青蒿素及其一类物结构和合成的研究——Ⅺ.环氧青蒿酸的分离和鉴定

青蒿亦称黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.),为菊科植物,我国民间用于治疗疟疾。据报道,该植物的主要成分为挥发油、烯炔和倍半萜内酯。倍半萜内酯有青蒿素、青蒿甲素、青蒿乙素及青蒿丙素(脱氧青蒿素)。此外,还有青蒿酸、香豆素及黄酮等。我们由山东七、八月所产青蒿提取物中分到青蒿素、青蒿甲素、青蒿乙素、青蒿丙     

青蒿素转化成异氢化青蒿酸及有关反应

本文报道从青蒿素经六步反应转化成异氢化青蒿酸。青蒿素经酸处理得失碳倍半萜内酯3,3经硷水解再酯化生成α,β-不饱和酮酯5,然后由Wittig反应得共轭双烯酯6,用RaneyNi(W_2)催化氢化生成异氢化青蒿酸酯7,最后经硷水解得到异氢化青蒿酸8。     

含羟基的青蒿倍半萜内酯差向异构体的合成

本文报道以青蒿酸(2)为原料合成了一些含羟基的青蒿倍半萜内酯差向异构体9与10、11与12、13与14。其中9已从青蒿中分离到。     

新疆雪莲化学成分研究(Ⅴ)

从新疆雪莲中分出两种新倍半萜类化合物,一种是3α-OH,11β,13-二氢去氢广木香内酯-8-β-D-葡萄糖苷.它的立体结构不同于以前所报道的类似化合物.另一种为新的倍半萜内酯生物碱,经鉴定为13-脯氨酸取代的二氢去氢广木香内酯.命名为大苞雪莲碱(Involucratine).     

青蒿素及其一类物的结构和合成 ⅩⅧ.青蒿甲素的合成

青蒿甲素(1)与抗疟有效成分青蒿素(2)共存于植物青蒿之中,它是一个新型的失碳倍半萜内酯,其结构已经测定,本文报道它的合成. 青蒿酸甲酯(3)用间氯过苯甲酸氧化,得4α,5α-环氧青蒿酸甲酯(4).4在二氯甲烷-吡啶中进行臭氧化,得α-酮酸酯(5),产率88％.5用碱性过氧化氢氧化降解,得羟基内酯(6),产率92％.6用POCl_3-吡啶脱水,即得1,m.p.151～153℃,[α]_~(10)-40°(c 0.57,CHCl_3),与天然品的混合熔点不降低,其IR、~1H NMR、MS、TLC R_1值和GC亦完全一致. 在推定6的结构时,我们曾将5的碱性过氧化氢氧化反应分步进行.先用碱水解,结果得     

青蒿素及其类似物的~(13)C NMR研究

青蒿素为一新类型抗疟药,是我国学者从黄花蒿Artemisia annua L.中分得的含过氧基团的倍半萜内酯,它的化学结构和性质已有报道.从生源角度看,青蒿素属桉叶醇内酯(Eudesmeaolide)型,目前国内外对此类醇内酯的~(13)C NMR研究较少.本文报道青蒿素(1)及其一些类似物(2～9)的~(13)C NMR的谱线归属及其取代基效应的研究,以便为这类化合物的结构鉴定提供某种判据.     

七个倍半萜α-亚甲基-γ-内酯的圆二色散的研究

旋光色散(ORD)和圆二色散(CD)已是研究立体化学的可靠工具.本文报道用CD对以青蒿素降解物为原料合成的化合物1、2、3、4及以青蒿酸为原料合成的化合物5、6、7(它们都是倍半萜α-亚甲基-γ-内酯类化合物)的B环和C环的稠合方式进行了研     

五内酯丙和五内酯丁的结构研究

从襄樊产五味子中除分得已报道之襄五脂素、五内酯甲和五内酯乙外,又分得微量的两个新成分:五内酯丙和五内酯丁。经UV,IR,MS,~1HNMR,~(13)CNMR及CD证明它们的结构为1a和2a。     

线叶旋复花化学成分的研究

1964年我们从菊科植物线叶旋复花(Inula linariaefolia Turcz)中提得一个新的倍半萜内酯,药理试验表明具有明显的抗肿瘤Hela细胞、祛痰、抑制霉菌等活性。通过波谱分析并结合早期的化学工作,现已确定它即为同属植物I.britannica中分得的britanin,但britanin的立体结构尚未见报道。根据~1HNMR以及其衍生物的旋光谱的研究,推定britanin的立体结构应为ambros ll(13)-en-2β,4β,6α,8α-tetraol-12-oic-(12,8)-lactone,26-aiacetate(7),分子中的七元环则以椅式构象存在。此外,还鉴定了同一植物中分得的另成分为蒲公英醇软脂酸酯(taraxasteryl palmitate)。     

瑞香科植物中若干二萜原酸酯的质谱研究

本文系统研究了从瑞香科植物中分得的二萜原酸酪(1～12)的电子轰击质谱反应.这类化合物有相当明确的质谱-结构关系.在阐明裂解机制的基础上,确定了三种新的类似物的结构,它们分别为唐古特瑞香甲素(5)、黄瑞香甲素(6)及15,16-二氢瑞香毒素(13).     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.