The application of 2D base force element method (BFEM) to geometrically non-linear analysis

Based on the concept of the base forces by Gao, a new finite element method – the base force element method (BFEM) on complementary energy principle for two-dimensional geometrically non-linear problems is presented. A 4-mid-node plane element model of the BFEM for geometrically non-linear problem is derived by assuming that the stress is uniformly distributed on each sides of a plane element. The explicit formulations of the control equations for the BFEM are derived using the modified complementary energy principle. The BFEM is naturally universal for small displacement and large displacement problems. A number of example problems are solved using the BFEM and the results are compared with corresponding analytical solutions and those obtained from the standard displacement finite element method. A good agreement of the results, and better performance of the BFEM, compared to the displacement model, in the large displacement and large rotation calculations, is observed.     

基于余能原理的有限变形问题有限元列式

利用基面力概念,推导了一种基于余能原理的有限变形问题显式有限元列式,可应用于结构的大位移、大转动问题。以基面力为状态变量来表达单元的余能,将有限变形情况下的单元余能分解为变形余能部分和转动余能部分,利用Lagrange乘子法推导出余能原理有限元的控制方程,编制了相应的非线性有限元程序。通过算例分析,说明该列式和程序的可靠性和精确性。     

基面力概念在几何非线性余能有限元中的应用

以基面力为基本未知量描述一个弹性系统的应力状态并表征单元的余能,将大变形的余能分解为变形余能部分和转动余能部分,采用Lagrange乘子法放松单元的平衡方程,利用已有的弹性大变形余能原理建立了一种几何非线性显式有限元模型,编制了相应的几何非线性余能原理有限元程序. 数值算例表明:该方法具有较好的收敛性和计算精度,可进行大载荷步的大位移、大转动计算.      

浅曲梁大挠度分析的余能有限元方法

以高玉臣提出的弹性大变形余能原理为基础,利用Lagrange乘子,放松平衡方程和力边界条件对余能泛函的约束,推导出广义的余能原理.根据极分解定理,将变形分为刚性转动和纯变形两部分,则余能也包含相应的两部分,一部分与刚性转动有关,而另一部分与纯变形有关.使用线弹性本构关系,建立了可用于几何非线性计算的有限元模型.应用更新的Lagrange列式法,给出了增量形式的有限元公式.数值计算结果表明,该方法可用于浅曲粱的几何大变形计算.     

基于基面力概念的一种新型余能原理有限元方法

在高玉臣(2003)提出的单元柔度矩阵表达式的基础上,基于基面力的概念,利用余能原理和Lagrange乘子法推导出以基面力为基本未知量的余能原理有限元支配方程张量表达式和节点位移表达式,编制出相应的有限元程序,通过对一些典型的弹性理论问题的计算分析,数值解与理论解相吻合。研究表明,这种方法简单而有效,是有限元方法的一种新思路,具有较好的应用前景。     

THE PARAMETRIC VARATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND NON-LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF ASTROMESH ANTENNA STRUCTURES

针对大型周边桁架式索网天线由拉索拉压模量不同引起的本构非线性和结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题,给出了基于参变量变分原理的几何非线性有限元方法. 首先针对含预应力索单元拉压模量不同分段描述的本构关系,通过引入参变量,导出了基于参变量及其互补方程的统一描述形式,避免了传统算法需要根据当前变形对索单元张紧/松弛状态的预测,提高了算法收敛性. 然后利用拉格朗日应变描述索网天线结构大变形问题,结合几何非线性有限元法,建立了基于参变量的非线性平衡方程和线性互补方程;并给出了牛顿-拉斐逊迭代法与莱姆算法相结合的求解算法. 数值算例验证了本文提出的算法比传统算法具有更稳定的收敛性和更高的求解精度,特别适合于大型索网天线结构的高精度变形分析和预测.     

索网天线的参变量变分及非线性有限元方法

针对大型周边桁架式索网天线由拉索拉压模量不同引起的本构非线性和结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题,给出了基于参变量变分原理的几何非线性有限元方法. 首先针对含预应力索单元拉压模量不同分段描述的本构关系,通过引入参变量,导出了基于参变量及其互补方程的统一描述形式,避免了传统算法需要根据当前变形对索单元张紧/松弛状态的预测,提高了算法收敛性. 然后利用拉格朗日应变描述索网天线结构大变形问题,结合几何非线性有限元法,建立了基于参变量的非线性平衡方程和线性互补方程;并给出了牛顿-拉斐逊迭代法与莱姆算法相结合的求解算法. 数值算例验证了本文提出的算法比传统算法具有更稳定的收敛性和更高的求解精度,特别适合于大型索网天线结构的高精度变形分析和预测.      

基于势能显式基面力元法的再生混凝土细观裂缝研究

为研究再生混凝土内部微裂纹演变过程与再生骨料取代率、骨料分布及骨料形状的关系,建立再生骨料取代率为0％,30％,50％,70％及100％的二维圆形及任意凸多边形随机骨料模型,通过势能显式基面力元法模拟位移控制模式的单轴压缩试验.结果表明:基面力元法可以用于研究再生混凝土等非均质材料的细观断裂损伤;单轴受压时内部微裂纹首...     

Generalized variational principles of symmetrical elasticity problem of large deformations

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Discrete element-embedded finite element model for simulation of soft particle motion and deformation

The motion and deformation of soft particles are commonly encountered and important in many applications. A discrete element-embedded finite element model (DEFEM) is proposed to solve soft particle motion and deformation, which combines discrete element and finite element methods. The collisional surface of soft particles is covered by several dynamical embedded discrete elements (EDEs) to model the collisional external forces of the particles. The particle deformation, motion, and rotation are independent of each other in the DEFEM. The deformation and internal forces are simulated using the finite element model, whereas the particle rotation and motion calculations are based on the discrete element model. By inheriting the advantages of existing coupling methods, the contact force and contact search between soft particles are improved with the aid of the EDE. Soft particle packing is simulated using the DEFEM for two cases: particle accumulation along a rectangular straight wall and a wall with an inclined angle. The large particle deformation in the lower layers can be simulated using current methods, where the deformed particle shape is either irregular in the marginal region or nearly hexagonal in the tightly packed central region. This method can also be used to simulate the deformation, motion, and heat transfer of non-spherical soft particles.     

应用于弹性问题的重心有限元法

摘要：通过几何的方法构造了在任意多边形上的具有重心型格式的平均值插值函数,并利用Galerkin法提出了应用于弹性问题的重心有限元法。重心有限元法的插值函数在多边形单元间是协调的,能够方便的施加本质边界条件。重心有限元法的插值函数对于不同边数的多边形单元具有统一的表达形式,编程实现简便易行,能够方便的应用于复杂几何区域的求解。通过重心有限元法分别进行了小片试验、悬臂梁和复合材料的有效模量的数值模拟。小片试验的计算精度达到了机器精度;悬臂梁的计算结果与解析解的吻合程度较高;复合材料的有效模量的数值模拟结果与传统有限元和解析解吻合得较好,变化趋势合理。     

结构动态应力计算方法研究

复杂结构动态应力的准确计算是一个没有圆满解决的问题。本文以最小余能原理为基础，提出了计算结构动态应力的最小伤痛有法。该方法采用二次分析思想，首先采用常规有限元对结构进行适当离散，计算输出结构所需应力区域的有限元结点位移和加速度动力时程反应，再应用最小余能法计算所求部位的动态应力值。这种方法的优点是它可以与现有的有限元程序有机结合，方便使用；动应力在区域内的分布规律可以由计算者根据具体情况而确定，一般情况下，可以选用二次曲线来逼近动应力在区域内的实际分布，避免了常规有限元法计算结构动应力时必须对单元形函数求导的做法，从而提高了动应力计算精度。计算结果表明：本文方法计算结构动态应力结果较常规有限元法的计算结果有明显改进，特别是当结构变化剧烈时，改进效果更为明显。     

EQUI-STRENGTH DESIGN FOR STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS

In this paper a method for equi-strength design of statically indeterminate beams ispresented,based on the principle of minimum complementary energy.And an analyticalexpression is derived for the stiffness variation of single or multi-span beams under theapplication of arbitrarily distributed loads.concentrated forces and couples.Illustratedexamples concerning beams with fixed width a(?)iable height or sandwich beams withvariable thickness of outer sheets are also given.The comparison with reported resultsshows the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于S-R和分解定理的三维几何非线性无网格法

S-R(strain-rotation)和分解定理克服了经典有限变形理论的一些缺点, 使其可以为几何非线性数值分析提供可靠的理论基础. 对于大变形问题, 由于无网格法(element-free method)避免了对单元网格的依赖, 从而从根本上避免了有限单元法(finite element method, FEM)的单元畸变问题, 保证了求解精度. 因此, 将无网格法和S-R和分解定理结合起来势必能建立一套更加合理可靠的几何非线性数值计算方法. 目前基于S-R 定理的无网格数值方法研究较少并且只能用于二维平面问题的求解, 但实际上绝大多数问题都必须以三维模型来进行处理, 因此建立适用于三维情况的S-R无网格法是非常有必要的. 本文给出了适用于三维情况的S-R 无网格法: 采用由更新拖带坐标法和势能率原理推导出来的增量变分方程, 利用基于全局弱式的无网格Galerkin 法(EFG)得到了用于求解三维空间问题的离散格式. 利用MATLAB编制三维S-R 无网格法程序, 对受均布载荷的三维悬臂梁和四边简支矩形板结构的非线性弯曲问题进行了计算. 最后将所得的数值结果与已有文献进行了比较, 验证了本文的三维S-R无网格数值算法的合理性、有效性和准确性. 本文的三维S-R无网格数值算法可以作为一种可靠的三维几何非线性数值分析方法.      

Analytical solutions to general anti-plane shear problems in finite elasticity

This paper presents a pure complementary energy variational method for solving a general anti-plane shear problem in finite elasticity. Based on the canonical duality–triality theory developed by the author, the nonlinear/nonconvex partial differential equations for the large deformation problem are converted into an algebraic equation in dual space, which can, in principle, be solved to obtain a complete set of stress solutions. Therefore, a general analytical solution form of the deformation is obtained subjected to a compatibility condition. Applications are illustrated by examples with both convex and nonconvex stored strain energies governed by quadratic-exponential and power-law material models, respectively. Results show that the nonconvex variational problem could have multiple solutions at each material point, the complementary gap function and the triality theory can be used to identify both global and local extremal solutions, while the popular convexity conditions (including rank-one condition) provide mainly local minimal criteria and the Legendre–Hadamard condition (i.e., the so-called strong ellipticity condition) does not guarantee uniqueness of solutions. This paper demonstrates again that the pure complementary energy principle and the triality theory play important roles in finite deformation theory and nonconvex analysis.     

Corotational nonlinear analyses of laminated shell structures using a 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element with drilling stiffness

A new 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element is developed for geometrically nonlinear analyses of thin and moderately thick laminated shell structures. The fiat shell element is constructed by combining a quadrilateral area co- ordinate method （QAC） based membrane element AGQ6- II, and a Timoshenko beam function （TBF） method based shear deformable plate bending element ARS-Q12. In order to model folded plates and connect with beam elements, the drilling stiffness is added to the element stiffness matrix based on the mixed variational principle. The transverse shear rigidity matrix, based on the first-order shear deformation theory （FSDT）, for the laminated composite plate is evaluated using the transverse equilibrium conditions, while the shear correction factors are not needed. The conventional TBF methods are also modified to efficiently calculate the element stiffness for laminate. The new shell element is extended to large deflection and post-buckling analyses of isotropic and laminated composite shells based on the element independent corotational formulation. Numerical re- sults show that the present shell element has an excellent numerical performance for the test examples, and is applicable to stiffened plates.     

Stability and vibration of shear deformable plates––first order and higher order analyses

This work presents the highly accurate numerical calculation of the natural frequencies and buckling loads for thick elastic rectangular plates with various combinations of boundary conditions. The Reissener–Mindlin first order shear deformation plate theory and the higher order shear deformation plate theory of Reddy have been applied to the plate’s analysis. The governing equations and the boundary conditions are derived using the dynamic version of the principle of minimum of the total energy. The solution is obtained by the extended Kantorovich method. This approach is combined with the exact element method for the vibration and stability analysis of compressed members, which provides for the derivation of the exact dynamic stiffness matrix including the effect of in-plane and inertia forces. The large number of numerical examples demonstrates the applicability and versatility of the present method. The results obtained by both shear deformation theories are compared with those obtained by the classical thin plate’s theory and with published results. Many new results are given too.     

细胞牵引力显微镜反演方法研究进展

细胞与胞外基质微环境的物理力学相互作用涉及许多复杂的生物信号转导通路,对于细胞的增殖、分化、收缩、迁移和凋亡等都起着重要的调控作用。在单细胞水平上,运用细胞牵引力显微镜方法定量研究细胞活动规律及特点具有重要的生理病理学意义。牵引力显微镜方法的核心在于如何通过基底变形信息反演得到细胞牵引力场。本文首先介绍细胞牵引力反演方法的基本原理,然后针对细胞牵引力求解过程中所涉及到的反问题的病态本性,重点介绍近十几年来细胞牵引力反演算法的研究进展(包括边界元反演算法、基于集中力假设的反演算法、基于积分Boussinesq解的反演算法、基于傅立叶变换的反演算法、基于最优滤波的反演算法等)。     

Flange earing and its control on deepdrawing of anisotropy circular sheets

The Hill's quadric anisotropy yield function and the Barlat-Lian anisotropy yield function describing well anisotropy sheet metal with stronger texture are introduced into a quadric-flow corner constitutive theory of elastic-plastic finite deformation suitable for deformation localization analysis. And then, the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation based on the virtual power principle and the discrete Kirchhoff shell element model including the yield functions and the constitutive theory are established. The focus of the present research is on the numerical simulation of the flange earing of the deep-drawing of anisotropy circular sheets, based on the investigated results, the schemes for controlling the flange earing are proposed. Supported by NSFC(No. 19832020) and National Automobile Dynamic Simulation Laboratory of China.