手性离子液体在毛细管电泳手性分离中的应用

简要介绍了手性离子液体用于毛细管电泳手性分离的一般原理,系统地介绍了基于手性离子液体的毛细管电泳对映体拆分的一元手性选择体系和二元手性选择体系,并在国内外研究现状的基础上展望了手性离子液体在毛细管电泳手性分离中的应用前景。     

3种芳香连二醇对映体的毛细管区带电泳手性拆分及其光学纯度分析

以磺化环糊精为毛细管区带电泳(CZE)手性选择剂,成功地分离了3种烯烃的不对称二羟化产物苯基乙二醇、β-甲基苯基-乙二醇和1,2-二苯基乙二醇对映体;考察了不同手性选择剂及其浓度、背景电解质pH值、操作电压等因素对分离的影响,优化了分离条件;对该3种芳香连二醇对映体样品进行了光学纯度检查,并与HPLC测定结果作比较,评价该方法的准确性。结果表明:两批样品中对映体过量(ee)测定值与HPLC法结果相一致,CZE方法简单、准确、分离度好,可用于该芳香连二醇中性化合物的手性拆分和ee值的测定。     

基于环糊精手性选择剂的几种手性药物对映体的毛细管电泳拆分

以环糊精(-αCD、-βCD和-γCD)为手性选择剂,采用毛细管电泳对扑尔敏、异丙嗪和二氧异丙嗪对映体进行了分离,考察了手性选择剂的浓度、缓冲液pH值及有机添加剂对手性分离的影响,并就拆分机理进行了初步探讨.     

手性毛细管电泳实验中手性选择剂取代度的影响研究

针对手性毛细管电泳实验“手性药物氧氟沙星对映体的分离检测”的教学过程中,发现手性选择剂取代度对实验结果具有重要影响,详细研究了一系列不同取代度的羟丙基-β-环糊精对氧氟沙星对映体分离效果的影响。研究结果表明：对映体的分离度随取代度变化显著,且取代度DS=7.9时分离度最佳。依据取代度的测定方法,对市售羟丙基-β-环糊精的质量进行评估,以确保手性毛细管电泳实验结果的稳定性和良好的教学效果。     

离子液体作为添加剂的毛细管电泳法拆分盐酸金刚乙胺

将新离子液体[EIMCH2CONHBu]BF4用于毛细管电泳法拆分手性药物,建立了以β-环糊精为手性选择剂拆分盐酸金刚乙胺对映体的毛细管电泳方法。分别考察了离子液体浓度,手性选择剂浓度,缓冲溶液种类、浓度及pH值,分离电压等参数对分离度的影响,从而确定了盐酸金刚乙胺对映体的最佳拆分条件:[EIMCH2CONHBu]BF4溶液体积分数3.2%,β-环糊精18 mmol/L,NaH2PO4 15 mmol/L,缓冲液pH 3.03,分离电压15 kV。在优化的实验条件下,盐酸金刚乙胺对映体得到基线分离,分离度可达1.51。实验结果表明[EIMCH2CONHBu]BF4能够增强β-环糊精的手性拆分能力,对手性拆分有协同作用。     

毛果芸香碱对映体的毛细管电泳手性分离

采用β-环糊精及其衍生物作为手性选择剂对毛果芸香碱对映体进行了分离,研究了环糊精类型和浓度对分离的影响,同时考察了背景电解质pH、操作电压和温度等因素对对映体分离的影响;结果表明,采用羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)可以使毛果芸香碱对映体达到基线分离,优化条件下手性分离度可达2．79,为此类药物提供了一种简便、快速的毛细管电泳手性分离分析方法。     

高磺化-β-环糊精毛细管电泳分离分析手性芳香仲醇

以高磺化-β-环糊精为毛细管电泳手性选择剂,建立了有效分离7种手性芳香仲醇对映体的方法.在20 mmol/L H3PO4-三乙醇胺为背景电解质(pH 2.5),6%(m/V) 高磺化-β-环糊精为手性选择剂(S-β-CD),柱温20 ℃,操作电压-15 kV,检测波长214 nm等优化条件下,所有芳香仲醇对映体均实现基线分离.以本方法测定了7种芳香酮不对称氢转移反应产物7种手性芳香仲醇的百分对映体过量值(% ee),其测定结果与高效液相色谱、气相色谱测定结果完全一致.本方法可以用于手性芳香仲醇光学纯度的测定.     

毛细管电泳手性分离中的协同效应

综述了毛细管电泳手性分离中的协同效应。介绍了毛细管电泳手性分离中双手性选择剂的应用情况。表明用CDs/CDs.CDs/crown组成的双选择剂及聚合环糊精衍生物,聚合手性胶束体系有可能改善难拆分的对映体物质的分离效果,展示了协同效应的毛细管电泳拆分复杂物质对映体中的应用前景。     

手性药物山莨菪碱的毛细管电泳拆分研究

以新型环糊精衍生物单3-O-苯基胺甲酰基-β-CD为手性选择剂,用毛细管区带电泳法对手性药物山莨菪碱进行了拆分。考察了手性选择剂浓度、缓冲液pH值和浓度及有机溶剂对拆分的影响。结果表明,手性选择剂浓度和缓冲液pH值是影响药物对映体分离的重要因素,有机溶剂亦对分离有很大影响。单3-O-苯基胺甲酰基-β-CD对山莨菪碱的分离度为2．16。     

3-苯基乳酸的手性毛细管电泳拆分

考察了环糊精种类、环糊精浓度、缓冲溶液pH、分离电压、温度等因素对3-苯基乳酸手性分离的影响,并对分离条件进行了优化。结果表明,采用区带毛细管电泳技术,以0.03 mol/L的羟丙基-β-环糊精为手性选择剂,0.1 mol/L的磷酸缓冲溶液(pH 5.5)为电泳缓冲溶液,26 kV的分离电压,在25 ℃下可使3-苯基乳酸对映体达到基线分离,分离度为1.51。     

Enantioseparation Of Aromatic Dipeptides Using Carboxymethyl-β-Cyclodextrin Polymer As Chiral Selector By Capillary Electrophoresis

ABSTRACT

Chiral separation of peptides is of interest because of the different biological activity of enantiomers. In this report, several underivatized dipeptides with benzene moieties were optically resolved by employing carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer(CM-β-CD polymer) as chiral selector. The effects of different cyclodextrin types, selector concentration, buffer pH, and organic additive were examined. Selector concentration and buffer pH played significant roles in resolution. Enantioseparation was found to be negatively influenced by adding the organic additive into running buffer and even completely lost at the organic additive content of 16%. It was also noted that the dipeptides with short chain in the vicinity of the second chiral carbon atom showed better chiral resolution by using CM-β-CD polymer than by using either carboxyethyl-β-CD or succinylated-β-CD. Simultaneous chiral separation of a mixture of DL-Ala-DL-Phe and DL-Leu-DL-Phe was also obtained using 27 mg/ml CM-β-CD polymer in the running buffer at pH5.12.     

Optimization and Parameter Study for Chiral Separation by Capillary Electrophoresis

Orthogonal design and uniform design were used for the optimization of separation of enantiomers using 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) as a chiral selector by capillary zone electrophoresis. The concentration of DM-β-CD, buffer pH, running voltage, and capillary temperature were selected as variable parameters, their different effects on peak resolution were studied by the design methods. It was concluded that orthogonal design offers a rapid and efficient means for testing the importance of individual parameters and for determining the optimum operating conditions. However, for a large number of both factors and levels, uniform design is more efficient. The effect of addition of methanol and citric acid buffer on the separation of enantiomers was also examined.     

Enantioseparation of Reduced Haloperidol by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Dimethyl-β-Cyclodextrin

Chiral separation of reduced haloperidol (RHP), an optically active metabolite from haloperidol, by capillary electrophoresis is described. RHP was separated on an uncoated capillary with dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (dimethyl-β-CD) in Tris phosphate buffer using PEG 6000 as an organic additive. Several parameters affecting the separation of RHP were studied, including pH and concentration of buffer, buffer additive, and concentration of chiral selector. The migration order of the resolved RHP was assigned with reference RHP enantiomers.     

Use of polystyrene nanoparticles to enhance enantiomeric separation of propranolol by capillary electrophoresis with Hp-beta-CD as chiral selector

We describe the use of polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles to manipulate chiral selectivity of propranolol analysis by capillary electrophoresis, by dispersing PS nanoparticles into the run buffer employing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as chiral selector. Distinct separational differences are observed between the buffer containing PS nanoparticles and buffer without, when changing separating conditions including PS nanoparticles concentration, pH, buffer concentration, HP-β-CD concentration and when adding an organic additive. Selectivity improvements are reflected by changes in the observed mobility as a result of interactions between the propranolol enantiomers and HP-β-CD governing the absorption process on the PS particles surface. The presence of PS nanoparticles increases the enantioseparation at low particle concentration in the presence of HP-β-CD as a chiral selector.     

Simultaneous Chiral Separation of Geometry Isomers and Enantiomers of Nateglinide by Capillary Electrophoresis with Mixture of CD Derivations as Chiral Selector

Abstract

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the simultaneous separation of geometry isomers and enantiomers of nateglinide was built. Several different dyclodextrin (CD) derivatives were tested for the chiral separation of nateglinide, and it was proved that ionic CDs [i.e., carboxymethy-β-CD (CM-β-CD) and sulphonic-β-CD (S-β-CD)] could show better chiral selectivity for both geometry isomers and enantiomers than the neutral CDs. The separation of geometry of both isomers and enantiomers of nateglinide was obtained by CE in a 75-µm i.d. × 60 cm (effective length 45 cm) fused-silica capillary at 11 kV voltage, while 30 mM phosphate (pH = 8.38) acted as running buffer and a mixture of 40 mM S-β-CD + 21 mM CM-β-CD served as chiral selector. The detective wavelength was set at 254 nm.     

手性流动相添加法拆分酮康唑外消旋体

采用C18反相色谱柱,利用在流动相中加入手性选择剂的方法实现酮康唑对映体的拆分。研究了手性选择剂的种类及浓度、流动相pH值、甲醇比例和柱温等因素对酮康唑手性分离的影响,结果表明磺丁基-β-环糊精可以使酮康唑对映体完全分离,最后选择的流动相组成为甲醇-0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钠(体积比为60∶40,含0.02%三乙胺和1.0 mmol/L磺丁基-β-环糊精,用稀磷酸调节pH值到3.00)。酮康唑对映体在6 min内得到基线分离,分离度为2.05。方法简便,分离效果好,对酮康唑对映体的拆分具有应用价值。     

毛细管电泳手性选择剂去硫酸基硫酸软骨素C的研究开发及新药西尼地平对映体的拆分

研究开发了一种新型的毛细管电泳多糖手性选择剂去硫酸基硫酸软骨素C,并用于二氢吡啶类药物对映体的分离。建立了新药西尼地平对映体的拆分方法,同时考察了背景电解质pH值、手性添加剂浓度、工作电压等因素对手性分离的影响。优化的背景电解质pH值 为2.50、手性添加剂的质量浓度为30 g/L,工作电压为10 kV。以去硫酸基硫酸软骨素C为毛细管电泳手性选择剂拆分新药西尼地平对映体,操作简单方便,西尼地平两对映体得到了基线分离,分离度达2.01。     

Analysis of enantiomers in biological matrices by charged cyclodextrin-mediated capillary zone electrophoresis in column-coupling arrangement with capillary isotachophoresis

The possibility to apply charged chiral selector as buffer additive in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) on-line coupled with capillary isotachophoresis (CITP) was studied. Enantioseparations and determinations of trace (ng/ml) antihistaminic drugs [pheniramine (PHM), dimethindene (DIM), dioxopromethazine (DIO)] present in samples of complex ionic matrices (urine) served as model examples. A negatively charged carboxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CE-β-CD) was used as a chiral selector in analytical CZE stage following upon a sample pretreatment by CITP (preconcentration of the analytes from 5 to 20-times diluted urine samples, partial sample clean up removing macroconstituents from the sample matrices). A high recognition capability of the oppositely charged CE-β-CD was demonstrated by enantioselective retardation of the drugs in presence of micro-and semi-macroconstituents migrating in CZE stage and detectable by UV detector. In this way, enantiomers of the drugs could be easily separated and determined. Due to lack of interferences between the drugs and sample-matrix constituents in presence of charged CE-β-CD, demands on both spacers in CITP step and multiple column-switching were minimized. CITP-CZE method with charged selector appeared to be a useful analytical approach for the trace enantiomers in complex ionic matrices as it combined enhanced separation selectivity and sample loadabitlity with high separation efficiency and provided favorable performance parameters including sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy/recovery and robustness with minimal demands on sample preparation. Analysis of urine sample taken from a patient treated by PHM, showing concentration profile of PHM enantiomers and their metabolites, illustrated potentialities of the method in clinical research.     

Chiral Separation of Ibuprofen and Terbutaline by Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Conductance Detection

IntroductionThe separation of chiral substances is a chal-lenge task to analytical chemistry and pharmaceuti-cal chemistry.HPLC[1] and GC[2 ] are the commonchiral separation techniques.Unfortunately,theyare time- consuming and strenuous.In addition,thechiral separation columns are expensive and thebaseline separation is hard to be obtained.Recently,the researches of chiral separationwith capillary electrophoresis have been active[3 ,4 ] .However,the instrument with an optical detectorcosts …     

On the use of dispersed nanoparticles modified with single layer beta-cyclodextrin as chiral selecor to enhance enantioseparation of clenbuterol with capillary electrophoresis

A new strategy for chiral separation by capillary electrophoresis employing modified-nanoparticles as chiral selector is described for clenbuterol analysis. Nanoparticles modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) form a large surface area platform to serve as a pseudostationary chiral phase, which can be applied for the enhancement of the enantioseparation. The application of four kinds of nanoparticles was investigated (multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs), polystyrene (PS), TiO₂ and Al₂O₃) modified with single layer β-CD as chiral selector in the enantioseparation of clenbuterol by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Successful clenbuterol enantioseparation could be achieved with the β-CD-modified MWNTs as chiral selector. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the β-CD modification of the nanoparticles. The effects of nanoparticles, surfactant, chiral selector (β-CD) and run buffer were studied in relation to the enantiomeric separation of clenbuterol. This study opens attractive perspectives for the use of modified nanoparticles for chiral separational purposes in CE.