离子色谱法测定乳粉中的高氯酸盐

建立了乳粉中痕量高氯酸盐的固相萃取离子色谱分析方法。在碱性条件下,乙腈提取、浓缩,0.22μm尼龙滤膜+RP柱净化,AS20阴离子分析柱(150mm×4.0mm)分离,流动相为氢氧化钠溶液(30~70mmol/L),流速1.0mL/min。结果表明,高氯酸盐在0.4~20μg/L内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数0.999 8,样品检出限20μg/kg,加标回收率在77.2%~108%。测定了41个乳粉中的高氯酸盐含量,高氯酸盐检出率为31.7%。对质监部门用来检测乳粉中高氯酸盐的方法是一个补充,为食品安全提供了参考数据。     

浊点萃取-流动注射电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定水中镉钴铜镍锌

本文提出了浊点萃取-流动注射电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（FI—ICP—AES）法同时测定水中镉、钴、铜、镍、锌的新方法。利用5-Br—PADAP将待测金属离子转化为水不溶性的螯合物，并萃取到表面活性剂Triton X-114的浓缩相，以乙醇-硝酸溶液稀释含富集离子的浓缩相，并以FI—ICP-AES法测定。考察了流动注射进样体积、积分时间、萃取体系介质酸度、螯合剂和表面活性剂用量等实验条件的影响。在折衷条件下，镉、钴、铜、镍和锌的浓缩倍率可达18、10、16、10和8，检出限分别为0．7μg／L、1．6μg／L、1．3μg／L、5．7μg／L、3．2μg／L。方法成功应用于自来水、河水和海水中痕量镉、钴、铜、镍和锌的分析。在0．02mg／L和0．10mg／L二个水平进行加入回收试验，回收率在80％与118％之间。     

改进的离子色谱法测定环境水样中的高氯酸盐

以亲水性阴离子交换柱IonPac AS16为分析柱, 以NaOH、乙腈和水的混合溶液为淋洗液, 采用电导检测法测定了环境水样中的痕量高氯酸盐. 通过添加有机改进剂有效地解决了4-氯苯磺酸和高氯酸盐共淋洗的问题. 实验考察了4种有机溶剂对高氯酸盐和4-氯苯磺酸保留时间的影响, 最终选定乙腈作为有机改进剂. 为了提高方法的灵敏度, 以AG19为浓缩柱对样品进行在线预浓缩. 采用预浓缩技术可使方法的检出限低至0.1 μg/L. 在0.2~200 μg/L线性范围内线性相关系数为0.9989, 将0.5 μg/L 高氯酸盐溶液连续进样测定11次, 所得峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.2%. 将该方法应用于环境水样的测定, 加标回收率为93%~113%.     

高效液相色谱法测定糖尿病肾病患者血液中的非蛋白氮

采用反相高效液相色谱法对糖尿病患者血液中与肾病相关的四种非蛋白氮代谢产物（肌酸、肌酐、尿素和尿酸）进行了测定。获得的优化条件为：采用C18反相色谱柱,在室温下,以含10mmol／L,pH6．86的KH2PO4和体积分数30％的甲醇水溶液为流动相,流速0．9mL／min,检测波长200nm。在优化的条件下。5min内可对病人血液中上述4种物质同时进行测定。方法具有较好的重现性（迁移时间和峰面积的RSD均为3％）和较高的灵敏度以及较宽的线性范围（肌酸：5—300μmol／L,肌酐：10—200μmol／L,尿素：1～30mmol／L,尿酸：10—1500μmol／L）,适用于临床上病人血液的日常分析和早期肾病的监测。     

高效液相色谱法测定葡萄酒中的白藜芦醇

采用μ－BondapakC18（3．9mm×00mm）色谱柱,体积分数为40％的乙腈为流动相,紫外306nm检测,t-白藜芦醇和c-白藜芦醇的保留时间分别为7．7min和8．9min,回收率90．0％～97．8％,最小检出限10μg／L。检测11种国产葡萄酒,白藜芦醇的质量浓度从10．0到920．0μg／L不等。     

利用流动注射型乙酰胆碱酯酶传感器监测海水中马拉硫磷

将乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)传感器引入流动注射系统中，研究了传感器连续监测海水中马拉硫磷的可行性。系统中的载液为不含马拉硫磷的海水。传感器适宜的工作条件为：载液和样品的流速为0．39mL／min，进样时间为20min；底物(碘化硫代乙酰胆碱)溶液的浓度为41．6mmol／L，注射量为40μL。利用次氯酸钠溶液对含马拉硫磷的海水样品进行预氧化处理，可以大大提高传感器的灵敏度，对马拉硫磷的检出限达到0．05μg/L；而不进行氧化时的检出限为1．3μg/L。另外，海水样品经过预氧化处理后，传感器对其中0．1-10μg／L的马拉硫磷具有良好的线性响应关系(r=0．991)。测定含马拉硫磷的海水样品后，向传感器持续通入0．5mmol／L的2-PAM溶液15min，可以完全恢复受到100μg／L马拉硫磷抑制的固定化酶活性。结果表明：所设计的酶传感器适于海水中马拉硫磷的连续、灵敏和准确监测。     

抑制型电导检测离子色谱法测定饮用水中高氯酸盐

建立抑制型电导检测离子色谱法测定饮用水中的高氯酸盐。选用IonPac^?AS19色谱柱(250 mm×4 mm)，柱温为30℃，电导池温度为35℃，用40 mmol/L氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液，氢氧化钾淋洗液由淋洗液发生器在线产生，淋洗液流量为1.0 mL/min，淋洗方式为等浓度淋洗。采用AERS 500(4 mm)型抑制器，抑制器电流为99 mA，进样体积为500μL，高氯酸盐的色谱峰面积与质量浓度在0.030～0.200 mg/L范围内的线性关系良好，相关系数为0.999 2，方法检出限为0.002 mg/L，定量限为0.010 mg/L。7次重复测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.49%～3.78%，样品加标回收率为90.0%～101%。该方法适用于饮用水中高氯酸盐的检测。     

流动注射在线三正辛胺萃淋树脂分离富集火焰原子吸收法测定银

使用填充三正辛胺（TOA）萃淋树脂的微型柱，采用流动注射在线分离富集与火焰子吸收法联用技术，对微量银的测定进行了研究。在1．0mol/L HCl介质中样品流速为8．1mL/min，采样60s，以0．25mol/L HCl-0.5mol/L硫脲洗脱。在30样／h的分析速度下，富集倍率为26倍，富集效率为26／min，消耗指数为0．31mL。线性范围为0－1000μg/L，检出限为1．2μg/L。银含量为50μg／L时，连续11次测定的相对标准偏差为1．4％。对铅锌冶炼矿渣样液进行加标回收率试验，回收率为91．1％－100．6％，并应用于测定光谱纯氧化镁中的微量银。     

吲哚美辛的毛细管电泳测定法研究

建立了制剂和体液中吲哚美辛的毛细管电泳高频电导分析法,并用于吲哚美辛肠溶片、复方吲哚美辛酊及血清、尿液中吲哚美辛含量的测定。对电泳介质的种类、浓度以及操作电压和进样量等影响因素进行了优化。实验采用3.0mmol／L乳酸＋0．68mol／L乙醇为电泳介质,分离电压为20.0kV,可在10min内实现对吲哚美辛的分离检测。在最佳实验条件下,吲哚美辛的线性范围为0.05μg／mL—100μg／mL,检出限为0．01μg／mL,回收率92.0％-105．1％。     

固载硫杂杯芳烃树脂分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定痕置银

报道了色谱301固载硫杂杯芳烃树脂分离预富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量银的新方法。探讨了固载硫杂杯芳烃树脂对银的吸附原理与最佳条件。将含Ag^＋试液在pH=10、温度为23±2℃的条件下恒温震荡10min，静置10min，Ag^＋可被树脂定量富集被吸附的Ag^＋可用5mL酸性硫脲（0．15mol／L HCl＋0．15mol／L硫脲）完全洗脱，洗脱液中的银用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定。该法对银的检出限为0．17μg／L（3σ，n=11）；线性范围为0．006—3mg／L。对0．18mg／L的Ag^＋标液进行7次测定，RSD=1．53％。回收率在99．9％-105．0％之间。用于“二次资源”锌矿渣和环境水样中痕量银的测定，结果满意。     

微波浓缩-离子法测定饮用水中的痕量溴酸根和高氯酸根

 建立了一种简便的用于浓缩水中痕量BrO3 -和ClO4 -的样品前处理方法。水样经OnGuardAg柱过滤 ,用微波炉在 15min内可浓缩 2 0倍 ,所测离子的回收率均高于 90 %。又采用IonPacAS16型亲水性柱 ,用 15 0 μL定量环 ,以NaOH为流动相、梯度淋洗方式 ,在 35min内测定了包括BrO3 -和ClO4 -在内的 8种离子。BrO3 -和ClO4 -的检测限分别为 0 10 μg/L和 0 2 0 μg/L。该方法在实际应用中有较大的参考价值。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定牛奶中的高氯酸盐

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定牛奶中高氯酸盐的方法.样品经1%乙酸-乙腈(体积比1:4)混合溶液提取,于6 000 r/min离心20 min后,经0.2μ m的尼龙滤膜、On-GuardⅡRP柱、On-GuardⅡAg柱和On-GuardⅡBa柱净化,最大反相性能色谱柱C12(Synergi 4u MAX-RP 8...     

Electrokinetic injection across supported liquid membranes: New sample pretreatment technique for online coupling to capillary electrophoresis. Direct analysis of perchlorate in biological samples

A simple and sensitive method for quantifying perchlorate in biological samples using CE and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was developed. An online combination of a supported liquid membrane, an inert polypropylene membrane impregnated with 1-hexanol, and electrokinetic injection of perchlorate across the supported liquid membrane directly into the separation capillary reduced the need for laborious sample pretreatment procedures, resulting in a cheap and rapid method with low LODs capability. Baseline separation of perchlorate and other anions in biological samples was achieved in background electrolyte solution consisting of 15 mM nicotinic acid and 1 mM 3-(N,N-dimethylmyristylammonio)propanesulfonate at pH 3.3. The analytical method showed excellent parameters in terms of reproducibility; RSD values for peak areas and corrected migration times at a spiked concentration of 100 μg/L of perchlorate were below 10 and 0.4%, respectively. Linear calibration curves were obtained for perchlorate in the concentration range 10-1000 μg/L (r(2) >0.999) with LODs between 2 and 5 μg/L for human urine, breast milk, serum, cow's milk, and red wine. Recoveries at 25 μg/L of perchlorate were between 97 and 106% for all biological samples. The low LODs rivaling those of presently used analytical methods support the use of this method for quantification of perchlorate in biological samples in the future.     

Trace determination of perchlorate using electromembrane extraction and capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

Electromembrane extraction (EME) and CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C⁴D) was applied to rapid and sensitive determination of perchlorate in drinking water and environmental samples. Porous polypropylene hollow fiber impregnated with 1‐heptanol acted as a supported liquid membrane (SLM) and perchlorate was transported and preconcentrated in the fiber lumen on application of electric field. High selectivity of perchlorate determination and its baseline separation from major inorganic anions was achieved in CE‐C⁴D using background electrolyte solution consisting of 7.5 mM L ‐histidine and 40 mM acetic acid at pH 4.1. The analytical method showed excellent parameters in terms of reproducibility; RSD values for migration times and peak areas at a spiked concentration of 15 μg/L of perchlorate (US EPA recommended limit for drinking water) were below 0.2 and 8.7%, respectively, in all examined water samples. Linear calibration curves were obtained for perchlorate in the concentration range 1–100 μg/L (r²≥0.999) with limits of detection at 1 μg/L for tap water and at 0.25–0.35 μg/L for environmental and bottled potable water samples. Recoveries at 15 μg/L of perchlorate were between 95.9 and 106.7% with minimum and maximum recovery values for snow and bottled potable water samples, respectively.     

Rapid on-line preconcentration and suppressed micro-bore ion chromatography of part per trillion levels of perchlorate in rainwater samples

The development of a rapid method for the determination of perchlorate in rain and drinking waters is presented. In the optimised method, an on-line preconcentration technique was employed utilising a 10 mm × 4.6 mm Phenomenex Onyx monolithic guard cartridge coated with (N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)undecanoate for selective preconcentration, with subsequent elution into a fixed volume injection loop (‘heart-cut’ of the concentrator column eluate) and separation using an IonPac AS16 (250 mm × 2 mm) anion exchange column and a potassium hydroxide concentration gradient. Off-line optimisation studies showed that the coated monolith displayed near quantitative recovery up to 50 μg/L perchlorate level from standards prepared in reagent water. On-line preconcentration of perchlorate obtained detection limits down to 56 ng/L in reagent water, between 70 and 80 ng/L in rainwater samples and 2.5 μg/L in non-pretreated drinking water. After an additional sample sulphate/carbonate removal step, low ng/L perchlorate concentrations could also be observed in drinking water. The complete on-line method exhibited reproducibility for n = 10 replicate runs of R.S.D. ≤ 3% for peak height/area and R.S.D. = 0.08% for retention time. The optimised method, of 20 min total duration, was applied to the determination of perchlorate by standard addition in 10 rainwater samples and one drinking water sample. Concentrations of perchlorate present ranged from below the detection limit for four rainwater samples, with another three samples showing perchlorate present at between 70 and 100 ng/L, and one sample showing perchlorate present at 2.8 μg/L. Levels of 1.1 μg/L in the drinking water sample were also recorded.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定奶粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐

建立了一种测定奶粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品经0.1%（v/v）甲酸水-乙腈提取,10000 r/min下离心10 min后,上清液经PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化;采用离子交换色谱分离,色谱柱为Thermo Scientific Acclaim TRINITY P1复合离子交换柱（50 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm）,以乙腈和20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,MS/MS检测,内标法定量。结果显示,氯酸盐和高氯酸盐分别在2.0~40.0 μg/L和1.0~20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r²）大于0.999,方法的定量限分别为15.0和7.5 μg/kg。氯酸盐和高氯酸盐分别在30.0、60.0、120.0 μg/kg和15.0、30.0、60.0 μg/kg 3个水平下的加标回收率为89.24%~107.85%,相对标准偏差为3.15%~10.42%（n=6）。该方法简便快捷、准确可靠,能适用于奶粉样品的测定。     

Application of pressure-assisted electrokinetic injection-tandem mass spectrometry in the determination of perchlorate in water and soil samples

A new method for the determination of perchlorate in water and soil samples using on-line enrichment in a capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry is presented. The target analytes in the sample solutions were introduced into the capillary column by pressure-assisted electrokinetic injection (PAEKI) with the simultaneous application of -18 kV and +50 mbar external pressure to the sample vial at the capillary inlet for 4 min. The injected sample zone was flushed out with a running buffer and analyzed by a tandem mass spectrometer in a negative selected reaction monitoring mode. The influence of the matrix in both water and soil samples was eliminated by a clean-up step by passing the sample through Ba/Ag/H cartridges. The method showed good linearity in the dynamic range of 20 to 1000 ng/L, and achieved a detection limit of 18.7 ng/L for water samples and 3.3 ng/g for soil samples, respectively. The recovery of perchlorate in spiked samples, at three different levels, ranged over 79-127%. The method reproducibility was found to be 11% RSD for water samples and 7% RSD for soil samples. Perchlorate was found in 25 out of 28 water samples analyzed, with the levels ranging from 19.8 to 192 ng/L, and was not detected in the 10 soil samples analyzed.     

Determination of trace level bromate and perchlorate in drinking water by ion chromatography with an evaporative preconcentration technique

A simple sample preconcentration technique employing microwave-based evaporation for the determination of trace level bromate and perchlorate in drinking water with ion chromatography is presented. With a hydrophilic anion-exchange column and a sodium hydroxide eluent in linear gradient, bromate and perchlorate can be determined in one injection within 35 min. Prior to ion chromatographic analysis, the drinking water sample was treated with an OnGuard-Ag cartridge to remove the superfluous chloride and concentrated 20-fold using a PTFE beaker in a domestic microwave oven for 15 min.The recoveries of the anions ranged from 94.6% for NO2- to 105.2% for F-. The detection limits for bromate, perchlorate, iodate and chlorate were 0.1, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.2 microg/l, respectively. The developed method is applicable for the quantitation of bromate and perchlorate in drinking water samples.     

超声辅助乳化液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析水中的人工合成麝香

将超声辅助乳化与液液微萃取技术结合,建立了水体中人工合成麝香的气相色谱-质谱分析方法.优化前处理条件,包括萃取剂、萃取剂体积、萃取时间、萃取温度及离子强度的选择.结果表明:在10 mL水样中,加入50 μL氯苯作为萃取剂,4 0 MHz超声10 min,混匀,以4000 r/min离心10 min,移取下层有机相进样分析,效果佳.样品的富集倍数可达200倍,8种人工合成麝香在0.005～0.4 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.994;检出限为0.3～0.5 ng/L;水样中加标回收率为96.2％～102.9％;相对标准偏差为2.3％～4.1％.本方法灵敏、快速、准确,可满足环境水样中痕量人工合成麝香监测的质控要求.     

环境水样中百菌清残留的单滴微萃取-反相液相色谱测定

应用单滴微萃取(SDME)-反相液相色谱(RPLC)检测了环境水样中的百菌清残留.优化了单滴微萃取条件:环己烷萃取剂6 μL、单滴体积2 μL、搅拌速率350 r/min、萃取时间40 min、水溶液温度35 ℃、无盐度.水样经单滴微萃取后,使用Hypersil C18柱反相液相色谱分离测定百菌清.反相液相色谱条件:100%甲醇流动相、流速1.0 mL/min、柱温25 ℃、224 nm检测.方法的线性范围、检出限、相对标准偏差和富集倍数分别为1.0 ～50 μg/L、0.02 μg/L、6.1%和427倍.采用该法对环境水样中的百菌清残留进行了测定,环境水样的加标回收率为98% ～106%.