基面力概念在几何非线性余能有限元中的应用

以基面力为基本未知量描述一个弹性系统的应力状态并表征单元的余能,将大变形的余能分解为变形余能部分和转动余能部分,采用Lagrange乘子法放松单元的平衡方程,利用已有的弹性大变形余能原理建立了一种几何非线性显式有限元模型,编制了相应的几何非线性余能原理有限元程序. 数值算例表明:该方法具有较好的收敛性和计算精度,可进行大载荷步的大位移、大转动计算.      

一种基于基线力的平面几何非线性余能原理有限元模型

以基线力为状态变量,构造几何非线性问题单元的余能,该余能包括变形部分和转动部分．利用高玉臣提出的弹性大变形余能原理,以Lagrange乘子法松弛单元域内的平衡条件,得到了一个以基线力表达的修正的余能原理．在假设平面单元每一个边上的力为均匀分布的条件下,推导出一种几何非线性平面4节点有限元模型．运用MATLAB语言编制出相应的非线性有限元分析程序．数值算例结果表明该模型具有良好的性能．     

基于余能原理的有限变形问题有限元列式

利用基面力概念,推导了一种基于余能原理的有限变形问题显式有限元列式,可应用于结构的大位移、大转动问题。以基面力为状态变量来表达单元的余能,将有限变形情况下的单元余能分解为变形余能部分和转动余能部分,利用Lagrange乘子法推导出余能原理有限元的控制方程,编制了相应的非线性有限元程序。通过算例分析,说明该列式和程序的可靠性和精确性。     

基于基面力概念的一种新型余能原理有限元方法

在高玉臣(2003)提出的单元柔度矩阵表达式的基础上,基于基面力的概念,利用余能原理和Lagrange乘子法推导出以基面力为基本未知量的余能原理有限元支配方程张量表达式和节点位移表达式,编制出相应的有限元程序,通过对一些典型的弹性理论问题的计算分析,数值解与理论解相吻合。研究表明,这种方法简单而有效,是有限元方法的一种新思路,具有较好的应用前景。     

板壳有限变形精确理论及有限元列式

以位移型退化壳理论为基础,提出了板壳模型的有限变形精确理论,该理论引入转动伪矢量概念,充分发挥刚性线段的运动学模型和有限转动矩和作用,精确表达非线性位移－应变关系,抛弃以往的小位移、小应变、小转动增量乃至小加载小长等各种简化假设,并严格遵循能量共轭关系建立有限元平衡方程,能够可靠和有效地用于板壳结构的大位移、大转动分析。算例表明,该文列式在弹性范围内具明显的平方收敛效率,并且计算结果与加载步长无关。由于不受小加载步长、小转动增量等的限制,实现了板壳几何非线性问题的大步长加载。     

弹塑性大变形率问题的一种有限元法

本文在Hill(1958,1959)一般变分原理基础上讨论了弹塑性大变形,双非线性率问题的有限元法,导出了能直接用于有限元计算的率形式的变分方程和虚功方程,本文还从另一角度推导了Tvergaard和Needleman于1984年提出的自我校正法的方程式,阐明了Lagrange乘子λ的含义,并按使用和不使用自我校正法两种情况,对在中心附近存在缩颈形状的初始几何缺陷的圆捧在轴向拉力作用下发生弹塑性大变形时缩颈处的应力分布、变形传播作了计算,比较了两种情况下的计算精度和效率。     

弹性理论中广义变分原理的研究及其在有限元计算中的应用

本文的目的在于说明怎样系统地建立各种广义变分原理,怎样合理地使用各种广义变分原理来改进有限元计算的成效。为了易于说明问题,本文只局限于弹性理论的各种广义变分原理,但其推广并不困难。本文指出,广义变分原理的泛函,可以系统地采用拉格朗日乘子法,把一般有条件的变分原理化为无条件的变分原理来唯一地决定的。拉格朗日乘子所代表的物理量,可以通过变分求极值或驻值的过程求得,从而消除了在建立广义变分原理的泛函时,人们经常陷入的象猜谜一样的困境。本文也指出:我们同样可以用拉格朗日乘子法把一般有多个条件的变分原理,化为条件个数较少的变分原理。我们称变分条件减少了的变分原理为各级不完全的广义变分原理。凡是把全部变分条件都消除了的变分原理,称为完全的广义变分原理,或简称广义变分原理;实际上是完全无条件的变分原理。本文建立了弹性小位移变形理论中的各级不完全的广义位能原理,和各级不完全的广义余能原理,包括从最小位能原理和最小余能原理分别导出的最完全的广义变分原理;并且证明了这两个弹性力学广义变分原理的泛函是等同的。在这些广义变分原理中,包括了Hellinger-Reissner(1950),胡海昌-鹫津久一郎(1955)的广义变分原理。本文也建立了弹性大位移变形理论中的位能原理和余能原理,并建立了有关位能余能的各级不完全的广义变分原理,包括以大位移变形的最小位能和最小余能原理分别导出的弹性力学广义变分原理,并且也证明了在大位移变形情况下,这两个弹性力学的广义变分原理也是等同的。本文除了列举广义变分原理在有限元法上的众所周知的应用外,还补充了三个比较重要的应用范围。     

大变形下初始斜交异性本构方程

采用材料主轴法,建立了初始斜交异性材料在变形构形（Euler描述）下的斜交异性本构方程,以及在初始构形（Lagrange描述）下的形式。具体给出了斜交异性线弹性材料方程的显式,它在Lagrange描述下形式简洁,可方便地用于有限元计算。文中指出,在变形构形下是线弹性的材料,在Lagrange描述下其本构方程一般已成为非线性,我们称之为本构转换非线性。这种非线性在实际的有限元计算中还未引起重视。为理论简明,本构方程是对二维给出的。     

应用非线性有限元法对某止水橡皮进行仿真计算

应用有限元分析软件对某具有超弹性、不可压缩性和大变形性质的伸缩式止水橡皮进行应力应变仿真分析计算。考虑到材料非线性、几何非线性和边界非线性等问题。通过对超弹性橡皮材料的大变形性质作定性的分析。和对止水橡皮在安装过程中的变形分析。计算支臂翼头在受到刚性夹板央紧作用下的应力分布、橡皮与钢夹之间的接触应力分布。从而分析止水橡皮的止水性能。     

浅曲梁大变形分析的杂交应力法

本文基于增量余能原理,导出了用于曲梁几何非线性分析的假定应力杂交模型。根据单元体边界和内部位移的协调内插以及满足单元体内应力平衡的应力分布假定,列出了有限元公式,而最后的矩阵公式中只包含节点未知位移。由此我们建立了二节点、十二个自由度的曲梁单元。由于曲梁几何形状的简单性,我们采用了完全满足应力平衡方程的一致模式。梁单元的有关公式都是在更新的拉格朗日坐标系统(Updated Lagfangjan system)中建立的。最终的数值计算结果表明,用杂交应力模式分析粱结构的大变形是很有效的。     

Base force element method of complementary energy principle for large rotation problems

Using the concept of the base forces, a new finite element method （base force element method, BFEM） based on the complementary energy principle is presented for accurate modeling of structures with large displacements and large rotations. First, the complementary energy of an element is described by taking the base forces as state variables, and is then separated into deformation and rotation parts for the case of large deformation. Second, the control equations of the BFEM based on the complementary energy principle are derived using the Lagrange multiplier method. Nonlinear procedure of the BFEM is then developed. Finally, several examples are analyzed to illustrate the reliability and accuracy of the BFEM.     

Geometrical nonlinear elasto-plastic analysis of tensegrity systems via the co-rotational method

An efficient finite element formulation is presented for geometrical nonlinear elasto-plastic analyses of tensegrity systems based on the co-rotational method. Large displacement of a space rod element is decomposed into a rigid body motion in the global coordinate system and a pure small deformation in the local coordinate system. A new form of tangent stiffness matrix, including elastic and elasto-plastic stages is derived based on the proposed approach. An incremental-iterative solution strategy in conjunction with the Newton-Raphson method is employed to obtain the geometrical nonlinear elasto-plastic behavior of tensegrities. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithm for geometrical nonlinear elasto-plastic analyses of tensegrity structures.     

Analytical solutions to general anti-plane shear problems in finite elasticity

This paper presents a pure complementary energy variational method for solving a general anti-plane shear problem in finite elasticity. Based on the canonical duality–triality theory developed by the author, the nonlinear/nonconvex partial differential equations for the large deformation problem are converted into an algebraic equation in dual space, which can, in principle, be solved to obtain a complete set of stress solutions. Therefore, a general analytical solution form of the deformation is obtained subjected to a compatibility condition. Applications are illustrated by examples with both convex and nonconvex stored strain energies governed by quadratic-exponential and power-law material models, respectively. Results show that the nonconvex variational problem could have multiple solutions at each material point, the complementary gap function and the triality theory can be used to identify both global and local extremal solutions, while the popular convexity conditions (including rank-one condition) provide mainly local minimal criteria and the Legendre–Hadamard condition (i.e., the so-called strong ellipticity condition) does not guarantee uniqueness of solutions. This paper demonstrates again that the pure complementary energy principle and the triality theory play important roles in finite deformation theory and nonconvex analysis.     

基于mbS模式的有限单元法

mbS模式及其有限元法是在固体和结构分析模型中引入薄膜、弯曲和剪切理论,且采用纯拉压、纯弯和纯剪单元进行分析的数值方法。在时空系中剖分物质单元和时间单元上构造以指数函数和贝塞尔函数为插入函数且按Lagrange插值条件的薄膜、弯曲和剪切等基本位移函数,由此得到更加完备和耦合的固体和结构实体单元的变形模式,根据能量泛函变分原理得到静动力有限元基本方程的一致格式。研究表明,mbS模式及其有限元法可用于梁柱和板壳等结构的静动力分析及屈曲分析。     

热冲击下机械结构非线性热力耦合模型的建立

在热弹性耦合理论的基础上，考虑热冲击作用下弹塑性变形功的影响，建立了非线性热力耦合有限元模型。其中包括：基于能量守恒原理建立的非线性瞬态温度场模型；考虑几何非线性及材料非线性的位移场模型；求得改进应力场的最小二乘法模型。基于FEPG软件平台进行了实例求解，计算结果表明了此耦合模型的有效性。此模型的建立，拓展了热力耦合理论的应用范围，具有较高的工程实用价值。     

Generalized variational principles of symmetrical elasticity problem of large deformations

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Studies of nonlinear deformation and stability of noncircular cylindrical shells in transverse bending

The variational finite element method in displacements is used to solve the problem of geometrically nonlinear deformation and stability of cylindrical shells with a noncircular contour of the cross-section. Quadrangle finite elements of shells of natural curvature are used. In the approximations of element displacements, the displacements of elements as solids are explicitly separated. The variational Lagrange principle is used to obtain a nonlinear system of algebraic equations for the unknown nodal finite elements. The system is solved by the method of successive loadings and by the Newton-Kantorovich linearization method. The linear system is solved by the Crout method. The critical loads are determined in the process of solving the nonlinear problem by using the Sylvester stability criterion. An algorithm and a computer program are developed to study the problem numerically. The nonlinear deformation and stability of shells with oval and elliptic cross-sections are investigated in a broad range of variation of the elongation and ellipticity parameters. The shell critical loads and buckling modes are determined. The influence of the deformation nonlinearity, elongation, and ellipticity of the shell on the critical loads is examined.