天花粉蛋白C-端顺序的测定

采用肼解法、乙内酰硫脲法和羧肽酶法检测了天花粉蛋白的C-端氨基酸有二,分别为Met和Ala借计算机辅助的羧肽酶法, 测定了天花粉蛋白C-端顺序, 其结果显示C-端是非均一的, 有两个未端, 分别为-ArgAsnAsnMetOH和-ArgAsnAsnMetAlaOH.这些结论已经从天花粉蛋白的溴化氰降解物中获得游离的Ala, 和从该蛋白的胰蛋白酶酶解物中分离得与该两顺序相符的两个碎片而完全证实.     

栝楼蛋白 2: 栝楼蛋白部分化学结构的初步测定

栝楼蛋白(Trichobitacin)是从栝楼(Trichosanthes kirilowiiMaxim, Cucurbitaceae)中新发现的核糖体失活蛋白, 分子量为27,228; pI为9.6。应用基质辅助的激光解析飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)和快原子轰击质谱法(FAB-MS)分别测定胰蛋白酶酶解栝楼蛋白和天花粉蛋白(Trichosanthin)的混合肽质谱, 通过比较发现了一些分子量相同的肽。由于这两种蛋白质都来源于栝楼块根, 同源性比较强, 所以这些肽序列在两种蛋白质中基本一样; 再结合蛋白N-端自动顺序仪测定栝楼蛋白N-端的结果, 确定了栝楼蛋白N-端38个氨基酸的顺序, 栝楼蛋白经胰蛋白酶酶解后所得肽段用HPLC分离纯化, 再用蛋白质自动顺序仪, DABITC/PITC双偶合手工法和质谱法共确定了栝楼蛋白N-端, C-端等100多个氨基酸残基的序列。     

栝楼蛋白 2: 栝楼蛋白部分化学结构的初步测定

栝楼蛋白(Trichobitacin)是从栝楼(Trichosanthes kirilowiiMaxim, Cucurbitaceae)中新发现的核糖体失活蛋白, 分子量为27,228; pI为9.6。应用基质辅助的激光解析飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)和快原子轰击质谱法(FAB-MS)分别测定胰蛋白酶酶解栝楼蛋白和天花粉蛋白(Trichosanthin)的混合肽质谱, 通过比较发现了一些分子量相同的肽。由于这两种蛋白质都来源于栝楼块根, 同源性比较强, 所以这些肽序列在两种蛋白质中基本一样; 再结合蛋白N-端自动顺序仪测定栝楼蛋白N-端的结果, 确定了栝楼蛋白N-端38个氨基酸的顺序, 栝楼蛋白经胰蛋白酶酶解后所得肽段用HPLC分离纯化, 再用蛋白质自动顺序仪, DABITC/PITC双偶合手工法和质谱法共确定了栝楼蛋白N-端, C-端等100多个氨基酸残基的序列。     

计算机辅助的羧肽酶法测定多肽羧端顺序

在初步用计算机辅助的羧肽酶法测定了天花粉蛋白C-端顺序的基础上, 进一步设计了两个计算机程序-DPS程序和CPA程序. 用合成小肽和天然的肽对这两个计算机程序进行模型实验证明, 运用这两个程序能分别满意地从羧肽酶的酶解动力学曲线中获得重要的C-端顺序信息, 并测定了天花粉蛋白分子中未知肽段CB-3的C-端顺序为: -SerAlaSerAlaLeuHserOH, 这一顺序后来已经其他实验结果所证实. 本法不仅使C-端顺序测定延长至七个氨基酸, 而且还基本上解决了多肽或蛋白质含有多种多次重复氨基酸残基的C-端顺序测定.     

天花粉蛋白中色氨酸肽键的化学降解研究

用BNPS-Skatole试剂,对琥珀酰化天花粉蛋白的胰白酶酶解肽片段TIG2进行了色氨酸肽键的化学降解。分离纯化了降解反应所生成的肽片段,并测定了新产生的N-端肽片段的氨基酸排列顺序。     

天花粉蛋白化学 Ⅳ.天花粉蛋白的基本一级结构

前文报道从我国民间用于引产的中草药天花粉中提取到活性组分结晶天花粉蛋白和它的物理化学性质,N-端氨基酸顺序的测定及其溴化氰降解碎片CBa的顺序分析. 天花粉蛋白是一个由224个氨基酸残基组成的单一肽链的简单蛋白质,其N-末端残基为Asp,C-端顺序经羧肽酶A测定,并结合其水解动力学的计算机拟合为     

天花粉蛋白基因的克隆、序列测定及在大肠杆菌和烟草中的表达

本文利用DNA多聚酶链式反应(PCR)技术,从括楼基因组DNA中扩增并克隆了天花粉蛋白基因,核苷酸序列分析结果表明,我们克隆的是天花粉蛋白的成熟肽及N端23个氨基酸的信号的编码序列,与前人从基因组或cDNA中克隆的该基因的比较发现,其同源性为99.25％,并且证实与发表的蛋白质一级结构的序列有较大差异,将该基因克隆到大肠杆菌高效表达质粒pJLA_(502)的P_RP_L启动子下游,通过温度诱导,得到了表达产物,进一步将该基因克隆到植物中间载体pE_3的花椰菜花叶病毒35S启动子下游,应用根癌农杆菌Ti质粒介导的遗传转化系统,成功地将该基因导入了烟草基因组,获得了转基因植株,Western blotting分析结果证实,天花粉蛋白基因已在大肠杆菌和转基因烟草中表达。     

天花粉蛋白的C端测定

天花粉蛋白(trichosanthin)是从葫芦科植物(Culurbitaceae)括楼(trichosantheskerilowii Maxim)的块根中提取的一种植物性蛋白质。该蛋白质有中期妊娠引产、抗早孕和治疗其它有关妇产科疾病的效力。根据已经测定的结果,该蛋白质系由19种约219个氨基酸组成,估计其分子量为24000。本项研究的主要目的是测定天花粉蛋白的C端和C端的部分氨基酸顺序。     

天花粉蛋白2.6分辨率的晶体学修正

本文报道了用溶剂过滤法改善电子密度图,依据Collins提出的一级结构,重新建立天花粉蛋白分子模型。使用2.6分辨率衍射强度数据和约束参数最小二乘法,对处于晶体学不对称单元中两个天花粉蛋白分子(共3828个非氢原子)进行晶体学修正。修正结果,偏离因子R=0.223,键长根均方误差r.m.s=0.023,新的分子模型和以2F_0-F_o为系数的电子密度图符合甚好。     

天花粉蛋白2.6A分辨率的晶体和分子结构

天花粉蛋白晶体已经在2.6A分辨率进行晶体学修正,本文将详细描述天花粉蛋白的晶体和分子结构,在总结8种核糖体失活蛋白氨基酸顺序规律的基础上,结合天花粉蛋白晶体和分子结构对15个最保守的氨基酸残基进行分析,发现Gin 156,Glul60,Arg 163和Glu189 4个最保守的极性氨基酸残基聚集在大小结构域交界处的分子表面上,构成了蛋白分子的活性中心。     

天花粉蛋白的化学 III:溴化氰降解片段CBa的氨基酸顺序

The results from the study on the separation, purification, amino acid composition and amino acid sequence of CBa, one of the four CNBr degradation fragments of crystalline trichosanthin, are presented. Its amino acid composition is: Asp3, Thr2, Ser2, Hse1, Glu2, Gly2, Ala6, Val1, Tyr3, Phe3, Lys2, Arg1. The sequence of the CBa is Gly-Tyr-Arg-Ala-Gly-Asp-Thr-Ser- Tyr-Phe-Phe-Asn-Glu-Ala-Ser-Ala-Thr-Glu-Ala-Ala-Lys-Tyr-Val- Phe-Lys-Asp-Ala-Hso.     

C-Terminal sequencing of trichosanthin

Preliminary identification of C-terminus of trichosanthin by chemical and enzymic methods, such as hydrazinolysis, thiohydantoin reaction and carboxypeptidase hydrolysis, showed that there may be the possible presence of more than one terminus, i.e., Met and Ala but complicated by side reactions. A computer-assisted carboxypeptidase method was first introduced by the authors to determine the C-terminal sequence of trichosanthin, and showed that trichosanthin is heterogeneous at its C-terminus and has two C-terminal sequences determined as -Arg-Asn-Asn-Met-OH and -Arg-Asn-Asn-Met-Ala-OH respectively. These results have been later unambiguously confirmed by the results from other experiments through the identification of the free alanine always present in the CNBr degradation products of trichosanthin, and the actual separation of two fragments from the finger prints as well as from the HPLC fractions of the trypsin digest of this protein. All shows that their amino acid sequences, determined by manual DABITC/PITC technique, agree well with those of the two C-terminal sequences determined by the computer-carboxy peptidase method.     

天花粉蛋白溶液构象与稳定性及生物活性的关系

用圆二色性研究了天花粉蛋白在不同PH,不同温度和不同的时间条件下的溶液构象变化.阐明了天花粉蛋白溶液的外部环境,并研究了天花粉蛋白的溶液构象与抗生育活性的关系,结果表明随着溶液中a-helix含量的增加,抗生育活性也相应增加,当a-helix含量减少到15%以下,其抗生育活性也就丧失.     

Chemistry of trichosanthin: VII. The chemical cleavage of the tryptophanyl peptide bond in trichosanthin

The single tryptophan residue of trichosanthin was cleaved by the use of BNPS-skatole reaction with STIG2 peptide fregment which was obtained from the tryptic digestion of N-succinyl trichosanthin. After separation, the N-terminal sequence of tryptophanyl C-side peptide was determined by use of manual DABITC-PITC double coupling sequencing method as follows: -Leu-Ala-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Ile-Gln-Ile-Ala-.     

The aggregation of trichosanthin in aqueous solution

As a kind of cytotoxin extracted from the root tuber of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim (Cucurbitaceae), trichosanthin can selectively bind to and kill the placental trophoblastic cells, which leads to a number of biomedical applications including the inhibition of trophoblastic tumors. However, the stability of trichosanthin in living organism is still one of the problems hindering the effectiveness of its applications. In this study, laser light scattering has been used successfully to investigate the stability of trichosanthin in both deionized water and KSCN aqueous solution in terms of the hydrodynamic size distribution of the trichosanthin aggregates as a function of both time and the salt concentration. It is found that the size distribution is always a bimodal one. One peak corresponds to a single trichosanthin chain; the other corresponds to the trichosanthin aggregates, which have an average hydrodynamic radius of ∼ 49 nm and are composed of ∼ 127 trichosanthin molecules when C_KSCN is higher than 0.5 mol/L. This implies that there exists an equilibrium between the single trichosanthin chain and its aggregates [i.e., nT ⇄ (T)_n]. Our results also suggest that the aggregates are made of the loosely packed trichosanthin molecules and behave as flexible polymer chains in θ solvent. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Primary structure of β-momorcharin,a ribosome-inactivating protein from the seeds of Momordica Charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae)

The complete amino acid sequence of β-momorcharin, a ribosome-inactivating protein from the seeds of Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been determined. This has been done by the sequence analysis of peptides obtained by enzymatic digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin and S.aureus V8 protease, as well as by chemical cleavage with BNPS-skatole. The protein consists of 249 amino acid residues containing one asparagine - linked sugar group attached to the site of Asn 51 and has a calculated relative molecular mass of 28,452 Da without addition of the carbohydrate. Comparison of this sequence with those of trichosanthin and other ribosome-inactivating proteins from different species of plants shows a significant homology with each other. Regarding the similarity of their biological properties, an active domain of these proteins has been predicted here.     

Crystal structure of the complex of trichosanthin with NADPH at 0.172 nm resolution

The orthorhombic crystal structure of the complex of trichosanthin with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate has been determined by molecular replacement method using one of the molecules of the monoclinic crystal structure of trichosanthin at 0.27 nm resolution as the search model. The crystallographic refinement at 0.172 nm resolution led to a final R-factor of 17.4% with root-mean-square deviations of 0.0013 nm and 3.8 from the ideal bond lengths and bond angles, respectively. The quality of the structure, the polypeptide chain fold and the comparison of it with that of the monoclinic trichosanthin structure, the location of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the active site structure as well as the solvent structure are described.