细胞牵引力显微镜反演方法研究进展

细胞与胞外基质微环境的物理力学相互作用涉及许多复杂的生物信号转导通路,对于细胞的增殖、分化、收缩、迁移和凋亡等都起着重要的调控作用.在单细胞水平上,运用细胞牵引力显微镜方法定量研究细胞活动规律及特点具有重要的生理病理学意义.牵引力显微镜方法的核心在于如何通过基底变形信息反演得到细胞牵引力场.本文首先介绍细胞牵引力反演方...     

基于POD-RBF代理模型的迭代更新反演方法

针对常规的水工大坝等大型工程结构参数反演需要耗费大量有限元正分析机时的问题,建立了具有较好反演精度和泛化性能的POD-RBF代理模型和快速迭代更新反演算法。基于有限元分析获得足量数据样本,利用POD提取本征向量,并使用RBF方法进行插值得到有限元模型的代理模型;同时结合粒子群算法的全局寻优能力和高斯-牛顿法的快速局部收敛优势,建立了一种新的高效率迭代反演方法,并应用于混凝土大坝分区弹性模量反演。结果表明,该方法适用于大坝等大体积混凝土结构的力学参数反演。同时,相较于传统的单一反演方法,该方法在反演效率和反演精度两方面均显示出优势。     

基于Fourier级数展开的Laplace数值逆变换

研究了基于Fourier级数展开的Laplace数值逆变换在黏弹性力学问题中的有效应用,这类方法的关键涉及计算参数的选择. 构造了优化模型,对计算参数寻优,以黏弹性层合圆柱薄壳在轴压下的准静态变形以及受突加内压黏弹性圆筒在平面应变条件下的动应力响应为例阐述方法的应用. 结果表明:通过优化模型能有效地确定计算参数;且当反演参数与计算时间的乘积在一定范围内时,Fourier级数展开法均能给出一致的结果,由此,可按与计算时间成反比的关系来确定反演算法中的参数.      

三维非稳态热传导逆问题反演算法研究

利用表面温度测量来反演热传导方程中的热源项是一类典型的热传导逆问题,在采用有限体积法对三维非稳态热传导问题进行数值求解的基础上,将该热传导逆问题转化为优化问题,建立了伴随方程法和共轭梯度法这两类反演算法. 采用这两类算法对一个典型算例的计算结果表明:建立的两类反演算法是有效的,具有较好的抗噪性能. 此外,对反演算法中计算收敛准则的选取进行了较深入的分析,结果表明,由于热传导逆问题的不适定性,优化过程中目标函数值越小并不意味着反演结果与真值更为接近,可以通过设定合适的收敛准则来模拟正则化项的作用,克服不适定性的影响.      

变几何域传热的表面热流反演方法

变几何域的表面热流反演是一类特殊的热传导逆问题,在再入飞行器烧蚀型防热材料的表面热流反演中具有工程实用价值.本文首先对变几何域传热的正问题计算方法进行了校核验证,然后建立了求解变几何域表面热流反演问题的顺序函数法和共轭梯度法;给出了这两种反演方法的基本思想和算法推导,并针对典型算例进行了仿真.结果表明:两种反演方法都能计算出较好的反演结果,并且算法受测量噪声的影响较小,具有较好的鲁棒性;反演算法能适应不同的几何域变化函数,但几何域变化量的测量误差在表面热流的反演结果中会有较为直接的反映.     

基于遗传算法的混凝土三维非稳态温度场反分析

大体积混凝土结构施工期间的合理温度控制问题非常重要，而精确进行温度计算所需的一些材料参数往往不易直接测得，需要根据一些易测得的量进行反求。本文基于三维瞬态温度场有限元求解理论与反问题理论，建立了混凝土三维瞬态温度场反问题求解数值模型。运用遗传算法寻求非线性反演问题全局最优解，只需要若干点温度实测值便可实现混凝土多个热学参数如绝热温升、导温、导热系数及热交换系鼓等的同时反演，算例对本文反演方法的反演精度及数值稳定性给出了满意的证明。     

弹性动力学反问题的数值反演方法

系统介绍了弹性动力学反问题中各种数值反演方法,包括各种近似下的线性化反演方法;非线性迭代反演方法;确定性和非确定性搜索的优化反演方法;大范围收敛的同伦反演方法以及多尺度反演方法。阐述了各类反演方法的原理、特点、适用范围和存在的局限性,指出了数值反演方法进一步研究的方向。      

基于单层荧光颗粒的三维细胞牵引力的研究

细胞与细胞外微环境的力学相互作用对于细胞迁移、增殖和分化起着至关重要的作用。近年来,基于数字图像相关和数字体积相关方法的细胞牵引力研究得到了广泛的开展。然而,传统的基于数字图像相关的方法只能测量面内的变形;传统的基于数字体积相关的方法将荧光标记颗粒置于水凝胶基底内部,扫描层数过多导致图像采集时间长、光毒性增大。本文中,我们结合激光扫描共聚焦技术和数字体积相关方法,将单层荧光颗粒平铺在水凝胶表面,通过共聚焦显微镜采集细胞迁移过程中不同时刻的图像,采用二阶形函数的数字体积相关方法得到细胞-基底界面处的三维位移场和三维牵引力场。该方法采用单层荧光颗粒,不仅有效地降低了多层激光扫描产生的光毒性,还极大地减少了图像采集时间,从而在扫描同一序列图像时,细胞形态变化相对较小,提高了原始图像的准确性。并且,采用二阶形函数可以描述细胞迁移过程中基底产生的弯曲等更复杂形式的一阶形函数无法描述的变形。     

一种基于复变量求导法的岩土体抗剪强度参数反演新方法

边坡稳定性分析中,岩土体(含结构面)抗剪强度参数的确定至为重要.工程实践中利用边坡上实测的位移数据反演岩土参数是一种理想的参数确定方法.当前采用的位移反分析方法在反演弹性模量、泊松比及地应力等参数时已经取得了较好的成果,但在反演抗剪强度参数时仍未获得理想的结果.本文针对岩土体抗剪强度参数反演中所存在的困难,将复变量求导法、优化方法以及岩土弹塑性有限元法结合起来,提出一种适用于岩土体抗剪强度参数的反演分析新方法,通过测点实测位移反演计算出岩土体的抗剪强度参数.算例结果表明,该方法具有较高的计算精度和搜索效率,是一种值得推广的位移反分析方法.     

松散堆积体工程边坡变形机理分析及支护对策研究

利用表面温度测量来反演热传导方程中的热源项是一类典型的热传导逆问题,在采用有 限体积法对三维非稳态热传导问题进行数值求解的基础上,将该热传导逆问题转化为优化问 题,建立了伴随方程法和共轭梯度法这两类反演算法. 采用这两类算法对一个典型算例的计 算结果表明：建立的两类反演算法是有效的,具有较好的抗噪性能. 此外,对反演算法 中计算收敛准则的选取进行了较深入的分析,结果表明,由于热传导逆问题的不适定性,优 化过程中目标函数值越小并不意味着反演结果与真值更为接近,可以通过设定合适的收敛准 则来模拟正则化项的作用,克服不适定性的影响.     

Propagation of discontinuities in electromagneto generalized thermoelasticity in cylindrical regions

In this work we study wave propagation for a problem of an infinitely long solid conducting circular cylinder whose lateral surface is traction free and subjected to known surrounding temperatures in the presence of a uniform magnetic field in the direction of the axis. The problem is in the context of generalized magneto-thermo-elasticity theory with one relaxation time. Laplace transform techniques are used to derive the solution in the Laplace transform domain. The inversion process is carried out using a numerical method based on Fourier series expansions. Wave propagation in the elastic medium and in the free space, bounding it, is investigated.     

A half-space problem in the theory of generalized thermoelastic diffusion

In this work we consider the problem of a thermoelastic half-space with a permeating substance in contact with the bounding plane in the context of the theory of generalized thermoelastic diffusion with one relaxation time. The bounding surface of the half-space is taken to be traction free and subjected to a time dependent thermal shock. The chemical potential is also assumed to be a known function of time on the bounding plane. Laplace transform techniques are used. The solution is obtained in the Laplace transform domain by using a direct approach. The solution of the problem in the physical domain is obtained numerically using a numerical method for the inversion of the Laplace transform based on Fourier expansion techniques.The temperature, displacement, stress and concentration as well as the chemical potential are obtained. Numerical computations are carried out and represented graphically.     

Linear viscoelastic analysis of a semi-infinite porous medium

This paper considers the problem of a semi-infinite, isotropic, linear viscoelastic half-plane containing multiple, non-overlapping circular holes. The sizes and the locations of the holes are arbitrary. Constant or time dependent far-field stress acts parallel to the boundary of the half-plane and the boundaries of the holes are subjected to uniform pressure. Three types of loading conditions are assumed at the boundary of the half-plane: a point force, a force uniformly distributed over a segment, a force uniformly distributed over the whole boundary of the half-plane. The solution of the problem is based on the use of the correspondence principle. The direct boundary integral method is applied to obtain the governing equation in the Laplace domain. The unknown transformed displacements on the boundaries of the holes are approximated by a truncated complex Fourier series. A system of linear equations is obtained by using a Taylor series expansion. The viscoelastic stresses and displacements at any point of the half-plane are found by using the viscoelastic analogs of Kolosov–Muskhelishvili’s potentials. The solution in the time domain is obtained by the application of the inverse Laplace transform. All the operations of space integration, the Laplace transform and its inversion are performed analytically. The method described in the paper allows one to adopt a variety of viscoelastic models. For the sake of illustration only one model in which the material responds as the standard solid in shear and elastically in bulk is considered. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are demonstrated by the comparison of selected results with the solutions obtained by using finite element software ANSYS.     

Full field analysis of an anti-plane interface crack subjected to dynamic body forces

In this study, the transient full field response of an interface crack between two different media subjected to dynamic body force at one material is investigated. For time t < 0, the bimaterial medium is stress free and at rest. At t = 0, a concentrated anti-plane dynamic point loading is applied at the medium as shown in Fig. 1. The total wave field is due to the effect of this point loading and the scattering of the incident waves by the interface crack. An alternative methodology that is different from the conventional superposition method is used to construct the reflected, refracted and diffracted wave fields. A useful fundamental solution is proposed in this study and the full field solution is determined by superposition of the fundamental solution in the Laplace transform domain. The proposed fundamental problem is the problem of applying an exponentially distributed traction (in the Laplace transform domain) on the interfacial crack faces. The Cagniard–de Hoop method of Laplace inversion is used to obtain the transient solution in time domain. Exact transient closed form solutions for stresses and stress intensity factors are obtained. Numerical results for the time history of stresses and stress intensity factors during the transient process are discussed in detail.     

A frictional receding contact plane problem between a functionally graded layer and a homogeneous substrate

This paper investigates the plane problem of a frictional receding contact formed between an elastic functionally graded layer and a homogeneous half space, when they are pressed against each other. The graded layer is assumed to be an isotropic nonhomogeneous medium with an exponentially varying shear modulus and a constant Poisson’s ratio. A segment of the top surface of the graded layer is subject to both normal and tangential traction while rest of the surface is devoid of traction. The entire contact zone thus formed between the layer and the homogeneous medium can transmit both normal and tangential traction. It is assumed that the contact region is under sliding contact conditions with the Coulomb’s law used to relate the tangential traction to the normal component. Employing Fourier integral transforms and applying the necessary boundary conditions, the plane elasticity equations are reduced to a singular integral equation in which the unknowns are the contact pressure and the receding contact lengths. Ensuring mechanical equilibrium is an indispensable requirement warranted by the physics of the problem and therefore the global force and moment equilibrium conditions for the layer are supplemented to solve the problem. The Gauss–Chebyshev quadrature-collocation method is adopted to convert the singular integral equation to a set of overdetermined algebraic equations. This system is solved using a least squares method coupled with a novel iterative procedure to ensure that the force and moment equilibrium conditions are satisfied simultaneously. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of friction coefficient and nonhomogeneity factor on the contact pressure distribution and the size of the contact region.     

轴对称薄壁结构自由振动的边界元分析

采用双互易法分析薄壁轴对称结构自由振动的特征频率以及特征模态.首先,采用径向基函数插值域积分里的位移,利用双互易法将域积分转化为子午面边界的积分.然后,将边界物理量、基本解和特解展开为傅里叶级数,沿环向积分后得到的边界积分方程可用于轴对称结构带体积力问题和受非对称载荷的动力学分析,其积分域为轴对称结构子午面边界上的线积分,进一步降低了问题的维度和离散的难度.文章详细探讨了源点处于对称轴的特殊情况,根据基本解和特解的退化形式,针对无体积力和有体积力分别给出了处理奇异矩阵的方案.对于薄壁结构,采用双曲正弦变换处理近奇异积分有效提高积分精度.最后将双互易法和双曲正弦变化应用于薄壁轴对称结构带体积力的静力学和自由振动分析.数值结果表明,文章提出的处理奇异矩阵的方法能够有效处理源点处于对称轴的情况;当圆筒厚高比为$10^{-3}$,边界元计算的特征频率的相对误差为$10^{-3}$,且优于有限元的结果.      

有限长滚子黏滑接触分析

有限长线接触在齿轮传动与滚子轴承中广泛存在，滚子端部的应力集中严重影响机械零件的疲劳寿命. 本文中基于矩阵法和重叠半空间模型方法建立了有限长滚子黏滑接触的数值计算模型，利用共轭梯度法和快速傅里叶变换方法对模型进行了求解；并且分析了滚子自由端面和不同切向力对滚子黏滑接触的影响. 结果表明:当两有限长滚子的自由端面完全重合时，切应力在端面不会出现应力集中现象，端面的黏着区域相比于中间截面的黏着区会缩小. 此外，随着切向力的增大，端面黏滑区域的切应力增大.      

Dynamic Green’s Functions for an Anisotropic Multilayered Poroelastic Half-Space

The dynamic responses of an anisotropic multilayered poroelastic half-space to a point load or a fluid source are studied based on Stroh formalism and Fourier transforms. Taking the boundary conditions and the continuity of the materials into consideration, the three-dimensional Green’s functions of generalized concentrated forces (force and fluid source) applied at the free surface, interface and in the interior of a layer are derived in the Fourier transformed domain, respectively. The actual solutions in the frequency domain can further be acquired by inverting the Fourier transform. Finally, numerical examples are carried out to verify the presented theory and discuss the Green’s fields due to three cases of a concentrated force or a fluid source applied at three different locations for an anisotropic multilayered poroelastic half-space.

     

A two dimensional problem for a transversely isotropic generalized thermoelastic thick plate with spatially varying heat source

This paper deals with a two dimensional problem for a transversely isotropic thick plate having heat source. The upper surface of the plate is stress free with prescribed surface temperature while the lower surface of the plate rests on a rigid foundation and is thermally insulated. The study is carried out in the context of generalized thermoelasticity proposed by Green and Naghdi. The governing equations for displacement and temperature fields are obtained in Laplace–Fourier transform domain by applying Laplace and Fourier transform techniques. The inversion of double transform has been done numerically. The numerical inversion of Laplace transform is done by using a method based on Fourier Series expansion technique. Numerical computations have been done for magnesium (Mg) and the results are presented graphically. The results for an isotropic material (Cu) have been deduced numerically and presented graphically to compare with those of transversely isotropic material (Mg).