fe对CO的吸附变弱。分析电子性质表明,Cu作用于Fe表面后,会导致Cu附近Fe原子部分电子向Cu原子转移,进而削弱了Fe与吸附分子间电子交互作用而改变Fe原子的吸附能力。故Cu原子改性Fe表面可以很好地调变CO的吸附、解离及后续反应催化活性,这为进一步探究Cu改性Fe表面的合成气催化反应机理提供了基础信息。     

甲醇在Pd（Ⅲ）面上的吸附和热解离

用XPS和静态SIM研究了110－600K温度范围内甲醇在Pd(Ⅲ）面上的吸附和解离表面化学反应。实验结果表明，甲醇在Pd(Ⅲ）面上的热解离反应途径依赖于其初始暴露量。在110K低温下，暴露量为1．5L时达到单层饱和吸附。在此暴露量以下，甲醇在表面的热解离占主导地位，其解离的中间吸附物有CH3ads、CH3Oads和H2Oads。这表明在Pd(Ⅲ）面上，不仅甲醇中O－H键，而且C－O键也被活化。而在初始暴露量大于1．5L时，甲醇从表面的热脱附趋于主导地位。Pd(Ⅲ）面上相对稳定的中间吸附物种CH3ads的存在可能有助于理解Pd催化剂在合成CH3OH、CH4、CH3OCH3和CH3CH3反应中的催化作用机理。     

CO在Ni(100)面吸附模式的研究

本文首次将McGreery的推广LEPS法用于异核双原子分子的吸附势能面.设CO在Ni面上的吸附位置有3种(图1).取Sato参数为0.5,所得典型的势能面示于图2、图3.当C—O键平行于表面并接近Ni面上的3种吸附位置时,各势能面均与图2类似,先进入一势阱,然后越过势垒进入第二势阱.发生解离型C及O的原子吸附时,共有4种模式.各势能面上表征吸附的参数列于表1,吸附模式见图1.在4种吸附模式中最稳定的是C模式,即对角相邻5CN上的解离双原子吸附,R_(c-o)=6.65a.u.,它是R_(c-o)(平衡)=2.17a.u.的三倍多.当CO键与表面垂直且接近Ni面上3种吸附位置时所得势     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...