硫脲树脂的合成及其对金属离子的吸附性能

采用双(异硫氰酸甲酸)丁二酯分别与二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、多乙烯多胺单体进行加聚反应制得4种主链上含有硫脲基团的新型螯合树脂PETU-Ⅰ～PETU-Ⅳ。红外光谱分析表明,树脂中存在硫脲基团,树脂热稳定性和溶胀性能良好。用静态吸附法研究了PETU树脂对金属离子的吸附性能,4种树脂对Au(Ⅲ)的吸附容量分别为2.48、2.68、4.74和6.44mmol/g,对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附容量分别为2.15、3.53、3.74和3.98mmol/g,对Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)等金属离子吸附容量低于0.36mmol/g;PETU-Ⅳ对Au-Cu和Au-Zn的分离因子>1000,PETU-Ⅱ对Ag-Cu和Ag-Zn的分离因子>10,说明树脂对Au(Ⅲ)、Ag(Ⅰ)具有较高的吸附容量和优良的吸附选择性。PETU-Ⅳ树脂重复使用5次,吸附容量无明显下降,说明树脂具有良好的重复利用性能。     

多模板分子印迹三聚氰胺-间苯二酚-甲醛树脂的水相制备及应用

以新烟碱农药噻虫嗪和氯噻啉为模板,纳米二氧化硅为载体,间苯二酚和三聚氰胺为双功能单体,甲醛和乙腈分别为交联剂和致孔剂,在水相中制备了分子印迹树脂。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、热重分析、氮气吸附/解吸和等温吸附平衡实验等对制备的分子印迹树脂进行表征和性能评价。结果表明,分子印迹树脂对噻虫嗪和氯噻啉具有选择性吸附能力,其最大吸附容量分别为15.68μg/mg和28.17μg/mg。以制备的分子印迹树脂为吸附材料,用于番茄浸提液中噻虫嗪、氯噻啉的加标回收实验,回收率为81.7%～95.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定麻辣烫中喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了麻辣烫中14种喹诺酮类药物残留的超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。采用酸化乙腈提取麻辣烫中的喹诺酮类药物残留,提取溶液经盐析和C18固相萃取柱净化后,在电喷雾离子源中正离子模式下,采用多反应监测(MRM)方式进行测定,内标法定量。结果显示,14种喹诺酮类药物在7.5~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.990。在3个不同加标水平下的平均回收率为75.4%~110.0%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%~10.1%,14种化合物的检出限和定量下限分别为0.5,1.5μg/kg。该方法操作简单、快速,净化效果好,灵敏度高,适用于麻辣烫中多种喹诺酮类药物残留的同时定性和定量检测。     

三聚氰胺-甲醛-三乙烯四胺树脂的合成及其对痕量银的吸附性能研究与应用

以甲醛为交联剂,以三聚氰胺、三乙烯四胺为原料合成了一种新型的三聚氰胺-甲醛-三乙烯四胺(MF-TETA)分离树脂,研究了MF-TETA分离树脂对痕量银的分离富集性能,探讨了MF-TETA分离树脂对银的吸附原理与最佳条件。在pH6.0、温度为35℃的条件下,试液中的银可被MF-TETA树脂定量吸附,其静态饱和吸附容量为32 mg/g,吸附在树脂上的银可用10 mL0.05 mol/L HNO3完全洗脱,洗脱液中的银用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定。该法对银的检出限为16 ng/mL(3σ,n=11),线性范围为0.05~5mg/mL,RSD=2.2%,回收率在95.8%~102.0%之间,方法可用于中草药中痕量银的测定。     

免疫亲和色谱-HPLC-FLD法测定动物肝脏中10种喹诺酮类药物残留

利用免疫亲和色谱净化技术建立了可同时检测动物肝脏组织中10种喹诺酮类药物(麻保沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、单诺沙星、洛美沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星、二氟沙星、恶喹酸和氟甲喹)的高效液相色谱检测方法.对利用喹诺酮抗体制备的免疫亲和色谱柱的性能、操作条件进行了考察和优化.抗体的偶联量为5 g/L,其对10种喹诺酮药物的柱容量为3.75～6.67 μmol/L gel(1425～2135 mg/L gel),选用V(甲醇):V(PBS)＝7:3作为洗脱溶液,连续使用12次后,QNs的柱容量仍能达到初始柱容量的38%～45%;IAC柱重复使用20次后,药物的回收率与样品的净化效果无明显变化.动物肝脏组织样品用PBS溶液提取,IAC柱净化,HPLC-FLD检测.方法的线性范围为0.15～200 μg/L,相关系数大于0.9989,检出限为0.05～0.15 μg/kg;10种喹诺酮类药物在动物肝脏的平均回收率为74.7%～94.8%,相对标准偏差为3.9%～12 1%.     

树脂吸附法纯化赤霉素

对比了几种大孔吸附树脂对赤霉素发酵液的吸附、解吸性能,实验发现,自制R4树脂的动态饱和吸附容量高达58.38mg/g干树脂,自制R5树脂的动态饱和吸附容量高达96.46mg/g干树脂,R5树脂的吸附容量明显高于R4,这与树脂的比表面积一致.50%(VIV)甲醇水溶液具有较好的解吸性能,收率高达95%以上,经过树脂一步吸附-解吸,赤霉素的浓度可平均提高5倍以上,集中收集最高可提高15倍以上,这对于工业化生产中,赤霉素的进一步结晶析出具有重要意义.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速分析化妆品中17种喹诺酮类药物

建立了一种水剂、乳液和非蜡基膏霜类化妆品中17种喹诺酮类药物的超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q Orbitrap HRMS)分析方法。样品采用0.1%甲酸(体积分数)乙腈混合溶液超声提取,正己烷液液萃取脱脂,经Agilent Poroshell EC C_(18)(4.6 mm×150 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱分离后,以全扫描/二级离子扫描(Full Scan/dd-MS~2)进行定性筛查和定量检测,内标法定量。结果表明,17种喹诺酮类药物均在0.05～20.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r~20.996 0),检出限和定量下限分别为0.5、1.0μg/kg。在2、4、20μg/kg 3个加标水平下,回收率为82.3%～108%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为3.5%～8.6%。该方法快速准确,灵敏度高,可用于化妆品中喹诺酮类药物的测定。     

含亚硫酸乙烯酯和碳酸乙烯酯功能基树脂的合成及其对贵金属离子的选择吸附性

制备了高功能基转化率的孪二羟基树脂,由此合成了含亚硫酸乙烯酯功能基(2.30毫摩尔/克树脂)和碳酸乙烯酯功能基(2.57毫摩尔/克树脂)的树脂4和5。在酸度范围内树脂4选择吸附Pt(Ⅱ),两者对Au(Ⅲ) 有高选择吸附性,而很少吸附共存的Pd(Ⅱ)、Pt(Ⅳ)及铁、钴、镍、铜、锰、锌、铅、镉等二价金属离子。树脂4对金的吸附容量为126(毫克 Au(Ⅲ)/克树脂),分配系数Kd为824(毫升/克),一次洗脱率达85％。树脂5的吸附容量为46.0(毫克 Au(Ⅲ)/克树脂),Kd为84.1(毫升/克)。两种树脂吸附Au(Ⅲ)的速率T_(1/2)分别为1、0.8小时.     

高比表面极性大孔树脂的结构设计及在甜菊糖Rebaudioside D苷分离中的应用

基于高交联聚苯乙烯树脂骨架上悬挂双键的二次引发,设计合成了一类弱极性酯基功能基含量较高且兼具高比表面积的新型大孔吸附树脂,在吸附分离中表现出偶极-疏水协同作用机制,用于甜菊糖中结构相近的单体糖苷Rebaudioside D (简称RD)的分离纯化,克服了传统吸附树脂的选择性和吸附容量不能兼顾的缺点,对甜菊糖粗提物纯化后,RD苷的纯度由7.1%提高到51.2%。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量铂和钯

以聚氨酯泡沫塑料为吸附剂于静态操作条件下,对痕量铂和钯的选择性吸附分离的方法进行了研究。试验表明,泡塑在3.6～4.8mol·L-1HCl溶液与40g·L-1SnCl2溶液构成的吸附介质中,对铂、钯的吸附性能很好,饱和吸附容量为12.90～19.24mg·g-1,钯平均吸附率为95.81%,铂平均吸附率为98.35%,吸附到泡塑中的铂、钯可用灰化法回收,富集倍数可达100倍。结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法,可用于地质样品中痕量铂、钯的富集分离和测定。方法经标准样品分析验证,铂、钯的测定结果与推荐值吻合,标样及样品分析的RSD≤6.5%(n=12)。     

Stability-indicating capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of metformin hydrochloride,saxagliptin hydrochloride,and dapagliflozin in pharmaceutical tablets

A capillary electrophoretic method coupled to a diode array detector (CE-DAD) was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of metformin hydrochloride (MET), the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor saxagliptin hydrochloride (SAX), and the sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT 2) inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAP). The proposed method was used for the determination of these drugs in binary antidiabetic combinations namely, SAX/MET, combination I, DAP/MET, combination II, and SAX/DAP, combination III. CE separation was performed on a fused silica capillary with background electrolyte consisting of 30?mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) with a high voltage of 30?kV, a pressure of 20 mbar, and an injection time of 40?s. The compounds were detected at 203?nm for SAX/DAP and 250?nm for MET. The method was linear in the concentration range of 10–200?µ?g/mL (SAX), 1.25–50?µ?g/mL (DAP), and 7.5–1000?µ?g/mL (MET). Full validation of the proposed method was performed as per the ICH guidelines. The obtained errors and deviation values did not exceed 2% assessing good accuracy and precision, respectively. The stability-indicating potential of the proposed method was proved under different stress-degradation conditions. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the three binary combinations in their tablets.     

Preparation of strong anion-exchange chromatographic packings based on monodisperse polymeric beads and their application in the separation of biopolymers

A new hydrophilic strong anion-exchange (SAX) stationary phase for HPLC has been synthesized by chemical modification of macroporous 8.0-m monodisperse poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-ethylenedimethacrylate) beads (P_GMA/EDMA). The stationary phase was evaluated in detail to determine its ion-exchange properties, separability, reproducibility, hydrophilicity, and the effect of column loading and pH on the separation and retention of proteins. It was found to have an ion-exchange chromatographic (IEC) retention mechanism. The highest dynamic protein loading capacity of the synthesized SAX packing for BSA was 22.6 mg g^–1. Five proteins were separated within 6.0 min using the synthesized SAX resin. The SAX resin was also used for rapid separation and purification of recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF) from a crude extract solution in only one step. The purity of the purified of rhSCF was >92.4%.     

Evaluation of anion exchange resins for plutonium-uranium separations in nitric acid

Pellicular, macroreticular and microreticular (gel-type) anion exchange resins were compared for the separation of plutonium from nitric acid solutions of mixed plutonium-uranium. AS Pellionex SAX (pellicular resin) and Amberlite IRA-93 (weak base macroreticular anion exchange resin) were found to have better uranium washing and plutonium eluting characteristics than any of the resins tested. However, the capacity of the pellicular resin was much lower than the other resins.     

环氧氯丙烷修饰的对位和间位芳纶涂覆剂研究

制备了具有环氧丙基侧链的对位芳纶(PPTA-ECH)和间位芳纶(PMIA-ECH),并将其用做对位芳纶(PPTA)织物/环氧树脂复合材料中PPTA织物的涂覆剂。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)及XPS等方法对PPTA织物表面的PPTA-ECH涂层结构进行了表征。考察了PPTA-ECH和PMIA-ECH涂覆的PPTA织物/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度和面内剪切强度,并与未经涂覆的PPTA织物复合材料的性能作比较。结果表明,PPTA-ECH和PMIA-ECH可显著改善PPTA织物和环氧树脂之间的界面性能。涂覆了PPTA-ECH及PMIA-ECH的PPTA织物/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)比未经涂覆的复合材料分别提高了26.20%和14.76%,面内剪切强度(ISS)分别提高了26.98%和11.86%。由于PPTA-ECH对PPTA纤维具有更强的亲和能力,因此PPTA-ECH在层间剪切强度和面内剪切强度方面的增强效果均优于PMIA-ECH。对PPTA-ECH在PPTA纤维表面铺展与吸附及对复合材料的增强机理也进行了初步探讨。作为新型涂覆剂,PPTA-ECH在对位芳纶复合材料的开发应用方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

Investigation of removal of Ag(I) from aqueous solution by a novel chelating resin containing acyl and thiourea groups

This work aimed at investigating a novel chelating resin (PTDTR) containing acyl and thiourea groups for the removal of Ag(I) from aqueous solution by adsorption tests, FTIR, scanning electron microcopy (SEM), BET and XPS analyses. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ag(I) ions obtained from Langmuir model was 6.078?mmol/g at 30?°C. The uptake of Ag(I) on resin was found to follow liquid film diffusion and pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process of Ag(I) ions onto PTDTR resin was spontaneous and endothermic under nature conditions. The regeneration test indicated that PTDTR resin have good stability and the adsorption capacity decreased 2.7% after five cycles of adsorption-desorption. In addition, PTDTR resin showed good selectivity for Ag(I) ions in Ag(I)-Cu(II) binary system. The results of SEM suggested that Ag(I) adsorbed on the surface of PTDTR. The FTIR and XPS analyses further confirmed Ag(I) ions might chemisorb onto PTDTR surfaces through its acyl and thiourea groups.     

基于废弃固定化酶再利用的高容量强阳离子交换树脂及其对溶菌酶的吸附性能

采用表面引发-原子转移自由基聚合( SI-ATRP)技术,以废弃的固定化酶为基质、4-乙烯基苯磺酸钠为单体,30℃聚合3 h,制备了一种新型强阳离子交换树脂。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱( FT-IR)对合成的强阳离子交换树脂进行表征。以溶菌酶为模型蛋白,考察了溶菌酶初始浓度、离子强度、有机溶剂浓度、吸附时间及温度对吸附容量的影响。结果表明,强阳离子交换树脂对溶菌酶的吸附是一个放热的过程。在室温下对溶菌酶的最大吸附量可达240 mg/g,在30 min内快速达到吸附平衡,比文献报道的阳离子交换树脂具有更好的吸附性能。 Langmuir吸附模型与准二级动力学方程可以较好地对吸附过程进行拟合。     

HPLC测定食品包装用胶黏剂中5种树脂酸含量

建立高效液相色谱测定食品包装用胶黏剂中枞酸、新枞酸、去氢枞酸、长叶松酸和左旋海松酸的分析方法。对样品前处理和色谱分析条件进行了优化,以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,甲醇沉淀高聚物离心后微孔滤膜过滤,乙腈-0.4%乙酸水(80∶20)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L/min,等度洗脱,采用Venusil MP C18(2)色谱柱,二极管阵列检测器(DAD),高效液相色谱法测定,枞酸和新枞酸的检测波长为240 nm,长叶松酸和左旋海松酸为270 nm,去氢枞酸为208 nm,以外标法定量。结果表明,5种树脂酸的定量下限为2.5~10.0 mg/kg,线性范围跨越两个数量级以上,连续6次进样的相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于3.4%,加标回收率为92.2%~103.6%。该方法操作简单、干扰因素少、分析速度快,满足食品包装用胶黏剂中5种树脂酸的检测要求。     

螯合树脂研究——Ⅷ.以聚硫醚为主链的氧杂多乙烯多胺型螯合树脂的合成及其吸附性能

由聚[2′-氯乙基-2,3-环硫丙基醚]和多乙烯声胺反应,合成了四种以聚硫醚为主链的氧杂多乙烯多胺型螯合树脂,它们对贵金属离子Au(Ⅲ)、Pd(Ⅱ)、Pt(Ⅳ)、Ag~+等具有优良的吸附性能。     

Enrichment and purification of madecassoside and asiaticoside from Centella asiatica extracts with macroporous resins

In present study, the performance and separation characteristics of five macroporous resins for the enrichment and purification of asiaticoside and madecassoside from Centella asiatica extracts have been evaluated. The adsorption and desorption properties of total triterpene saponins (80% purity) on macroporous resins including HPD100, HPD300, X-5, AB-8 and D101 have been compared. According to our results, HPD100 offered higher adsorption and desorption capacities and higher adsorption speed for asiaticoside and madecassoside than other resins. Column packed with HPD100 resin was used to perform dynamic adsorption and desorption tests to optimize the separation process of asiaticoside and madecassoside from C. asiatica extracts. After the treatment with gradient elution on HPD100 resin, the content of madecassoside in the product increased from 3.9 to 39.7%, and the recovery yield was 70.4%; for asiaticoside the content increased from 2.0 to 21.5%, and the recovery yield was 72.0%. The results showed that HPD100 resin revealed a good ability to separate madecassoside and asiaticoside, and the method can be referenced for the separation of other triterpene saponins from herbal raw materials.     

疏水/亲水性聚二乙烯基苯/聚丙烯酸大孔互穿聚合物网络树脂对苯胺的吸附性能

采用分步悬浮聚合法制备了聚二乙烯基苯/聚丙烯酸甲酯（PDVB/PMA）大孔互穿聚合物网络,将其中的聚丙烯酸甲酯转化为聚丙烯酸,得到具有疏水/亲水性能的聚二乙烯基苯/聚丙烯酸（PDVB/PAA）大孔互穿聚合物网络（IPN）,研究了这类疏水/亲水大孔PDVB/PAA IPN对苯胺的吸附热力学和吸附动力学,测定了该树脂的孔结构、含水量、弱酸交换量和溶胀性能;测定了该树脂对苯胺在不同温度下的吸附等温线,利用热力学函数关系计算了吸附焓、自由能和熵。 红外光谱显示,成功合成了疏水/亲水PDVB/PAA IPN,与PDVB、PDVB/PMA IPN树脂相比,其BET表面积以及孔容均减小,含水量为62.73％,弱酸交换量为1.91 mmol/g;对苯胺的吸附为放热、自发的过程;溶胀实验、静态解吸实验表明,PDVB/PAA IPN树脂中疏水性的PDVB网具有疏水作用吸附能力,亲水性的PAA网具有氢键作用吸附能力。 对苯胺的吸附在90 min时即可达到吸附平衡,树脂吸附苯胺符合一级速率方程,吸附速率主要受颗粒内扩散的控制,同时还受液膜扩散的影响,吸附动力学可采用HSDM模型描述。