利用自由基反应合成（S）-（＋）-娃儿藤碱及其类似物

通过自由基反应,成功的合成了（S）-（＋）-娃儿藤碱（1）及其类似物．以2,3,6,7．四甲氧基菲甲酸为原料通过两或三步分别制得（-）-N-（2,3,6,7,四甲氧基-9-菲苄基）．2．溴甲基四氢吡咯（7）和（-）-N-（2,3,6,7-四甲氧基-9-菲甲酰基）-2-溴甲基四氢吡咯（9）．在催化量的偶氮二异丁腈参与下,溴化物（7）与三正丁基氢化锡反应没有得到预期的产物（S）-（＋）-娃儿藤碱,却以较高的收率得到N-（2,3,6,7-四甲氧基-9-菲苄基）哌啶（2）.通过分析机理,改用溴化物（9）为底物在同样的条件下分别以33．6％和65％的收率制得（S）-（＋）-9-娃儿藤酮（10）和（-）-N-（2,3,6,7-四甲氧基-9-菲甲酰基）-2-甲基四氢吡咯（11）．通过实验发现,化合物（10）和（11）的收率与偶氮二异丁腈的加入量密切相关．我们认为偶氮二异丁腈在该反应中充当着双重角色,并提出了可能机理．化合物（10）和（11）经四氢锂铝还原顺利得到（S）-（＋）-娃儿藤碱（1）和其结构类似物（＋）-N-（2,3,6,7-四甲氧基-9-菲苄基）-2-甲基四氢吡咯．     

一种合成娃儿藤碱重要中间体的新方法

以二乙酸碘苯（PIDA,2）为催化剂,分别由3,4-二甲氧基-α-（3,4-二甲氧苯基）一肉桂酸（5a）和（Z-2-（3,4-二甲氧苯基）-3-（3,4-二甲氧苯基）-丙烯腈（5b）为原料,合成了相应的2,3,6,7-四甲氧基-9-羧基菲（6a）和2,3,6,7-四甲氧基-9-氰基菲（6b）,经^1H NMR测试技术表征为关环产物,产率分别为65．83％和64．76％。     

一种基于共保护策略合成谷胱甘肽的新方法

报道了一种采用谷氨酸席夫碱Ni(II)配合物共保护L-谷氨酸α-氨基和α-羧基合成谷胱甘肽(γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸)的新方法. 首先由手性助剂——2-[N-(N’-苄基-脯氨酰)氨基]二苯甲酮(1)、六水合氯化镍和L-谷氨酸反应, 得到谷氨酸席夫碱Ni(II)配合物2, 产率为98%; 进而采用二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)/1-羟基-苯并三氮唑(HOBt)复合缩合剂法与S-苄基-L-半胱氨酸反应, 得到S-苄基-γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸席夫碱Ni(II)配合物3, 产率为90%; 接着同样采用DIC/HOBt复合缩合剂法与甘氨酸反应, 得到S-苄基-γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸席夫碱Ni(II)配合物4, 产率为95%; 然后稀酸水解配合物4, 得到S-苄基-γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸(5), 产率为70%; 最后采用甲酸铵催化转移氢化脱除S-苄基, 得到谷胱甘肽(6), 产率为87%. 中间产物和终产物的结构经由旋光, 1H NMR, 13C NMR和HRMS表征.     

相转移催化法和手性催化加氢法立体选择性地合成Fmoc保护的(S)-3,5-二溴苯丙氨酸

通过两种不对称催化方法合成了(S)-3,5-二溴苯丙氨酸.一种方法是以二苯亚胺甘氨酸叔丁酯和3,5-二溴苄基溴为底物,在O-烯丙基-N-9-蒽甲基溴化辛可宁定催化下,经不对称烷基化反应得到了(S)-3,5-二溴苯丙氨酸的衍生物,ee值达到94.9%,重点优化了不对称相转移催化烷基化反应的条件,得到了最优反应条件.另一种方法是以2-乙酰胺基-3-(3,5-二溴苯基)丙烯酸为底物,在双(1,5-环辛二烯)-三氟甲磺酸铑(I)和(R)-N-二苯基膦-N-甲基-(S)-2-(二苯基膦)二茂铁基乙胺催化下加氢得到乙酰基保护的(S)-3,5-二溴苯丙氨酸,再进行水解反应,最终得到(S)-3,5-二溴苯丙氨酸.经Fmoc的保护,得到Fmoc保护的(S)-3,5-二溴苯丙氨酸,ee值达到94.7%.所述两种方法中,第一种方法产率较高,对映选择性也较高,适合应用于其他手性二卤代苯丙氨酸的合成.     

天然产物Combretastatin A-1和Combretastatin B-1的合成

基于Perkin反应策略合成了具有强效抗肿瘤、抗血管活性的天然产物Combretastatin A-1(CA1)和Combretastatin B-1(CB1).以2,3,4-三羟基苯甲醛(1)为起始物, 经单甲基化反应得到2,3-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(2), 再经酚羟基保护得到2,3-二异丙基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(3), 该化合物与3,4,5-三甲氧基苯乙酸(4)发生Perkin反应分离得到E-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-3-(2',3'-二异丙氧基-4'-甲氧基)丙烯酸(E-5), 经脱羧反应得到Z-3,4,4',5-四甲氧基-2',3'-二异丙氧基二苯乙烯(6), 最后经脱保护反应得到CA1.另外, 将E-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-3-(2',3'-二异丙氧基-4'-甲氧基)丙烯酸(E-5)脱去保护基得到E-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-3-(2',3'-二羟基-4'-甲氧基)丙烯酸(7), 该化合物经脱羧-异构化反应得到E-3,4,4',5-四甲氧基-2',3'-二羟基二苯乙烯(E-CA1), 最后经催化氢化得到CB1.     

四氟乙烯齐聚体的反应 Ⅵ.全氟-3,4-二甲基-4-乙基-2-已烯和脂族胺的反应及3-(N,N-二烷基胺基氟甲叉)-4-三氟甲基-4-五氟乙基-2-全氟已酮的~(19)F NMR研究

全氟-3,4-二甲基-4-乙基-2-己烯(1)和正丁胺(摩尔比1∶2)在乙醚中、三乙胺存在下于室温反应,主要得到2-N-正丁基亚胺基-3-N-正丁基亚胺基甲叉-4-三氟甲基-4-五氟乙基全氟己烷(2a)及少量2-N-正丁基亚胺基-3-羰基甲叉-4-三氟甲基-4-五氟乙基全氟己烷(3a).有水存在时则主     

稠瑗化合物的研究II. 甲.γ-(6-甲氧基-2-羧基-1,2,3,4-四氢化萘-1-)丁酸的拆开乙.d及1-1-羟基-2-甲基-2-甲氧羰基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12,-八氢化菲-1-乙酸甲酯的合成

1.用Cr_2O_3精製過的乙酸爲溶劑,5％ Pd-C爲催化劑,γ-(6-甲氧基-2-羧基-3,4-二氫化萘-1-)丁酸很容易還原爲γ(6-甲氧基-2-羧基-1,2,3,4-四氫化萘-1-)丁酸。由此反應,祇得到一個非對映體爲主要產品。將此非對映體在純甲醇溶液內與馬錢子鹼化合,得到兩部分溶解度不同的鹽。溶解度較小的鹽結晶析出。此部分爲l-γ-(6-甲氧基-2-羧基-1,2,3,4-四氫化萘-1-)丁酸-馬錢子鹼鹽。由此鹽得到 l-γ(6-甲氧基-2-羧基-1,2,3,4-四氫化萘-1-)丁酸。將溶劑除去後得到的剩餘物爲d-γ-(6-甲氧基-2-羧基-1,2,3,4-四氫化萘-1-)丁酸馬錢子鹼鹽。由此部分得到d-γ-(6-甲氧基-2-羧基-1,2,3,4-四氫化萘-1-)丁酸。 2.由1-γ-(6-甲氧基-2-甲氧羰基-1,2,3,4-四氫化萘-1-)丁酸甲酯用Dieck-mann反應及甲基化後,得到d-1-酮-2-甲基-2-甲氧羰基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12-八氫化菲的非對映體混合物。由d-γ-(6-甲氧基-2-甲氧羰基-1,2,3,4-四氫化萘-1-)丁酸甲酯用Dieckmann反應及甲基化後,得到1-1-酮-2-甲基-2-甲氧羰基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12-八氫化菲的非對映體混合物。由每一組非對映體混合物,我們現在祇分離了在丙酮-石油醚混合溶劑中溶解度最小的那部分結晶體。 3.由d-1-酮-2-甲基-2-甲氧羰基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12-八氫化菲及溴代乙酸甲酯,用Reformatsky反應,得到d-1-羥基-2-甲基-2-甲氧羰基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12-八氫化菲-1-乙酸甲酯。由l-1-酮-2-甲基-2-甲氧羰基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12-八氫化菲及溴代乙酸甲酯,用Reformatsky反應,得到l-1-羥基-2-甲基-2-甲氧羰基-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12-八氫化菲-1-乙酸甲酯。     

手性酰亚胺衍生物的合成及其在不对称Aldol反应中的应用

由(S)-脯氨醇衍生的N-Boc-2-氨甲基吡咯烷与邻苯二甲酸酐经缩合、脱Boc反应,合成了手性酰亚胺化合物(S)-N-(吡咯烷-2-基甲基)苯邻二甲酰亚胺(4),研究了其在辅助添加剂2,4-二氯苯甲酸存在下,催化丙酮或环己酮与邻硝基苯甲醛的不对称Aldol反应,产物的产率分别为75%,82%,ee值分别为34%,29%。     

稠環化合物的研究I.7-甲氧基-1-氧代-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢化菲和γ-溴代巴豆酸甲酯的反应;dl-同去氢雌马酮的合成及由其甲醚的降遞而制成dl-去氢雌马酮

(1)利用γ-溴代巴豆酸甲酯及7-甲氧基-1-氧代-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氫化菲的Reformatsky反應,催化加氫及水解後,得到γ-1-羥基-7-甲氧基-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氫化菲-1-丁酸。此酸可用P_2O_5環化,得到去氫同去氫雌馬酮-3-甲醚。此不飽和酮用5％Pd-C為觸媒,催化加氫後,得到dl-3-甲氧基同去氫雌馬酮。 (2)用KOI為氧化劑,自dl-3-甲氧基同去氫雌馬酮製得β-7-甲氧基-2-甲基-2-羧基-1,2,3,4-四氫化菲-1-丙酸。按照Bachmann等氏的方法,自此酸製得dl-去氫雌馬酮。     

一种含三氟甲基和咕吨结构聚酰胺的合成与性能

在浓硫酸和3-巯基丙酸催化下,3'-三氟甲基苯基-2,2,2-三氟苯乙酮(1)和甲苯于40～50℃下缩合反应8 h,制得中间体-1,1-二(4-甲基苯基)-1-(3'-三氟甲基苯基)-2,2,2-三氟甲基乙烷(2),继而在光照和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺促进下,将中间体氧化得到二羧酸-1,1-二(4-羧基苯基)-1-(3'-三...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.