分子烙印传感器的研究进展

分子烙印技术是制备具有选择性分子识别能力的聚合物的新兴技术,其应用之一是将分子烙印聚合物用作分析化学中化学传感器的识别元件。本文综述了分子烙印技术的原理方法及其在传感器方面的应用,评述了分子烙印传感器的发展方向,展望了其在有机磷化合物检测中的应用前景。     

分子印迹-仿生传感器的研究进展

分子印迹技术是制备具有选择性分子识别能力聚合物(分子印迹聚合物)的新兴化学合成技术。分子印迹聚合物的一个重要应用是在生物传感器中取代生物分子作为识别元件,研制耐受性强、低成本的分子印迹仿生传感器。综述了分子印迹技术的基本原理及其在仿生传感器方面的应用研究现状,并对分子印迹仿生传感器的发展前景进行了评述。引用文献24篇。     

分子印迹技术研究进展

分子印迹是制备具有分子特异识别功能聚合物的一种技术。本文从分子印迹聚合物的识别机理、分子印迹聚合制备条件和制备技术三个方面综述了分子印迹的研究进展,最后展望了分子印迹发展前景。引用文献66篇。     

计算机分子模拟在分子印迹技术中的应用

传统的分子印迹技术对模板分子、功能单体、交联剂、致孔剂等的筛选往往依靠经验,常通过反复实验对合成条件进行优化,存在实验周期长、耗材量大等问题。计算机分子模拟技术的应用在实验过程中起到可预见性指导作用,可以实现精准识别位点的裁制、识别驱动力的设计,通过结合能等物化特征参数计算优化识别体系的稳定性,从而合理选择模板分子、功能单体、交联剂、致孔剂,优化聚合条件,以提高聚合物识别特异性和亲和力,缩短实验周期,更符合绿色化学的理念。本文简单介绍了计算机分子模拟技术,重点对其在分子印迹技术中的指导作用进行了综述,并对其在分子印迹技术中的应用进行了展望。     

核酸分子"光开关"的研究进展

综述了核酸分子“光开关”的发展及最新动态 ,阐述了它在核酸分子识别分析中的应用 ,并提出了研究核酸分子“光开关”的一些建议和看法     

光驱动分子梭

分子梭在分子开关、分子逻辑门、信息存储等领域有着潜在的应用价值,是超分子化学领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了光驱动分子梭的研究进展：重点举例介绍了荧光光谱识别法和圆二色光谱识别法这两种识别光驱动分子梭位置状态的方法;阐述了构建光驱动轮烷分子梭的新型方法学,包括光驱动环糊精[2]轮烷和[1]轮烷分子梭的定向合成,举例介绍了光间接驱动的轮烷分子梭,以及光驱动[3]轮烷型分子梭和分子梭聚合物;举例说明了光驱动分子梭的功能性应用,用光驱动分子梭来模拟分子水平的逻辑门,研究光驱动分子梭体系中的能量传递机理,以及非溶液态的光驱动分子梭;并对分子梭今后的发展做了展望。     

超分子体系中的分子识别桥──连环糊精对模型底物的键合能力及分子选择性

综述了近年来桥连双环糊精分子识别的研究进展,主要从疏水相互作用、多重识别、尺寸和构型匹配、热力学性质以及环糊精二聚体分子识别的一些应用等方面对研究结果进行了评述.     

DNA识别分子研究的进展

从天然小分子及人工合成小分子等方面综述了近年来DNA识别分子的设计、合 成、识别及应用的研究进展     

分子印迹技术研究进展

分子印迹技术是制备对特定目标分子具有特异性识别能力的高分子材料的技术,所制备的高分子材料被称为分子印迹聚合物.分子印迹聚合物因具有预定性、识别性和实用性三大优点已广泛应用于分离、模拟抗体与受体、催化剂以及仿生传感器等方面和领域,显示出了广泛的应用前景.作者对分子印迹技术的发展历史、基本原理、分类、应用现状以及一些新的研究热点进行了综述.     

金属卟啉配合物的分子识别研究进展

综述了金属卟啉配合物的分子识别研究进展。介绍了金属卟啉配合物在分子形状与大小识别、官能团识别和手性识别方面的研究概况。     

Macromolecular Recognition and Macroscopic Interactions by Cyclodextrins

Herein macromolecular recognition by cyclodextrins (CDs) is summarized. Recognition of macromolecules by CDs is classified as main‐chain recognition or side‐chain recognition. We found that CDs form inclusion complexes with various polymers with high selectivity. Polyrotaxanes in which many CDs are entrapped in a polymer chain were prepared. Tubular polymers were prepared from the polyrotaxanes. CDs were found to recognize side‐chains of polymers selectively. CD host polymers were found to form gels with guest polymers in water. These gels showed self‐healing properties. When azobenzene was used as a guest, the gel showed sol‐gel transition by photoirradiation. When ferrocene was used, redox‐responsive gels were obtained. Macroscopic self‐assembly through molecular recognition has been discovered. Photoswitchable gel association and dissociation have been observed.     

分子烙印聚合物对抗胆碱能类药物的选择性固相吸附行为研究

以3种结构类似的抗胆碱能药物盐酸新托品(1116)、盐酸苯环壬酯(8021)和盐酸戊乙奎醚(8018)为模板分子合成分子烙印聚合物,采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(SPE-HPLC)考察各MIP对乙腈溶液中结构类似的药物1116、8021、8018及盐酸卡马特灵(1113)、氯苯那敏(CPA)和樟柳碱(AT3)的固相吸附行为,探讨MIP特异性识别的影响因素及机理。结果表明,在MIP合成中,功能单体、交联剂及引发剂的种类和用量、引发方式、模板分子与功能单体的比例等因素对MIP的特异性识别能力均有重要影响。以1116、8021和8018为模板分子、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TRIM)为交联剂,在乙腈中合成的各MIP均表现出较强的特异性识别能力。其中,MIP对待测物的非特异性吸附主要由其网状结构表面游离的极性基团引起;MIP的特异性识别过程中,识别位点与待测物的空间结构匹配起着更为重要的作用。     

Chiral recognition in aggregates formed by chiral bola-amphiphiles

The aggregates of three new isomeric chiral bola-amphiphiles have been taken into consideration as models for investigating chiral recognition in biological membranes. The recognition capabilities of the aggregates were explored following (by CD and HPLC experiments) the shift in the equilibrium between the inter-converting enantiomers of a biphenylic derivative and bilirubin, used as markers of chirality. The chiral recognition experiments were performed under different pH and concentration conditions. The results were compared with those relative to the aggregates formed by an equimolar mixture of single head/single chain amphiphiles that mimic the structure of the bola surfactant devoid of a covalent link.     

聚联乙炔囊泡负载的Bola型两亲分子识别三聚氰胺过程中Chaotrope促进型显色机制及热力学

用聚联乙炔囊泡为载体,将bola型两亲分子1,12-二乳清酸十二胺盐(DDO)对三聚氰胺的分子识别作用用肉眼可见的颜色变化显示出来.通过比较不同碳链长度的聚联乙炔囊泡对分子识别过程的反映,发现二十三烷基-2.4-二炔酸(TCDA)囊泡的显色灵敏度较高.研究表明,TCDA肉眼可见的颜色变化来自于DDO与三聚氰胺多重氢键的形成以及溶液环境中水结构的变化.为了更好地理解显色机理,用差示扫描量热(DSC)仪详细研究了分子识别过程中聚联乙炔囊泡的相变行为及热力学参数.结果表明:TCDA囊泡和带有识别分子的DDO/TCDA囊泡在三聚氰胺存在下,相变温度Tm均向高温方向移动,并且,随三聚氰胺浓度的增加,Tm值逐渐增大直至囊泡瓦解;但是Tm值的变化没有与囊泡变色必然关联,仅仅DDO/TCDA囊泡具有变色现象,而且,只有当三聚氰胺的浓度超过分子识别氢键形成所需理论量时,肉眼才能可见明显的由蓝到红的颜色变化.为了理解溶液中过量的三聚氰胺对囊泡变色的作用,选用蔗糖和尿素作为典型的水结构促进剂和水结构破坏剂(chaotrope),详细研究了它们对聚联乙炔囊泡反映分子识别过程中相变温度的影响及显色规律.结果表明,过量的三聚氰胺在溶液中起到类似尿素水结构破坏剂的作用.这种作用和分子识别过程中多重氢键的形成对聚联乙炔囊泡的变色缺一不可.本研究首次揭示了由水结构破坏剂参与的聚联乙炔囊泡变色机理,有助于理解共轭聚合物热相变过程中的Hofmeister效应.     

Molecularly imprinted stationary phase prepared by reverse micro-emulsion polymerization for selective recognition of gatifloxacin in aqueous media

A new stationary phase for selectively recognizing gatifloxacin in aqueous media based on molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) has been prepared by water/oil reverse micro-emulsion polymerization. The MIMs were prepared using gatifloxacin as the template, N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide as cross-linker and acrylamide and acryloyl-β-CD (β-CD-A, synthesized by ester reaction of acrylic acid with β-CD) as combinatorial functional monomers. The surface morphology of MIMs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The properties of MIMs recognition for gatifloxacin in water were studied by adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms combined with Scatchard analysis and selective recognition experiments. The results showed that the synthesized MIMs had an excellent ability to selectively recognize gatifloxacin in aqueous media. MIMs were employed as the chromatographic stationary phase to successfully separate the template gatifloxacin from its analogues. Discovering the mechanism of the MIMs recognition revealed that the memory cavities in the surface of the MIMs and hydrophobic effects between the template and the cavities of the β-CD residues were the primary contributions to the special recognition process.     

胍基化合物在分子识别中的应用

对胍基化合物的结构、物理化学性质进行了简要说明,重点综述了胍基化合物的分子识别功能在主客体化学中的应用和最新研究进展。参考文献49篇。     

Modular aptameric sensors

We report the first examples of modular aptameric sensors, which transduce recognition events into fluorescence changes through allosteric regulation of noncovalent interactions with a fluorophore. These sensors consist of: (a) a reporting domain, which signals the binding event of an analyte through binding to a fluorophore; (b) a recognition domain, which binds the analyte; and (c) a communication module, which serves as a conduit between recognition and signaling domains. We tested recognition regions specific for ATP, FMN, and theophylline in combinations with malachite green binding aptamer as a signaling domain. In each case, we were able to obtain a functional sensor capable of responding to an increase in analyte concentration with an increase in fluorescence. Similar constructs that consist only of natural RNA could be expressed in cells and used as sensors for intracellular imaging.     

侧链带有L-氨基酸乙酯的螺旋聚苯乙炔衍生物的手性识别能力研究

采用Rh(nbd)BPh4催化剂合成了3种侧链带有L-氨基酸乙酯的螺旋聚苯乙炔衍生物PPA-S-Phe、PPA-S-Leu和PPA-A-Leu,并将其涂覆在氨丙基硅胶上制备高效液相色谱(HPLC)手性固定相(CSP),研究其对7种对映体的手性识别能力.由于侧链手性基团或主链与手性基团之间的链接基团不同,PPA-S-Phe、PPA-S-Leu和PPA-A-Leu形成了不同的螺旋构象,并表现出对对映体不同的手性识别能力.PPA-S-Phe和PPA-S-Leu的主链与手性基团之间的链接基团均为磺酰胺基,侧链手性基团为L-亮氨酸乙酯的PPA-S-Leu的手性识别能力优于侧链手性基团为L-苯丙氨酸乙酯的PPA-S-Phe.PPA-S-Leu和PPA-A-Leu的侧链手性基团均为L-亮氨酸乙酯,以酰胺基为链接基团的PPA-A-Leu的手性识别能力明显优于以磺酰胺基为链接基团的PPA-S-Leu.螺旋聚苯乙炔主链与侧链手性基团之间的链接基团、侧链手性基团在手性识别中均发挥十分着重要作用.     

对苯二胺分子印迹聚合物的分子识别特性

以对苯二胺(p-PD)为模板分子,分别以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和丙烯酰胺(AA)为功能单体,制备了p-PD的印迹聚合物P(MAA)和P(AA),采用色谱法考察了其分子识别特性。结果表明,P(AA)对p-PD无明显的印迹效应;而甲醇为流动相时,P(MAA)能够选择性结合p-PD分子(k′=3.57),对p-PD有显著的印迹效应(印迹因子IF=2.95),P(MAA)柱可以实现p-PD与邻苯二胺(o-PD)和对氨基苯甲酸(p-ABA)的色谱分离。通过光谱实验及HF/6-31G*量化理论计算方法,对比研究了p-PD与MAA和AA之间的相互作用。MAA与p-PD能够形成更稳定的复合物,P(MAA)对p-PD具有更好的分子识别能力。研究表明紫外吸收光谱法和荧光光谱法以及量子化学理论计算法可作为功能单体筛选的有效手段;对于荧光模板分子,荧光光谱法具有简便、灵敏等特点。     

Retentivity and enantioselectivity of uniformly-sized molecularly imprinted polymers for (S)-nilvadipine in aqueous and non-aqueous mobile phases.

Uniformly-sized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for (S)-nilvadipine have been prepared by a multi-step swelling and polymerization method using methacrylic acid or 4-vinylpyridine (4-VPY) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as a cross-linker, and toluene, chloroform, cyclohexanol or phenylacetonitrile as a porogen. The chiral recognition abilities of the MIPs for nilvadipine were evaluated using aqueous and non-aqueous mobile phases. Among the MIPs, the (S)-nilvadipine-imprinted 4-VPY-co-EDMA polymers prepared using toluene as a porogen showed the highest recognition ability for nilvadipine in both aqueous and non-aqueous mobile phases. In addition to molecular shape recognition, hydrogen-bonding interactions of the NH proton of nilvadipine with a pyridyl group of the (S)-nilvadipine-imprinted 4-VPY-co-EDMA polymers could play an important role in the retention and chiral recognition of nilvadipine in aqueous and non-aqueous mobile phases. Furthermore, the MIP for (S)-nilvadipine gave the highest molecular recognition ability when a porogenic solvent during polymerization was used as the mobile phase modifier.